Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael Y. Grudic, David Guszejnov, Philip F. Hopkins, Stella S. R. Offner, Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere
Summary: STARFORGE is a new numerical framework for 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of star formation, incorporating various stellar feedback mechanisms. It utilizes advanced algorithms and methods to accurately model the formation, evolution, and dynamics of individual stars in massive giant molecular clouds. The model has been shown to scale up to massive GMCs on current supercomputers while accurately predicting the stellar range of the IMF.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. Michael Jennings, Yuan Li
Summary: This study shows that different initial conditions and physical processes have a significant impact on thermal instability, leading to changes in the size, number, and motion of clouds, as well as the possibility of cloud fragmentation and merging under certain conditions. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can also play a crucial role in determining the structure and dynamics of clouds in the interstellar medium.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nirmit Sakre, Asao Habe, Alex R. Pettitt, Takashi Okamoto, Rei Enokiya, Yasuo Fukui, Takashi Hosokawa
Summary: In this study, the effects of magnetic fields on the formation of massive, self-gravitationally bound cores (MBCs) in high-speed cloud-cloud collisions (CCCs) are investigated through magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The results show that magnetic fields hinder the growth of cores, especially in short-duration collisions. This two-fold effect of magnetic fields on the MBC formation in CCCs results in a maximum collision speed for the formation of massive stars.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Wenrui Xu, Matthew W. Kunz
Summary: In this study, the formation and early evolution of a protostellar disc from a magnetized prestellar core are investigated using non-ideal MHD simulations. The results indicate that gravitational instability plays a key role in the spreading of the disc structure and the redistribution of angular momentum within the protostar-disc system. These findings help to explain some important processes in the evolution of protostellar discs.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sajay Sunny Mathew, Christoph Federrath, Amit Seta
Summary: Turbulence is crucial for star formation, but its role in the initial mass function (IMF) is not fully understood. Magnetohydrodynamical simulations reveal that compressive turbulence driving produces a higher fraction of low-mass stars compared to solenoidal driving. The simulations capture the important features of the observed IMF form.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Philipp Girichidis, Thorsten Naab, Stefanie Walch, Thomas Berlok
Summary: Molecular outflows in star-forming galaxies are observed in small and large systems at low and high redshift, but their physical origin is still unclear. High-resolution simulations show that a magnetized wind may trigger H-2 formation in clouds with densities greater than 0.5 cm(-3), converting up to 3% of the initial cloud mass into molecular gas before dispersal.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Patrick Hennebelle
Summary: This paper investigates the role of turbulence in the formation of astrophysical structures through 3D and 1D simulations, providing insights into turbulence behavior and dissipation parameters during collapse. The results show that turbulence amplification or generation depends on the cloud's thermal support, with implications for understanding gravitational collapse dynamics.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Henry B. Lane, Michael Y. Grudic, David Guszejnov, Stella S. R. Offner, Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere, Anna L. Rosen
Summary: Simulating isolated giant molecular clouds is important for studying star formation dynamics, but the initial conditions of turbulence are uncertain. Researchers have developed a new simulation setup that combines advantages of previous methods and found that external driving can significantly suppress star formation.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chia-Jung Hsu, Jonathan C. Tan, Duncan Christie, Yu Cheng, Theo J. O'Neill
Summary: Compression in GMC collisions triggers the formation of massive star clusters and OB associations. We simulate magnetized colliding and non-colliding GMCs to examine the properties of prestellar cores, and find that the core mass function (CMF) in colliding GMCs is top heavy and can be fit by a power-law with alpha ≈ 0.7, while non-colliding GMCs have a CMF closer to the Salpeter mass function, with alpha ≈ 0.8-1.2. Colliding clouds also result in warmer and more disturbed cores that are more likely to be gravitational unbound. The dynamical state of the protocluster formed in GMC-GMC collisions can appear to be supervirial depending on how mass is measured.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mohammad Mahdi Motiei, Mohammad Hosseinirad, Shahram Abbassi
Summary: This paper investigates the gravitational instability of pressure-confined filaments in the presence of a uniform axial magnetic field using logatropic and polytropic equations of state. The results suggest that thinner filaments are more sensitive to magnetic field variations, while an intermediate magnetic field can completely stabilize them. However, this stabilization effect is suppressed for thicker filaments with magnetic field stronger than 70 mu G.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael Y. Grudic, David Guszejnov, Stella S. R. Offner, Anna L. Rosen, Aman N. Raju, Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere, Philip F. Hopkins
Summary: This study analyzes the evolution of the first giant molecular cloud through simulation, focusing on star formation and feedback mechanisms. Findings indicate that protostellar jets, radiation, and winds contribute to cloud dispersal, while supernovae have a limited impact on star formation. The simulation closely resembles reality, but further comparisons with synthetic observations are necessary to constrain theoretical uncertainties.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Madeleine Stewart, Christoph Federrath
Summary: The structure and star formation activity of a molecular cloud are closely related to its internal turbulence. This study develops a new method to accurately measure the turbulent velocity dispersion of a molecular cloud, taking into account the gradient correction. The results show that with the suitable correction factor and appropriate filters, the 3D turbulent velocity dispersion can be recovered, which is crucial for understanding the dynamics of molecular clouds.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Akram Yaghouti
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) at the interface between molecular clouds and H II regions in the interstellar medium (ISM), and identifies ambipolar diffusion (AD) as a significant mechanism in this process. The study shows that AD has a greater impact on KHI in high-velocity flows with large magnetosonic Mach numbers, and is more effective for perturbation wavelengths of less than 1pc. It suggests that AD plays a major role in the formation of small-scale KH structures in regions of high-velocity streams in the ISM.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shuo Kong, David J. Whitworth, Rowan J. Smith, Erika T. Hamden
Summary: A collision-induced magnetic reconnection (CMR) mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of a filament in the Orion A molecular cloud. The mechanism involves the collision of two clouds with antiparallel magnetic fields, resulting in the formation of a dense filament. This filament is capable of forming a star cluster after it collapses.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Glen H. Hunter, Paul C. Clark, Simon C. O. Glover, Ralf S. Klessen
Summary: In this study, the impact of collision speed, magnetic field inclination, and resolution on the star formation rate (SFR) in cloud-cloud collisions is investigated. A factor of 2-3 increase in the SFR is found compared to no collision simulations, with high collisional velocities, parallel magnetic field and collision axis orientation, and lower resolution leading to earlier star formation. The alignment of velocity and magnetic field is consistent in low-density environments but becomes more perpendicular as density increases, indicating the compression of the magnetic field by collapsing gas.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Harry Alexander Charles Wood, Katjana Ehrlich, Stephanos Yerolatsitis, Andras Kufcsak, Tom Michael Quinn, Susan Fernandes, Dominic Norberg, Nia Caitlin Jenkins, Vikki Young, Irene Young, Katie Hamilton, Sohan Seth, Ahsan Akram, Robert Rodrick Thomson, Keith Finlayson, Kevin Dhaliwal, James Morgan Stone
Summary: We have developed an endoscopic probe that integrates three optical fibre technologies to enable real-time optical biopsies in the distal lung. The probe combines high-resolution imaging fibre, multimode fibre for fluorescence spectroscopy, and hollow-core fibre for Raman spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated to be flexible enough to navigate in small loops and can be used in human airways with the help of a bronchoscope.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ellyn K. Baines, Solvay Blomquist, James H. H. Clark III, Jim Gorney, Erin Maier, Jason Sanborn, Henrique R. Schmitt, Jordan M. Stone, Gerard T. van Belle, Kaspar von Braun
Summary: We measured the angular diameters of six stars using the six-element observing mode of the NPOI for the first time since the early 2000s. The diameters of four stars ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 milli-arcseconds (mas), while the remaining two had smaller diameters of approximately 0.5 to 0.7 mas, which are the smallest measured with the NPOI to date. The larger spread in measurements compared to previous modes can be attributed to flux imbalance and crosstalk between multiple baselines.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Philipp Grete, Joshua C. Dolence, Jonah M. Miller, Joshua Brown, Ben Ryan, Andrew Gaspar, Forrest Glines, Sriram Swaminarayan, Jonas Lippuner, Clell J. Solomon, Galen Shipman, Christoph Junghans, Daniel Holladay, James M. Stone, Luke F. Roberts
Summary: This article introduces Parthenon, a performance portable adaptive mesh refinement framework that uses the Kokkos programming model. It demonstrates weak and strong scaling on various architectures and achieves a total of 1.7x10^13 zone-cycles/s on the largest scale. Parthenon is an ideal framework for exascale simulations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Amanda Kiemes, Maria Elisa Serrano Navacerrada, Eugene Kim, Karen Randall, Camilla Simmons, Loreto Rojo Gonzalez, Marija-Magdalena Petrinovic, David J. Lythgoe, Diana Rotaru, Davide Di Censo, Lydiane Hirschler, Emmanuel L. Barbier, Anthony C. Vernon, James M. Stone, Cathy Davies, Diana Cash, Gemma Modinos
Summary: This study found that specific disruption of cortical inhibitory interneurons in mice can reproduce some of the neuroimaging findings in patients with psychosis, linking inhibitory interneuron deficits to non-invasive measures of brain function and neurochemistry that can be used across species.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Vania Tavares, Evangelos Vassos, Andre Marquand, James Stone, Isabel Valli, Gareth J. Barker, Hugo Ferreira, Diana Prata
Summary: This study aimed to predict the transition to psychosis from an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) by using a combination of machine learning, structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), genome-wide genotypes, and environmental risk factors as predictors. The results suggested that none of the modalities alone, namely neuroimaging, genetic data, or environmental data, could predict psychosis from an ARMS statistically better than chance, indicating the need to re-evaluate the value of sMRI data and genome-wide genotypes in predicting psychosis risk.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Minghao Guo, James M. Stone, Chang-Goo Kim, Eliot Quataert
Summary: We present high-resolution, three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the fueling of supermassive black holes in elliptical galaxies, focusing on the case of M87*. The simulations cover a wide range of scales, reaching up to the black hole horizon, and consider radiative cooling and a heating model. Our findings reveal a multiphase gas accretion flow at smaller radii, with both disk and chaotic stages of cold gas accretion. While cold gas dominates the accretion rate at intermediate radii, hot virialized gas takes over at the smallest radii. The accretion rate scales with radius, with values consistent with EHT observations near the event horizon. We propose a subgrid model for lower-resolution simulations to account for the suppressed hot gas accretion rate. Our results also provide realistic initial conditions for black hole accretion simulations at the event horizon scale.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jiahui Huang, Yan-Fei Jiang, Hua Feng, Shane W. Davis, James M. Stone, Matthew J. Middleton
Summary: In this study, global 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations were conducted to investigate accretion onto a 6.62 solar-mass black hole. The simulations revealed that the energy dissipation occurs close to the mid-plane in the near-critical accretion regime and near the disk surface in the low-accretion rate regime. The total radiative luminosity inside the disk was found to be 1%-30% of the Eddington limit, with different radiative efficiencies in different accretion regimes. These findings have important implications for understanding the accretion process and the properties of accretion disks.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Christopher J. White, Patrick D. Mullen, Yan-Fei Jiang, Shane W. Davis, James M. Stone, Viktoriya Morozova, Lizhong Zhang
Summary: We enhance the capabilities of Athena++ in general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) to incorporate radiation simulations. The numerical procedure is described in detail and its correctness is verified using a series of tests. The method is applied to the problem of black hole accretion in the high-accretion-rate, thin-disk regime, and the port of the algorithm to GPU-enabled AthenaK code enables the simulation of previously challenging radiation-GRMHD systems.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kengo Tomida, James M. Stone
Summary: We describe the implementation of multigrid solvers in the Athena++ AMR framework for solving the Poisson equation for self-gravity. The new solvers are built on top of the AMR hierarchy and TaskList framework for efficient parallelization, and various boundary conditions are implemented. The method significantly outperforms fast Fourier transform-based methods on a uniform grid and requires only a small fraction of the computing time of the magnetohydrodynamic solver in Athena++.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kate Merritt, Robert McCutcheon, Andre Aleman, Sarah Ashley, Katherine Beck, Wolfgang Block, Oswald J. N. Bloemen, Faith Borgan, Christiana Boules, Juan R. Bustillo, Aristides Capizzano, Jennifer Q. Coughlin, Anthony David, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Arsime Demjaha, Kara Dempster, Kim Do, Fei E. Du, Peter Falkai, Beata Galinska-Skok, Juergen Gallinat, Charles Gasparovic, Cedric E. Ginestet, Naoki Goto, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Beng-Choon Ho, Oliver Howes, Sameer Jauhar, Peter Jeon, Tadafumi Kato, Charles A. Kaufmann, Lawrence S. Kegeles, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Sang-Young Kim, Bridget King, Hiroshi Kunugi, J. Lauriello, Pablo Leon-Ortiz, Edith Liemburg, Meghan Mcilwain, Gemma Modinos, Elias Mouchlianitis, Jun Nakamura, Igor Nenadic, Dost Ongur, Miho Ota, Lena E. Palaniyappan, Christos Pantelis, Tulsi F. Patel, Eric Plitman, Sotirios R. Posporelis, Scot Purdon, Juergen R. Reichenbach, Perry C. Renshaw, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Bruce A. Russell, Akira Sawa, Martin Schaefer, Dikoma C. Shungu, Stefan Smesny, Jeffrey Stanley, James G. Stone, Agata Szulc, Reggie Taylor, Katharine N. Thakkar, Jean J. Theberge, Philip Tibbo, Therese van Amelsvoort, Jerzy Walecki, Peter Williamson, Stephen Wood, Lijing Xin, Hidenori Yamasue, Philip K. McGuire, Alice Egerton
Summary: This study conducted meta-analyses and found that patients with schizophrenia have greater variability in glutamate metabolites compared to controls in various brain regions, and age and symptoms also influence individual variability.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Natalya Marie Leistiko, Louay Madanat, Wing Kwan Antonia Yeung, James M. Stone
Summary: Binaural beats (BB) are an auditory phenomenon produced by combining two sine waves with slightly different frequencies presented to each ear. Previous research has suggested that BBs may have benefits such as enhanced memory and attention, and reduced anxiety and stress. However, this study found that gamma BBs did not have a significant effect on attention.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Aarynn L. Carter, Sasha Hinkley, Jens Kammerer, Andrew Skemer, Beth A. Biller, Jarron M. Leisenring, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Simon Petrus, Jordan M. Stone, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Jason J. Wang, Julien H. Girard, Dean C. Hines, Marshall D. Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, William O. Balmer, Mariangela Bonavita, Mickael Bonnefoy, Gael Chauvin, Elodie Choquet, Valentin Christiaens, Camilla Danielski, Grant M. Kennedy, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Brittany E. Miles, Polychronis Patapis, Shrishmoy Ray, Emily Rickman, Steph Sallum, Karl R. Stapelfeldt, Niall Whiteford, Yifan Zhou, Olivier Absil, Anthony Boccaletti, Mark Booth, Brendan P. Bowler, Christine H. Chen, Thayne Currie, Jonathan J. Fortney, Carol A. Grady, Alexandra Z. Greebaum, Thomas Henning, Kielan K. W. Hoch, Markus Janson, Paul Kalas, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Pierre Kervella, Adam L. Kraus, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Michael C. Liu, Bruce Macintosh, Sebastian Marino, Mark S. Marley, Christian Marois, Brenda C. Matthews, Dimitri Mawet, Michael W. McElwain, Stanimir Metchev, Michael R. Meyer, Paul Molliere, Sarah E. Moran, Caroline Morley, Sagnick Mukherjee, Eric Pantin, Andreas Quirrenbach, Isabel Rebollido, Bin B. Ren, Glenn Schneider, Malavika Vasist, Kadin Worthen, Mark C. Wyatt, Zackery W. Briesemeister, Marta L. Bryan, Per Calissendorff, Faustine Cantalloube, Gabriele Cugno, Matthew De Furio, Trent J. Dupuy, Samuel M. Factor, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Kyle Franson, Eileen C. Gonzales, Callie E. Hood, Alex R. Howe, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Anne-Marie Lagrange, Kellen Lawson, Cecilia Lazzoni, Ben W. P. Lew, Pengyu Liu, Jorge Llop-Sayson, James P. Lloyd, Raquel A. Martinez, Johan Mazoyer, Paulina Palma-Bifani, Sascha P. Quanz, Jea Adams Redai, Matthias Samland, Joshua E. Schlieder, Motohide Tamura, Xianyu Tan, Taichi Uyama, Arthur Vigan, Johanna M. Vos, Kevin Wagner, Schuyler G. Wolff, Marie Ygouf, Xi Zhang, Keming Zhang, Zhoujian Zhang
Summary: This study presents the first observations of the super-Jupiter exoplanet HIP 65426b using JWST, providing spectroscopic and mass information of the planet.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Psychiatry
Viktoriya Nikolova, Anthony Cleare, Allan Young, James Stone
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James Stone
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Morgan Hadley, Alicia Halliday, James M. Stone
Summary: Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is rare in hallucinogen users, and it is associated with trait neuroticism. The study found that 39.7% of respondents reported symptoms corresponding to Type I HPPD, and 4.3% reported symptoms corresponding to Type II HPPD. Individuals with Type II HPPD were more likely to report mental health symptoms and the use of specific drugs.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
(2023)
