Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bertram Bitsch, Sean N. Raymond, Lars A. Buchhave, Aaron Bello-Arufe, Alexander D. Rathcke, Aaron David Schneider
Summary: In the pebble accretion scenario, the position of growing planetary cores relative to the water ice line plays a key role in determining the water content of inner planets. Pebbles blocked outside the water ice line result in a dry inner disk, while those blocked inside release water vapor, leading to wetter inner planets.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. Bergez-Casalou, B. Bitsch, S. N. Raymond
Summary: In this study, it is found that the presence of a second planet affects the gas accretion process of both planets when they are accreting from the same disk. The mass ratio of the planets depends on gap formation. If both planets start accreting at the same time, their masses end up being very similar. Delaying the onset of accretion of one planet allows for initially larger mass ratios, but they quickly converge to similar masses. To reproduce the diverse observed mass ratios of exoplanets, the planets must start accreting gas at different times and their accretion must be stopped quickly after the beginning of runaway gas accretion.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bertram Bitsch, Aaron David Schneider, Laura Kreidberg
Summary: By studying the observations and simulations of hot Jupiters, researchers have found that the abundances of exoplanet atmospheres can reveal the planet formation pathway. Different species evaporate and condense during planet formation, leading to distinct atmospheric compositions and influencing the C/O ratio. The evaporation of pebbles and the viscosity parameter of the disk are identified as key factors in determining planetary composition.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
N. Oberg, I. Kamp, S. Cazaux, P. Woitke, W. F. Thi
Summary: This study aims to explore the process of ice formation in circumplanetary disks (CPDs) and constrain the properties of the disk that are consistent with the formation of icy moon systems. The results show that ice can form efficiently in CPDs, and three-body reactions play an important role in water formation. The dust in the CPD midplane needs to be depleted by a factor of 10-50 compared to the circumstellar disk to produce solids with the desired ice to rock ratio of the Galilean satellites. The snowline of the CPD is not affected by radial grain drift, indicating a primordial compositional gradient in the Galilean satellites.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lucas M. Jordan, Wilhelm Kley, Giovanni Picogna, Francesco Marzari
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of disks in close binaries, focusing on factors such as disk eccentricity and precession rate. Simulation results show that radiative disks in close binaries become eccentric after an initialization phase, with a slow retrograde precession and generally coherent, rigid precession. The study confirms the robustness of results through a parameter study for different numerical parameters.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tommy Chi Ho Lau, Joanna Drazkowska, Sebastian M. Stammler, Tilman Birnstiel, Cornelis P. Dullemond
Summary: Research has found that pressure bumps in protoplanetary disks provide favorable locations for the emergence and rapid growth of planetary cores through pebble accretion, due to increased dust density, grain size, and reduced pebble accretion onset mass.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ryuki Hyodo, Tristan Guillot, Shigeru Ida, Satoshi Okuzumi, Andrew N. Youdin
Summary: This study investigates the local pile-up of silicate dust and pebbles around the snow line, providing insights into the disk conditions for solid accumulation inside and outside the snow line with different parameters.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ayumu Kuwahara, Hiroyuki Kurokawa, Takayuki Tanigawa, Shigeru Ida
Summary: This study investigates the potential of gas flow induced by low-mass planets to shape the rings and gaps in dust profiles in protoplanetary disks. The results show that the gas outflow toward the outside of the planetary orbit inhibits the radial drift of dust, leading to dust accumulation (the dust ring), while the outflow toward the inside of the planetary orbit enhances the inward drift of dust, causing dust depletion around the planetary orbit (the dust gap). It is suggested that these gas flows induced by low-mass, non-gas-gap-opening planets could be a possible explanation for observed dust substructures in disks.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bertram Bitsch, Jingyi Mah
Summary: Giant exoplanets have a higher heavy-element content than the Solar System giants. Previous theories, including collisions between planets and accretion of gas enriched in solids, could not explain both the heavy-element content and the volatile-to-refractory ratios in the atmospheres. This study combines gas accretion with vapor and small micrometre-sized dust grains and presents detailed models to explain the observed heavy-element content.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Rendon Restrepo, P. Barge
Summary: This study investigates the evolution and stability of vortices in protoplanetary discs, particularly under the influence of their own gravity. The study finds that the size and morphology of the vortices affect their stability, and the disc's Toomre parameter and temperature play crucial roles in vortex survival. Through numerical simulations, it is discovered that self-gravitating vortices can persist for hundreds of rotations and specific stability criteria are identified. These findings provide important insights into understanding vortices in protoplanetary discs.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
O. Schib, C. Mordasini, R. Helled
Summary: This article investigates the orbital migration and gas accretion processes of planets in protoplanetary discs. The authors develop a simple prescription for migration and accretion in 1D disc models, calibrated with results from 3D hydrodynamic simulations. The results show that the 1D model is in good agreement with the 3D simulations for a range of parameters.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Paola Pinilla, Christian T. Lenz, Sebastian M. Stammler
Summary: Recent laboratory experiments show that lower fragmentation velocities of icy dust particles can impact planet formation, making it difficult for pebble-sized particles to form in protoplanetary disks. By studying dust evolution models and observing protoplanetary disks, a better understanding of the basic features and structures of these disks can be gained through different combinations of particle and gas diffusion parameters.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Pinilla, N. T. Kurtovic, M. Benisty, C. F. Manara, A. Natta, E. Sanchis, M. Tazzari, S. M. Stammler, L. Ricci, L. Testi
Summary: The frequency of Earth-sized planets in habitable zones appears to be higher around M-dwarfs, making these systems exciting laboratories to investigate planet formation. Observations of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs remain challenging and little is known about their properties. The characteristics of the disk around CIDA 1 challenge current dust evolution models, particularly processes like fragmentation, growth, and diffusion of particles inside pressure bumps.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alexander J. Dittmann
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of angular momentum transport around rotating stars and planets, finding that the rate of angular momentum transport through the boundary layer decreases by 1-3 orders of magnitude at certain rotation rates. The accretion rate through the boundary layer also decreases, becoming less variable for faster rotating objects. These results provide a hydrodynamic mechanism for limiting the spins of accreting planets and stars to factors of a few less than the break-up speed.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hossam Aly, Jean-Francois Gonzalez, Rebecca Nealon, Cristiano Longarini, Giuseppe Lodato, Daniel J. Price
Summary: Gas and dust in inclined orbits around binaries experience precession induced by binary gravitational torque, leading to density enhancements called "dust traffic jams" where weakly coupled dust alters radial drift. These traffic jams exist at different disc inclinations and binary eccentricities, providing significant dust density enhancements and playing a crucial role in the evolution of dust disc angular momentum.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Leandro Esteves, Andra Izidoro, Bertram Bitsch, Seth A. Jacobson, Sean N. Raymond, Rogerio Deienno, Othon C. Winter
Summary: The study suggests that perfect accretion is a suitable approximation for dynamic purposes in the scenario described. Despite common fragmentation events, only around 10% of the system mass is fragmented during a typical 'late instability phase', with most fragments being reacreted by surviving planets. The limited total mass in fragments proves insufficient to qualitatively alter the final system dynamical configuration compared to simulations where fragmentation is disregarded.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andre Izidoro, Rajdeep Dasgupta, Sean N. Raymond, Rogerio Deienno, Bertram Bitsch, Andrea Isella
Summary: Astronomical observations have shown that pressure bumps in protoplanetary disks can lead to the formation of rings of planetesimals, which may have played a key role in shaping the Solar System. These pressure bumps can cause dust particles to accumulate and form rings of planetesimals at specific locations near certain temperature transition lines, providing a possible explanation for the orbital structure of the inner Solar System and the isotopic signatures of Earth, Mars, and meteorites.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nuria Miret-Roig, Herve Bouy, Sean N. Raymond, Motohide Tamura, Emmanuel Bertin, David Barrado, Javier Olivares, Phillip A. B. Galli, Jean-Charles Cuillandre, Luis Manuel Sarro, Angel Berihuete, Nuria Huelamo
Summary: The nature and origin of free-floating planets remain largely unconstrained, but new discoveries of FFPs have been made. A significant number of FFPs have been found in the closest young OB association to the Sun. Other formation mechanisms may be more important than previously thought, possibly surpassing the role of core collapse.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sean N. Raymond, Andre Izidoro, Emeline Bolmont, Caroline Dorn, Franck Selsis, Martin Turbet, Eric Agol, Patrick Barth, Ludmila Carone, Rajdeep Dasgupta, Michael Gillon, Simon L. Grimm
Summary: The study uses the fragile orbital structure of the TRAPPIST-1 system to place robust upper limits on the planets' bombardment histories, indicating that the growth of TRAPPIST-1 planets was completed faster than Earth. This suggests that any large water reservoirs on these planets must have been incorporated during their formation in the gaseous disk.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anastasios Gkotsinas, Aurelie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Sean N. Raymond, David Nesvorny
Summary: This study explores the thermal and dynamical evolution of Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) from their departure from outer solar system reservoirs to their ejection into interstellar space. Statistical analysis indicates that all simulated JFCs undergo multiple heating episodes due to the stochastic nature of comet trajectories towards the inner solar system, leading to significant modifications of their initial volatile contents. The findings suggest that primordial condensed hypervolatile ices are entirely lost in the layers contributing to cometary activity observed today.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Matthew S. Clement, Sean N. Raymond, Dimitri Veras, David Kipping
Summary: Researchers propose that an advanced alien civilization could use orbital resonances between planets to create a durable signpost that indicates their existence. They built four multiresonant planetary systems and tested their stability, finding that three of the sequences could potentially serve as Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) beacons.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beibei Liu, Sean N. Raymond, Seth A. Jacobson
Summary: Recent studies suggest that the orbital structure of the Solar System may have been shaped by the dispersal of the gaseous disk, triggering instability among the giant planets. This early giant planet instability likely influenced the formation of terrestrial planets and could explain the smaller mass of Mars compared to Earth.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Boccaletti, C. Cossou, P. Baudoz, P. O. Lagage, D. Dicken, A. Glasse, D. C. Hines, J. Aguilar, O. Detre, B. Nickson, A. Noriega-Crespo, A. Gaspar, A. Labiano, C. Stark, D. Rouan, J. M. Reess, G. S. Wright, G. Rieke, M. Garcia Marin, C. Lajoie, J. Girard, M. Perrin, R. Soummer, L. Pueyo
Summary: This study presents the first on-sky contrast measurements of the MIRI coronagraphs, which have the capability to provide unique spatially resolved photometric data points for directly imaged exoplanets. The results show that the raw contrasts achieved by the MIRI coronagraphs are consistent with simulation expectations, with values better than 10^-3 at small angular separations and about 10^-5 at farther distances. Subtracting the residual diffracted light can potentially bring the final contrast down to the noise floor. The study also identifies a variation in phase aberrations at the primary mirror as the likely cause of the worst contrast, indicating that it is not an issue with the coronagraph itself.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anastasios Gkotsinas, Aurelie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Sean N. Raymond
Summary: One common approximation in the study of long-term evolution of small bodies is the use of circular orbits that average the actual eccentric ones. This allows for the coupling of processes with different timescales. In this study, various averaging schemes for elliptic orbits were tested in the context of comet evolution, aiming to identify the best scheme for reproducing the heating patterns and temperature distributions. The findings suggest that time-averaging schemes are more suitable than spatial-averaging ones, with circular orbits created by time averaging being a powerful tool for averaging elliptic orbits.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Aurelie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Anastasios Gkotsinas, Sean N. Raymond, David Nesvorny
Summary: A gateway in the orbital parameter space has been proposed as the means through which Centaurs transition to Jupiter-family comets. However, this study shows that gateway Centaurs are actually more thermally processed than the rest of the Centaur population crossing Jupiter's orbit. Only approximately 20% of Centaurs pass through this gateway before becoming JFCs, and many JFCs have already been JFCs before entering the gateway.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sean N. Raymond, Dimitri Veras, Matthew S. Clement, Andre Izidoro, David Kipping, Victoria Meadows
Summary: Co-orbital systems are composed of two or more bodies that share the same orbit around a planet or star. Tadpoles and horseshoes are the most well-known types of co-orbital systems. This study uses N-body simulations to explore the parameter space of horseshoe systems with multiple planets. The results show that up to 24 equal-mass, Earth-mass planets can share a stable orbit at 1 au and exhibit complex horseshoe oscillations.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sean N. Raymond, Dimitri Veras, Matthew S. Clement, Andre Izidoro, David Kipping, Victoria Meadows
Summary: In co-orbital planetary systems, the stability of co-orbital rings of planets is tested under the influence of outside forces. Two setups are tested: stationary rings of equally spaced planets along their orbit, and horseshoe constellation systems where planets undergo horseshoe librations. Results show that a single rogue planet with sufficient mass can disrupt a co-orbital ring system, and stationary rings are more resistant to perturbations than horseshoe constellations. Over time, any co-orbital ring system will be perturbed into becoming a horseshoe constellation or become completely destabilized.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Driss Takir, Wladimir Neumann, Sean N. N. Raymond, Joshua P. P. Emery, Mario Trieloff
Summary: Low-albedo asteroids in the mid-outer main belt have similar spectral features and compositions as Ceres, suggesting they share a common origin. These Ceres-like asteroids have highly porous interiors and were accreted relatively late in the Solar System's history. They are localized in a confined heliocentric region and were likely implanted into the main belt during the giant planet's dynamical instability.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Arnaud Salvador, Guillaume Avice, Doris Breuer, Cedric Gillmann, Helmut Lammer, Emmanuel Marcq, Sean N. Raymond, Haruka Sakuraba, Manuel Scherf, M. J. Way
Summary: The current state and surface conditions of Earth and Venus differ greatly, with water playing a key role in these differences. This chapter reviews the outcomes of the accretion sequence and discusses the early thermo-chemical evolution of molten terrestrial planets and its impact on the abundance and distribution of water. The implications of these findings for the surface conditions and habitability are discussed, and future research directions and observations are proposed to further understand the evolution of Venus.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. D. Klaassen, V. C. Geers, S. M. Beard, A. D. O'Brien, C. Cossou, R. Gastaud, A. Coulais, J. Schreiber, P. J. Kavanagh, M. Topinka, R. Azzollini, W. De Meester, J. Bouwman, A. C. H. Glasse, A. M. Glauser, D. R. Law, M. Cracraft, K. Murray, B. Sargent, O. C. Jones, G. S. Wright
Summary: MIRISIM is a software designed to simulate the observations of the MIRI instrument on the JWST, helping in instrument calibration and user familiarization with real data. The software accurately models detectors, slicers, distortions, noise sources, and even allows the creation of astronomical scenes for simulation purposes.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)