DIURNAL AND ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF DIRECTIONAL DETECTION RATES OF DARK MATTER

Direction-sensitive direct detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) as dark matter would provide an unambiguous non-gravitational signature of dark matter. The diurnal variation of dark matter signal due to Earth's rotation around its own axis can be a significant signature for Galactic WIMPs. Because of a particular orientation of Earth's axis of rotation with respect to the WIMP wind direction, the apparent direction of WIMP wind as observed at a detector can alter widely in a day. In this work, we calculate the directional detection rates with their daily and yearly modulations in Earth-bound dark matter experiments considering detailed features of the geometry and dynamics of the Earth-Sun system along with the solar motion in a Galactic frame. A separate halo model, namely the dark disk model other than the usual standard halo model for dark matter halo, is also considered and the results for two models are compared. We demonstrate the results for two types of gas detectors, namely DRIFT (target material CS2) and NEWAGE (target material CF4), which use Time Projection Chamber techniques for measuring directionality of the recoil nucleus. The WIMP mass and recoil energy dependence of the daily variation of event rates are computed for a specific detector, and the sensitive ranges of mass and recoil energies for the considered detector are probed.