Article
Soil Science
Shulan Zhao, Xue Bai, Mengdi Mou, Lian Duo
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of carbon nanomaterials on the abundance and diversity of soil nematodes. The presence of carbon nanomaterials significantly increased the abundance of total nematodes and plant parasites. Graphene and graphene oxide increased the numbers of bacterivores, while carbon nanotubes decreased the values of nematode community parameters.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. J. Grote, C. C. Nieman, A. R. Morgan, K. P. Coffey, D. Philipp, E. B. Kegley, J. L. Edwards
Summary: Tall fescue is the main grazing forage in the mid-south and has a symbiotic relationship with an endophytic fungus that produces ergot alkaloids causing fescue toxicosis. Condensed tannins have been found to bind to ergot alkaloids and prevent toxicosis symptoms.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Taylor D. Ferguson, Eric S. Vanzant, Kyle R. McLeod
Summary: Endophyte-infected fescue is a major cool season forage used for livestock production in the United States and other areas, with a symbiotic relationship with an endophytic fungus that produces toxic ergot alkaloids harmful to herbivores. While past research focused on phenotypic changes in livestock affected by ergot alkaloids, recent studies have revealed that fescue toxicity-related illnesses are more complex than previously thought, as shown through metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome investigations.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Edward J. Raynor, Heidi L. Hillhouse, Diane M. Debinski, James R. Miller, Walter H. Schacht
Summary: The study examined the impact of grazing pressure and time since fire on patch utilization and production in experimental grassland pastures dominated by the invasive grass tall fescue. It was found that recently burned patches showed greater initial patch-scale utilization, leading to reduced tall fescue production, especially under high grazing pressure. Although increased grazing promoted native grass production in the invaded grassland landscape, the dominance of tall fescue mediated the lack of structural heterogeneity induced by patch-level prescribed fire and grazing.
Article
Microbiology
Aino Kalske, Kari Saikkonen, Marjo Helander
Summary: Vertically transmitted endophytic fungi can mitigate salinity effects on host grass and alter competitive interactions. Experimentally, tall fescue plants without endophytic fungi grew larger under salt treatment, but there was no difference in control treatment. In the common garden, plants without endophytic fungi grew taller and were more likely to flower, but no difference was observed under salinity or competition conditions.
Article
Microbiology
Kishan Mahmud, Kendall Lee, Nicholas S. Hill, Anaas Mergoum, Ali Missaoui
Summary: The symbiotic relationship between tall fescue and fungal endophyte leads to significant shifts in soil fungal communities, potentially enhancing tall fescue performance, particularly in terms of plant-available phosphorus.
Article
Agronomy
Kathryn M. Payne, S. Ray Smith, Ben M. Goff
Summary: The study found that late summer application of nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the yield and nutritive value of stockpiled tall fescue. There were no significant differences in forage yield and nutritive value among different enhanced efficiency N formulations and untreated urea. Overall, nitrogen applied in August improved forage yield and nutritive value regardless of the nitrogen source.
Article
Plant Sciences
X. Y. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Dai, Y. He, C. X. Li, P. Mao, X. R. Ma
Summary: The study found that under temperature stress, the transcription factor genes of tall fescue showed differential expression patterns, with bZIP and GTF family members up-regulated under both heat and cold conditions, while most WRKY and NAC family members showed decreased expression. TFs play important roles in pathways such as 'Plant hormone signal transduction', 'Plant-pathogen interaction', and 'Circadian rhythm'.
Article
Environmental Sciences
ShaoFan Zuo, Shuai Hu, JinLiang Rao, Qin Dong, ZhaoLong Wang
Summary: Phytoexcretion is a novel strategy to remediate cadmium pollution by leaf excretion in tall fescue, and the promotion of Cd leaf excretion by zinc concentrations is concentration-dependent. Treatment with 90 μM of Zn can serve as a threshold to enhance Cd leaf excretion and improve the efficiency of Cd phytoexcretion in tall fescue.
Article
Plant Sciences
Md. Shofiqul Islam, Nick Krom, Taegun Kwon, Guifen Li, Malay C. Saha
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes in tall fescue under different temperatures through RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that there were fewer differentially expressed genes in the morning freezing conditions and more in the evening cold conditions. Additionally, the study found that the cold tolerance of tall fescue might be related to some orthologous genes of rice.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sarah C. Finch, Nicola G. Webb, John S. Munday, Jan M. Sprosen, Vanessa M. Cave
Summary: Epichloe endophytes in grass associations produce secondary metabolites that impact the health of grazing animals and insect pests. Commercialized endophyte-perennial ryegrass associations have shown success, but further research is needed for better production. Different endophytes expressed different secondary metabolites, such as lolines, which are safe for animals and effective against insects. The safety of consuming animal products derived from livestock grazing on the novel pasture is also important. A study on mice consuming AR501 endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass seed showed no food safety concerns, despite the presence of various secondary metabolites.
Article
Agronomy
Javier A. Fernandez, Gilles Lemaire, Gilles Belanger, Francois Gastal, David Makowski, Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Summary: The study reanalyzed plant nitrogen status data of tall fescue, revised the critical nitrogen dilution curve, and suggested that increasing the number of experiments can reduce uncertainty, with a minimum of five studies needed for accurate coefficient estimation with the Bayesian method.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
X. Zhang, Y. Gao, L. Zhuang, Q. Hu, B. Huang
Summary: Phosphatidic acid and hydrogen peroxide can enhance plant tolerance to heat stress, and the H2O2 scavenging molecule DMTU suppresses the positive effects of phosphatidic acid. H2O2 significantly up-regulates the expression levels of genes encoding the PA synthesizing enzyme FaPLD delta.
Article
Entomology
Hailong Zhao, Zeng Zhu, Gaoliang Xing, Yiyu Li, Xue Zhou, Jingjing Wang, Guiting Li, Haiqun Cao, Yong Huang
Summary: The Hox gene Dfd plays an important role in the development of incisor lobes and feeding behavior in the oriental armyworm, but its function in the fall armyworm is unclear. This study found that knockdown of the Dfd gene resulted in malformed mandibles with no incisor lobe in the oriental armyworm, affecting its feeding pattern. However, the knockdown of Dfd did not have the same effect on the fall armyworm. These findings broaden our knowledge of the function of Dfd in mandibles and feeding behavior in insects.
Article
Agronomy
Marco Schiavon, Cristina Pornaro, Stefano Macolino
Summary: The study aimed to determine the minimal nitrogen requirements for maintaining turfgrass quality in order to reduce nitrogen fertilization inputs and mitigate potential environmental impacts in the European Union. The results indicated that well-adapted tall fescue cultivars in Northern Italy could be fertilized at 75 kg N ha(-1) year(-1).