Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hidenobu Yajima, Makito Abe, Sadegh Khochfar, Kentaro Nagamine, Akio K. Inoue, Tadayuki Kodama, Shohei Arata, Claudio Dalla Vecchia, Hajime Fukushima, Takuya Hashimoto, Nobunari Kashikawa, Mariko Kubo, Yuexing Li, Yuichi Matsuda, Ken Mawatari, Masami Ouchi, Hideki Umehata
Summary: This study presents results from a new cosmological hydrodynamics simulation campaign of protocluster regions, showing the formation and evolution of galaxies in extremely overdense regions. The simulations reveal the presence of starburst galaxies and supermassive black holes in these regions, suggesting that protoclusters may kickstart cosmic reionization.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ondrej Jaura, Simon C. O. Glover, Katharina M. J. Wollenberg, Ralf S. Klessen, Sam Geen, Lionel Haemmerle
Summary: The ionizing radiation from massive Pop III stars is trapped in the surrounding accretion disc, thus having no significant impact on the number or total mass of protostars formed. The difference from previous studies lies in the way the radiation is injected into the simulation.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jacob L. Ward, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Melanie Chevance, Jaeyeon Kim, Steven N. Longmore
Summary: This paper aims to study the lifecycle of molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and determines their lifetime to be around 11.8 million years. The study finds that molecular clouds in the LMC are decoupled from galactic dynamics and have short lifetimes regulated by internal processes, while atomic clouds are correlated with galactic dynamical timescales.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. E. Mendez-Delgado, C. Esteban, J. Garcia-Rojas, K. Z. Arellano-Cordova, K. Kreckel, V Gomez-Llanos, O. Egorov, M. Peimbert, M. Orte-Garcia
Summary: We have conducted a study based on the DEep Spectra of Ionized REgions Data base (DESIRED). This database comprises 190 high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra of H II regions and other photoionized nebulae, in which about 29,380 emission lines are found. Our analysis reveals that the electron density (-n(e)-) of the objects is underestimated when only [S II]λ 6731/λ 6716 and/or [O II]λ 3726/λ 3729 are used as density indicators due to the non-linear density dependence. This underestimation has implications for the analysis of infrared fine structure lines and the resulting ionic abundances.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ciro Pappalardo, Leandro S. M. Cardoso, Jean Michel Gomes, Polychronis Papaderos, Jose Afonso, Iris Breda, Andrew Humphrey, Tom Scott, Stergios Amarantidis, Israel Matute, Rodrigo Carvajal, Silvio Lorenzoni, Patricio Lagos, Ana Paulino-Afonso, Henrique Miranda
Summary: The study investigates the limitations and reliability of different spectral synthesis methods in estimating the mean stellar age and metallicity. Results show that neglecting nebular continuum emission in the fitting process can lead to strong impacts on the estimation of galaxy's star formation history, particularly in high specific star formation rate phases. The study underlines the importance of a self-consistent treatment of nebular emission for a reliable determination of the assembly of high specific star formation rate galaxies.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Y. Yang, J. S. Urquhart, M. A. Thompson, K. M. Menten, F. Wyrowski, A. Brunthaler, W. W. Tian, M. Rugel, X. L. Yang, S. Yao, M. Mutale
Summary: This study aims to determine the physical properties of young HII regions using radio SEDs to search for potential HC HII regions and investigate their evolution. Observations using the VLA revealed 16 HC HII region candidates and 8 intermediate objects, with changes observed in electron density, diameter, and emission measure over time, while the Lyman continuum flux remained relatively stable. About 67% of Lyman-continuum photons are absorbed by dust within these HII regions, with dust absorption being more significant for compact and younger HII regions.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Robert C. Kennicutt, Mithi A. C. De Los Reyes
Summary: We found that the Schmidt law between starburst and nonstarburst galaxies can be fitted with a single power law with a slope of n = 1.5 +/- 0.05. However, fitting separate power laws for nonstarburst and starburst galaxies produces significantly different slopes, with a pronounced offset in the zero-point of the starburst relation towards higher SFR surface densities.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Aida Wofford, Andres Sixtos, Stephane Charlot, Gustavo Bruzual, Fergus Cullen, Thomas M. Stanton, Svea Hernandez, Linda J. Smith, Matthew Hayes
Summary: Super star cluster A1 in NGC 3125 is an important template for studying extreme He II emitters. By analyzing Cosmic Origins Spectrograph observations, we confirm that A1's He II emission is not contaminated by nebular emission and is redshifted relative to ISM lines. We compare A1's observations to various stellar population models and find that a Charlot & Bruzual model with very massive stars provides the best fit to the He II emission. We also discuss the presence of very massive stars in the low-metallicity galaxy CDFS131717.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. F. Sanchez, C. Espinosa-Ponce, L. Carigi, C. Morisset, J. K. Barrera-Ballesteros, C. J. Walcher, R. Garcia-Benito, A. Camps-Farina, L. Galbany
Summary: The study explores the chemical enrichment process in spiral galaxies by using the [O/Fe] ratio as an indirect proxy for the [alpha/Fe] ratio. The results show that [O/Fe] follows a decreasing pattern with [Fe/H] similar to the [alpha/Fe] ratio, and its absolute scale depends on the stellar mass and morphology of the galaxies. The use of different chemical evolution models helps to explain these patterns based on variations in star formation history, star formation efficiency, and inflow and outflow rates of the galaxies.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Amanda R. Lopes, Eduardo Telles, Jorge Melnick
Summary: By studying the spectral energy distribution fitting and star formation histories of H II galaxies, it is found that they are best described by episodic SFHs containing old, intermediate, and recent populations. These galaxies are in agreement with the SFR-M * relation of local star-forming galaxies, but only lie above this relation when the current SFR is considered.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Thomas Seive, John Chisholm, Floriane Leclercq, Gregory Zeimann
Summary: Ionizing photon escape is an important phenomenon to study the reionization of galaxies, and this study reveals the significant influence of spatial variation on the measured escape fraction of ionizing photons through observations of the emitter J0919 + 4906.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tatsuya Akiba, Ann-Marie Madigan
Summary: During the merger of two supermassive black holes, the anisotropic emission of gravitational waves can lead to a recoil kick of the merged remnant, resulting in the direct formation of eccentric nuclear disks. This will exhibit a distinctive eccentricity distribution and a spiral pattern in mean anomaly.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zuyi Chen, Daniel P. Stark, Ryan Endsley, Michael Topping, Lily Whitler, Stephane Charlot
Summary: The advent of the JWST-era presents an improved opportunity to study the resolved structure of early star-forming systems. This study investigates the internal structure of luminous z ≈ 6-8 galaxies using JWST/NIRCam imaging. The galaxies exhibit clumpy structures in the rest-UV, with most of the light coming from star-forming complexes that are several hundred pc in size. The majority of the stellar mass is contained within these star-forming complexes.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. T. Barnes, R. Chandar, K. Kreckel, S. C. O. Glover, F. Scheuermann, F. Belfiore, F. Bigiel, G. A. Blanc, M. Boquien, J. den Brok, E. Congiu, M. Chevance, D. A. Dale, S. Deger, J. M. D. Kruijssen, O. Egorov, C. Eibensteiner, E. Emsellem, K. Grasha, B. Groves, R. S. Klessen, S. Hannon, H. Hassani, J. C. Lee, A. K. Leroy, L. A. Lopez, A. F. McLeod, H. Pan, P. Sanchez-Blazquez, E. Schinnerer, M. C. Sormani, D. A. Thilker, L. Ubeda, E. J. Watkins, T. G. Williams
Summary: This study provides observational constraints on the relative importance of different feedback mechanisms in H II region evolution by resolving H II regions in the nearby star-forming galaxy NGC 1672. The results show that radiation pressure plays a more significant role than previously expected, and higher pressures are found in more compact H II regions.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jorge Moreno, Paul Torrey, Sara L. Ellison, David R. Patton, Connor Bottrell, Asa F. L. Bluck, Maan H. Hani, Christopher C. Hayward, James S. Bullock, Philip F. Hopkins, Lars Hernquist
Summary: The study shows that close encounters in interacting galaxies significantly increase cool gas budgets, leading to enhanced star formation. Additionally, galaxies with high global star formation rates experience intense nuclear star formation enhancement in the central region, while those with low global SFR are suppressed in the central region.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Benjamin D. Wibking, Mark R. Krumholz
Summary: We simulate a magnetized Milky Way-like galaxy and find distinct layered structure in galactocentric height, with broken power-law structure in Alfven Mach number and plasma beta. Magnetic pressure becomes dominant after gas depletion, but is subdominant at higher gas fractions and star formation rates. Results agree well with observations and have significant implications for cosmic ray-driven winds and cosmic ray propagation.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Seungjae Lee, Ji-hoon Kim, Boon Kiat Oh
Summary: Stars that are tidally disrupted by a massive black hole (MBH) can significantly contribute to the growth of the MBH, especially in dense nuclear star clusters. However, this tidal disruption accretion (TDA) has been overlooked compared to gas accretion (GA) in most numerical experiments. In this study, we implement TDA in the Enzo code to investigate its influence on the early evolution of an MBH seed. We find that TDA can greatly enhance the MBH's growth rate, but mainly in the early stages.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Matthew T. Scoggins, Zoltan Haiman, John H. Wise
Summary: The existence of 10^9 M_sun supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years of the Universe challenges our understanding of black hole formation and growth. Heavy seed formation pathways could lead to overly massive BH galaxies (OMBGs) with black hole-to-stellar mass ratios (M_bh/M_*) well above typical values. By studying two identified OMBGs in the Renaissance simulations, it is found that these newborn BHs remain outliers in the M_bh - M_* relation until they merge with more massive haloes at around z ≈ 8.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
John C. Forbes, Razieh Emami, Rachel S. Somerville, Shy Genel, Dylan Nelson, Annalisa Pillepich, Blakesley Burkhart, Greg L. Bryan, Mark R. Krumholz, Lars Hernquist, Stephanie Tonnesen, Paul Torrey, Viraj Pandya, Christopher C. Hayward
Summary: The driving of turbulence in galaxies is influenced by feedback, star formation, outflows, accretion, and radial transport in disks. The velocity dispersion of gas in galaxies provides an observational window into these processes. This study explores the impact of accreting gaseous material on galactic turbulence using high-resolution simulations. Results show that accretion contributes to turbulent kinetic energy, especially in the outskirts of less massive galaxies.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Eun-jin Shin, Sandro Tacchella, Ji-hoon Kim, Kartheik G. Iyer, Vadim A. Semenov
Summary: We investigate the regulation of star formation and the cycling of baryons within and outside of galaxies. Using numerical simulations, we vary the galaxy morphology and stellar feedback strength to study Milky Way-mass galaxies. By tracking individual gas parcels, we examine the movement of gas through different phases of the interstellar medium and its impact on star formation. Our results show that galaxy morphology and stellar feedback play a significant role in the residence time of gas in the dense interstellar medium, the nature of spiral arms, and clump properties. By analyzing the temporal and spatial power spectrum density of star formation rate, we can gain insights into the baryon cycle and the star formation process.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yongseok Jo, Shy Genel, Benjamin Wandelt, Rachel S. Somerville, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, Greg L. Bryan, Daniel Angles-Alcazar, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Dylan Nelson, Ji-hoon Kim
Summary: This study employs implicit likelihood inference (ILI) to calibrate the parameters of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. The researchers use neural networks as emulators trained on a dataset of 1000 cosmological simulations to estimate observables and perform ILI to obtain posterior distributions of the parameters. The study finds degeneracies between parameters inferred from the emulated cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD), which can be broken by using the stellar mass functions (SMFs) as complementary constraints.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Daniela Calzetti, Sean T. Linden, Timothy McQuaid, Matteo Messa, Zhiyuan Ji, Mark R. Krumholz, Angela Adamo, Bruce Elmegreen, Kathryn Grasha, Kelsey E. Johnson, Elena Sabbi, Linda J. Smith, Varun Bajaj
Summary: Multiwavelength images from the Hubble Space Telescope reveal the presence of compact sources emitting in Pa beta but only marginally detected in H alpha, indicating young stellar clusters heavily attenuated by dust in the central area of NGC 4449. The age and size of these dusty clusters, located within dark clouds at the periphery of the galaxy, suggest that pre-SN feedback has not effectively cleared their natal cocoons, challenging existing models of star formation regulation. Confirmation of these findings would provide a more complex understanding of the role of stellar feedback in controlling star formation.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Takafumi Tsukui, Emily Wisnioski, Mark R. Krumholz, Andrew Battisti
Summary: We present spatially resolved dust properties of the quasar host galaxy BRI1335-0417 at redshift z = 4.4 based on Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations. The dust temperature map obtained from a greybody fit to continuum images shows a steep increase towards the center and a flat median profile at the outer regions. Image decomposition analysis reveals a point source in both dust continuum images, which corresponds to warm dust heated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The inclusion of a warm component along with cooler dust heated by star formation provides a better fit to the global spectral energy distribution compared to a single-component model.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mark R. Krumholz, Roland M. Crocker, Stella S. R. Offner
Summary: Cosmic rays in star-forming galaxies play a dominant role in producing both diffuse gamma-ray emissions and ionization. This study establishes a connection between the cosmic rays and star formation rates, gamma-ray luminosities, and ionization rates in galaxies, providing insight into the maximum ionization rate and gamma-ray luminosity in these systems. The results suggest that ionization rates in the Milky Way may include contributions from local sources or enhanced CR-driven ionization not directly linked to star formation. Additionally, gamma-ray luminosity measurements can be used to constrain galactic ionization budgets in starburst galaxies.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Matt A. Roth, Mark R. Krumholz, Roland M. Crocker, Todd A. Thompson
Summary: In this paper, a new method for calculating the non-thermal spectra of star-forming galaxies is presented, along with an open-source software package that implements it. The method only requires commonly available quantities such as a galaxy's effective radius, star-formation rate, stellar mass, and redshift, eliminating the need for expensive, spatially resolved gas measurements. Individual models for the background gas and radiation field are derived from these inputs, and steady-state cosmic ray spectra are computed by solving the full kinetic equation for hadronic and leptonic particles in both the galactic disc and halo. The model is validated against non-thermal emission measurements in nearby star-forming galaxies spanning four orders of magnitude in star-formation rate.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Gen Chiaki, John H. Wise
Summary: The multiplicity of metal-free stars may affect their feedback efficiency and subsequent metal enrichment and galaxy formation. Radiative feedback from massive stars triggers nearby star formation in self-shielded clouds. This study compares two local approximations with direct integration of column density and finds that the density gradient approximation is accurate enough for larger volume galaxy simulations. The Jeans length approximation overestimates the column density and leads to enhanced self-shielded, star-forming clumps.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zipeng Hu, Benjamin D. Wibking, Mark R. Krumholz
Summary: Mass-to-flux ratios measured via the Zeeman effect indicate a transition from a sub-critical state to a supercritical state in the formation of molecular clouds. However, the Zeeman measurements are affected by various biases, such as projection and chemical effects, which may not accurately reflect the gravitational and magnetic energies. Simulations show that the mass-to-flux ratios obtained from the observations closely match the actual state, but the gravitational-magnetic energy ratios suggest a mostly supercritical state even in the H i regime. The apparent transition from sub- to supercriticality between H i and H-2 is primarily a result of chemical and excitation biases affecting the Zeeman measurements.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yoshiaki Ono, Yuichi Harikane, Masami Ouchi, Hidenobu Yajima, Makito Abe, Yuki Isobe, Takatoshi Shibuya, John H. Wise, Yechi Zhang, Kimihiko Nakajima, Hiroya Umeda
Summary: We analyze the morphologies of galaxies at z greater than or similar to 9 using JWST/NIRCam 2-5 μm imaging data. Our sample includes 22 galaxy candidates identified with strict criteria in GLASS, CEERS, SMACS J0723, and Stephan's Quintet flanking fields. We perform surface brightness profile fitting for six bright galaxies individually and for stacked faint galaxies, comparing our results with previous studies. We find that the effective radii of our measurements are consistent with those at z similar to 9 and reveal the evolution of galaxies over a wide redshift range.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yuki Isobe, Masami Ouchi, Kimihiko Nakajima, Shinobu Ozaki, Nicolas F. Bouche, John H. Wise, Yi Xu, Eric Emsellem, Haruka Kusakabe, Takashi Hattori, Tohru Nagao, Gen Chiaki, Hajime Fukushima, Yuichi Harikane, Kohei Hayashi, Yutaka Hirai, Ji Hoon Kim, Michael V. Maseda, Kentaro Nagamine, Takatoshi Shibuya, Yuma Sugahara, Hidenobu Yajima, Shohei Aoyama, Seiji Fujimoto, Keita Fukushima, Shun Hatano, Akio K. Inoue, Tsuyoshi Ishigaki, Masahiro Kawasaki, Takashi Kojima, Yutaka Komiyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Koyama, Chien-Hsiu Lee, Akinori Matsumoto, Ken Mawatari, Takashi J. Moriya, Kentaro Motohara, Kai Murai, Moka Nishigaki, Masato Onodera, Yoshiaki Ono, Michael Rauch, Tomoki Saito, Rin Sasaki, Akihiro Suzuki, Tsutomu T. Takeuchi, Hiroya Umeda, Masayuki Umemura, Kuria Watanabe, Kiyoto Yabe, Yechi Zhang
Summary: In this study, the kinematics of six local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) were investigated using observations of Hα emission. It was found that these galaxies are dispersion-dominated systems influenced by inflow and/or outflow. Furthermore, comparisons with other studies revealed that galaxies with lower metallicity, lower stellar mass, and higher specific star formation rate exhibit a stronger dispersion dominance.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Correction
Astronomy & Astrophysics
BoonKiat Oh, Hongjun An, Eun-jin Shin, Ji-hoon Kim, Sungwook E. hong
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)