Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paul M. Ridker, Manas Rane
Summary: IL-6 is a pivotal cytokine in innate immunity with a proatherogenic role in cardiovascular disease. Research has explored mechanisms of IL-6 signaling, murine models, and human epidemiological data regarding its utility as a biomarker of vascular risk.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Thomas Kuntzel, Caroline Spenle, Lucas D. Pham-Van, Dafni Birmpili, Aurelien Riou, Aurore Loeuillet, Imane Charmarke-Askar, Dominique Bagnard
Summary: IL-10 exerts anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory roles through its interaction with the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R), which consists of two subunits (IL-10R alpha and IL-10R beta). This study explores the activation patterns of IL-10R and the potential of targeting its transmembrane domain (TM) using peptide mimics. The results demonstrate the involvement of the TM domains from both subunits in receptor activation and suggest that targeting the TM domain could be a new strategy for modulating inflammation.
Article
Immunology
Jiaquan Chen, Weilun Wang, Qihong Ni, Lan Zhang, Xiangjiang Guo
Summary: This study identified differential genes between CD11c+ and CD11c- plaque macrophages, and found that expression of Il6 induced macrophage polarization. Furthermore, pharmaceutical suppression of Il6 attenuated the formation and progression of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Noha Ahmed Edris, Basma Emad Aboulhoda, Shimaa Saad El-Din, Amina Mahmoud Fouad, Emad Albadawi, Laila Ahmed Rashed, Kareem Bakr Elessawy
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathway and its downstream effector chemokine genes in the pathogenesis of chronic dacryocystitis. It was found that TLR2, TLR4, and c-FOS gene expressions were significantly increased in the chronic dacryocystitis group, accompanied by an increase in their downstream effector chemokine genes CCL2, CCL4, and CXCL3.
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Ruihan Xiao, Chunyan Lei, Yi Zhang, Meixia Zhang
Summary: This article comprehensively reviews the biological functions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its mechanisms in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases. It also summarizes the potential application of drugs targeting IL-6 and its receptor in the treatment of retinal diseases, providing new ideas for their treatment.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yuchen Hua, Jinjie Wu, Hongfeng Wu, Cheng Su, Xiangfeng Li, Qiang Ao, Qin Zeng, Xiangdong Zhu, Xingdong Zhang
Summary: The study reveals that HANPs can induce TLR4 signaling activation and synergize with LPS to promote macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype, as well as to abolish immune tolerance in response to repeated LPS stimulation.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Melina B. Cian, Joshua A. Mettlach, Aaron E. Zahn, Nicole P. Giordano, Keaton E. Minor, Michael McClelland, Zachary D. Dalebroux
Summary: The three cardiolipin (CL) synthase genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium work cooperatively to promote intracellular survival and inflammasome activation in macrophages, but do not affect inflammatory cytokine production downstream of Tlr4 or virulence in C57BL/6J mice.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hyun Ju Lee, Hyeon Ji Kim, Jung Hwa Ko, Joo Youn Oh
Summary: The depletion of CD11b(hi)Ly6G(hi) or CD11b(hi)Ly6C(hi)Ly6G(lo) cells aggravates corneal nerve loss in response to sterile corneal injury, while IL-6 neutralization preserves corneal nerves and reduces myeloid cell recruitment. The TLR2-IL-6 axis drives corneal nerve loss, and corneal stromal fibroblasts are involved in this process.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tomoyuki Hioki, Haruhiko Tokuda, Gen Kuroyanagi, Woo Kim, Junko Tachi, Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki, Hiroki Iida, Osamu Kozawa
Summary: The study revealed that olive oil polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, attenuated the synthesis of M-CSF and IL-6 in osteoblasts by inhibiting TNF-α signaling through Akt and p44/p42 MAP kinase pathways. These polyphenols did not significantly affect cell viability.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Lin, Wenwen Zhang, Luyao Liu, Weibo Li, Yafei Li, Bo Li
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of tumor cell-derived alpha-enolase (ENO1) in the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages during oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. ENO1 promoted tumor cell migration and invasion by orchestrating IL-6 secretion of macrophages via a dual mechanism, thus forming a positive feedback loop to promote OSCC progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sabrina Solorzano, Jisoo Kim, Jichun Chen, Xingmin Feng, Neal S. Young
Summary: The study reveals that IL-6, TLR2, and TLR4 have limited roles in immune-mediated BMF in mice, while adaptive immunity appears to be the major contributor to the disease.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilias Giannakodimos, Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana, Dimosthenis Lykouras, Kiriakos Karkoulias, Sotiris Tsakas
Summary: The newly identified virus SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic, showing similarities with MERS and SARS. IL-6 plays a key role in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19, with TCZ being a viable therapeutic option.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Chih-Yu Yang, Pu-Yuan Chang, Jun-Yi Chen, Bo-Sheng Wu, An-Hang Yang, Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
Summary: The study demonstrates the superior therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) over bone marrow-derived stem cells in treating peritoneal fibrosis by modulating the polarization of M2 macrophages. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by stem cells plays a crucial role in promoting M2 macrophage polarization.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fan Yang, Zhenqiang He, Hao Duan, Duo Zhang, Juehui Li, Huijuan Yang, Jay F. Dorsey, Wei Zou, S. Ali Nabavizadeh, Stephen J. Bagley, Kalil Abdullah, Steven Brem, Lin Zhang, Xiaowei Xu, Katelyn T. Byrne, Robert H. Vonderheide, Yanqing Gong, Yi Fan
Summary: This study demonstrates that IL-6 blockade, in combination with a CD40 agonist, overcomes macrophage-mediated immunosuppression and sensitizes glioblastoma to immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical models, providing promising opportunities for GBM and other solid tumors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elena Obrador, Rosario Salvador-Palmer, Blanca Pellicer, Rafael Lopez-Blanch, J. Antoni Sirerol, Juan I. Villaescusa, Alegria Montoro, Ryan W. Dellinger, Jose M. Estrela
Summary: The combination of natural polyphenols PT and SIL with radiomitigators NR and FSL1 can effectively protect animals from ionizing radiation.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Federica Zotta, Marina Vivarelli, Francesco Emma
Summary: Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is rare and mainly affects preadolescent children, with corticosteroids being the mainstay of treatment. Many patients require second-line therapy to reduce drug side effects and maintain remission as long as possible.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Arena, Eugenia Belcastro, Antonella Accardo, Annamaria Sandomenico, Olivia Pagliarosi, Elisabetta Rosa, Stefania Petrini, Libenzio Adrian Conti, Ezio Giorda, Tiziana Corsetti, Riccardo Schiaffini, Giancarlo Morelli, Alessandra Fierabracci
Summary: Autoimmune endocrine disorders such as type 1 diabetes and thyroiditis currently rely on hormone replacement therapy, highlighting the need for personalized immunotherapeutic strategies targeting T and B lymphocytes. This study improved upon a personalized immunotherapeutic approach by functionalizing liposomes with Rituximab antibody, specifically targeting B lymphocytes in conditions like type 1 diabetes. The results showed that these functionalized liposomes had a significant inhibitory effect on the function of B lymphocytes, suggesting potential applicability for personalized immunotherapy in other autoimmune disorders where B lymphocytes are the primary pathogenic immune cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Pagnotta, Antonella Tramutola, Eugenio Barone, Fabio Di Domenico, Valeria Pittala, Loredana Salerno, Valentina Folgiero, Matteo Caforio, Franco Locatelli, Stefania Petrini, D. Allan Butterfield, Marzia Perluigi
Summary: This study focuses on the role of BACH1/NRF2 ratio in the regulation of antioxidant response and its impact on patients with Down syndrome. The results show that overexpression of BACH1 disrupts the induction of antioxidant response genes, leading to oxidative damage accumulation. Additionally, administration of CAPE and VP961 promotes NRF2 nuclear translocation in cells from Down syndrome patients, improving antioxidant response.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Matko Marlais, Tanja Wlodkowski, Nikoleta Printza, Dorothea Kronsteiner, Regina Krisam, Lukas Sauer, Marina Aksenova, Isa Ashoor, Atif Awan, Justine Bacchetta, Ramnath Balasubramanian, Biswanath Basu, Zivile Bekassy, Olivia Boyer, Eugene Yu-hin Chan, Dagmar Csaicsich, Stephane Decramer, Eiske Dorresteijn, Magdalena Drozynska-Duklas, Loai Akram Eid, Laura Espinosa, Veronica Ferraris, Hana Flogelova, Jessica Forero-Delgadillo, Alessandra Gianviti, Valentina Gracchi, Mercedes Lopez Gonzalez, Matthias Hansen, Motoshi Hattori, Xu Hong, Nakysa Hooman, Dmytro Ivanov, Hee Gyung Kang, Vasiliki Karava, Ina Kazyra, Adrian Lungu, Stephen Marks, Andrew Maxted, Anna Moczulska, Rebekka Mueller, Tatiana Nastausheva, Mattia Parolin, Carmine Pecoraro, Iliana Principi, Cheryl Sanchez-Kazi, Seha Saygili, Raphael Schild, Mohan Shenoy, Rajiv Sinha, Ana Paula Spizzirri, Maria Stack, Maria Szczepanska, Alexey Tsygin, Julia Tzeng, Vaidotas Urbonas, Carlos Zapata, Jakub Zieg, Franz Schaefer, Marina Vivarelli, Kjell Tullus
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Agnes Trautmann, Olivia Boyer, Elisabeth Hodson, Arvind Bagga, Debbie S. Gipson, Susan Samuel, Jack Wetzels, Khalid Alhasan, Sushmita Banerjee, Rajendra Bhimma, Melvin Bonilla-Felix, Francisco Cano, Martin Christian, Deirdre Hahn, Hee Gyung Kang, Koichi Nakanishi, Hesham Safouh, Howard Trachtman, Hong Xu, Wendy Cook, Marina Vivarelli, Dieter Haffner
Summary: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a common pediatric glomerular disease, and patients who are sensitive to steroids have a risk of relapse and may require long-term medication to maintain remission. The optimal dose and duration of steroid treatment to prolong time between relapses are still debated, and there is variation in practice regarding drug selection and timing. Therefore, international evidence-based clinical practice recommendations are needed to guide treatment and reduce practice variation.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Transplantation
Olivia Boyer, Agnes Trautmann, Dieter Haffner, Marina Vivarelli
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Lucchetti, Antonio Gatto, Alessandra Gianviti, Marina Vivarelli, Francesco Emma, Laura Massella
Summary: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of two different steroid regimens in patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome over a 24-month follow-up period. The results showed that there was no difference in cumulative prednisone dosage between the two regimens at 12 and 24 months, but patients treated with the 8-week regimen had a lower relapse rate at 6 and 12 months.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flavia Trionfetti, Vanessa Marchant, Guadalupe. T. T. Gonzalez-Mateo, Edyta Kawka, Laura Marquez-Exposito, Alberto Ortiz, Manuel Lopez-Cabrera, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Raffaele Strippoli
Summary: The global incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, leading to a significant number of CKD patients developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and requiring kidney replacement therapies (KRT). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a convenient home therapy for KRT, but it can lead to damage of the peritoneal membrane (PM) due to the exposure to PD fluids containing high concentrations of glucose or other osmotic agents. This damage involves inflammation and fibrosis, which can be worsened by peritonitis episodes. In this article, we review the role of immune cells in PM damage during KRT and infections, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of current clinical treatments for CKD patients in KRT and their potential effect on preserving PM integrity. Additionally, we discuss the implications of COVID-19 in CKD and KRT.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Saverio La Bella, Armando Di Ludovico, Giulia Di Donato, Giovanna Scorrano, Francesco Chiarelli, Marina Vivarelli, Luciana Breda
Summary: Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are primarily caused by dysfunctions in single genes encoding for proteins involved in innate immunity regulation. Renal health is frequently affected by unprovoked inflammation due to the deposition of amyloid A (AA) fibrils in the glomeruli. AA amyloidosis, caused by elevated levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) and a genetic predisposition, is the most common form of amyloidosis in children. This review focuses on describing the renal implications in pediatric patients with inflammasomopathies, type-I interferonopathies, and other rare AIDs, aiming to improve their clinical course and quality of life.
Article
Pediatrics
Aleksandra Zurowska, Magdalena Drozynska-Duklas, Rezan Topaloglu, Antonia Bouts, Olivia Boyer, Mohan Shenoy, Marina Vivarelli
Summary: There is limited information on the association between rituximab and hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). A survey showed that most pediatric nephrology units have different practices in recognizing and managing RTX-associated HGG and its morbidity and mortality. HGG was observed in 80% of children with severe infections, highlighting the need for mandatory screening for HGG in children treated with RTX.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Luca Antonucci, Manuela Colucci, Francesco Emma, Marina Vivarelli
Summary: This case demonstrates that TRF-budesonide could be considered an effective second-line treatment in pediatric IgAN, especially when a long course of steroids is necessary to control active inflammation. However, pediatric clinical trials are urgently needed to identify the correct dosage and tolerability of TRF-budesonide.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Luca Antonucci, Joshua M. Thurman, Marina Vivarelli
Summary: The complement system plays a crucial role in kidney diseases, and complement inhibitors have shown potential in improving their outcomes. This article provides a summary of the main complement inhibitors used in nephrology and discusses their efficacy in different complement-mediated kidney diseases. These novel drugs have the potential to significantly improve the prognosis of kidney diseases.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Marco Gattorno, Laura Obici, Inmaculada Calvo Penades, Tilmann Kallinich, Susanne Benseler, Elise Dekker, Jeremy Levy, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Helen Lachmann
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of canakinumab in TRAPS patients during a 72-week long-term, open-label extension. The results showed that long-term canakinumab treatment effectively controlled disease activity and reduced flare incidence in TRAPS patients. No new safety concerns were identified.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Fabrizio De Benedetti, Alexei A. Grom, Paul A. Brogan, Claudia Bracaglia, Manuela Pardeo, Giulia Marucci, Despina Eleftheriou, Charalampia Papadopoulou, Grant S. Schulert, Pierre Quartier, Jordi Anton, Christian Laveille, Rikke Frederiksen, Veronica Asnaghi, Maria Ballabio, Philippe Jacqmin, Cristina de Min
Summary: The objective of this study was to confirm the adequacy of an emapalumab dosing regimen in relation to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activity and assess its efficacy and safety in treating MAS secondary to sJIA or AOSD. The results showed that emapalumab was efficacious in inducing remission of MAS and viral infections were observed.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donata Santarsiero, Miriam Galbusera, Sara Gastoldi, Anna Schubart, Marina Vivarelli, Elena Bresin, Ariela Benigni, Marina Noris, Giuseppe Remuzzi
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)