Review
Cell Biology
Zhaohua Cai, Yijie Huang, Ben He
Summary: Obesity is a global epidemic associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Macrophages play a crucial role in obesity-associated inflammation. Recent research has provided insights into the diverse roles of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity and comorbidities. This review summarizes the characterization of different subpopulations of ATMs in obesity, the extensive crosstalk between adipocytes and ATMs, and the extended crosstalk within adipose tissue between perivascular mesenchymal cells and ATMs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandro Hinojosa-Moscoso, Anna Motger-Alberti, Elena De la Calle-Vargas, Marian Marti-Navas, Carles Biarnes, Maria Arnoriaga-Rodriguez, Gerard Blasco, Josep Puig, Diego Luque-Cordoba, Feliciano Priego-Capote, Jose Maria Moreno-Navarrete, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real
Summary: Excess iron is associated with dysfunction in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. In this study, it was found that markers of iron status were linked to changes in abdominal adipose tissue over one year. These associations were mainly observed in women and non-obese subjects, and were independent of insulin sensitivity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bulbul Ahmed, Rifat Sultana, Michael W. Greene
Summary: This review discusses the potential mechanisms behind obesity-associated insulin resistance, such as dysfunctional adipose tissue, excessive release of free fatty acids, and the impact of lipotoxicity on cellular dysfunction leading to systemic inflammation and disruption of the insulin signaling pathway. It highlights that hepatic insulin resistance is the primary event that triggers peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruimin Liu, Yinying Han, Chenglong Huang, Mengqian Hou, Rui Cheng, Shujin Wang, Xi Li, Jie Tian
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential roles of adipokine chemerin on high fat-induced cardiac dysfunction. Chemerin supplementation reversed the lipid-induced abnormalities in lipid-overload cardiomyocytes. Adipocyte-derived chemerin might function as an endogenous cardioprotective factor against obese-related cardiomyopathy.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Guangzhen He, Jiaowei Gu, Huawei Wang, Siyuan Cheng, Qing Xiong, Mengting Ke, Yong Hu, Jieyuan Feng, Linyang Song, Zheng Liu, Yancheng Xu
Summary: This study investigated the role of Nr2e1 expression in adipose tissues of obese mice and its impact on insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. The findings suggest that upregulation of Nr2e1 may contribute to increased inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Deletion of Nr2e1 resulted in lower body weight and fat mass in obese mice, but also led to heightened inflammatory cytokine secretion and impaired insulin sensitivity. Further research revealed that Nr2e1 deletion affected the expression of insulin signaling molecules and NF kappa B pathway-related factors in visceral adipose tissues. Nr2e1 may serve as a potential target for improving insulin sensitivity and inflammation in obesity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert Hauffe, Michaela Rath, Wilson Agyapong, Wenke Jonas, Heike Vogel, Tim J. Schulz, Maria Schwarz, Anna P. Kipp, Matthias Bluher, Andre Kleinridders
Summary: The intake of high-fat diets leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance. However, selenium might not be able to attenuate insulin resistance in the presence of obesity.
Review
Immunology
Weizheng Liang, Yanxu Qi, Hongyang Yi, Chenyu Mao, Qingxue Meng, Hao Wang, Chunfu Zheng
Summary: Macrophages, a population of immune cells, play a vital role in antigen presentation and inflammatory response. Their plasticity and heterogeneity allow them to polarize into different phenotypes under different conditions. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) have been found to be closely related to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This article summarizes the factors affecting the polarization of ATMs and explores their potential as targets for immunotherapy in preventing and treating metabolic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Long Xu, Xiaoyu Yan, Yuanxin Zhao, Jian Wang, Buhan Liu, Sihang Yu, Jiaying Fu, Yanan Liu, Jing Su
Summary: This article discusses the new findings on how obesity induces macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial dysfunction induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria for the treatment of diabetes are also summarized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shindy Soedono, Kae Won Cho
Summary: Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is a key factor in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among adipose tissue immune cells, ATDCs are master immune regulators that play a crucial role in obesity-induced inflammation. However, their exact role and contribution to AT inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity have not been clearly elucidated due to lack of animal models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hui Zhou, Xiyan Liao, Qin Zeng, Haowei Zhang, Jianfeng Song, Wanyu Hu, Xiaoxiao Sun, Yujin Ding, Dandan Wang, Yalun Xiao, Tuo Deng
Summary: Accumulation and activation of immunocytes in adipose tissues are important in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Chemokines, especially CCL5, play a crucial role in recruiting immunocytes to adipose tissue during obesity. CCL5 deficiency exacerbates adipose inflammation and impairs insulin sensitivity in obese mice. This study provides insights into the role of CCL5 in obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Castellano-Castillo, Bruno Ramos-Molina, Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera, Luis Ocana-Wilhelmi, Maria Isabel Queipo-Ortuno, Fernando Cardona
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the changes in H3K4me3 histone mark in human adipose tissue under obesity and insulin resistance conditions. The results showed that H3K4me3 enrichment in gene promoters was closely related to higher mRNA levels, and differentially enriched H3K4me3 could regulate genes in adipose tissue, affecting its function during obesity and insulin resistance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xin Shu, Jiaqi Wu, Tao Zhang, Xiaoyu Ma, Zuoqin Du, Jin Xu, Jingcan You, Liqun Wang, Ni Chen, Mao Luo, Jianbo Wu
Summary: The study suggests that PCSK9 expression in adipose tissue may mediate statin-induced adipocyte insulin resistance. PCSK9 deficiency could protect against statin-induced impairments in insulin signaling.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ignacio Colon-Mesa, Neira Sainz, Patricia Corrales, Maria Collantes, Philipp Kaldis, Jose Alfredo Martinez, Gema Medina-Gomez, Maria Jesus Moreno-Aliaga, Xavier Escote
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of p27 deletion on the activity of brown adipose tissue and the susceptibility to develop obesity and glucose homeostasis disturbances in mice. The results showed that p27 knockout mice were more prone to obesity and insulin resistance. The study suggested that p27 may play a role in brown adipose tissue activation and the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo, Anthony V. Perkins, Martha Lappas
Summary: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal obesity have long-term detrimental impacts on the health of both mother and offspring. Increased inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the pathophysiology of these metabolic conditions. This study found that selenium supplementation may prevent inflammation and oxidative stress associated with GDM and maternal obesity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Umesh K. Goand, Saurabh Verma, Inklisan Patel, Saima Tasneem, Richa Garg, Jiaur R. Gayen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the immunometabolic effect of PST inhibitor (PSTi8) against PST. The results showed that PSTi8 inhibited the expression of lipolytic genes and proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Moreover, PSTi8 promoted macrophage polarization, reduced inflammation, and improved energy expenditure. Therefore, PSTi8 may be a potential therapeutic approach for obesity and insulin resistance.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Matthew F. Blum, Jingsha Chen, Aditya Surapaneni, Stephen T. Turner, Christie M. Ballantyne, Paul A. Welling, Anna Koettgen, Josef Coresh, Deidra C. Crews, Morgan E. Grams
Summary: This study investigated the association of renin with adverse kidney outcomes and compared different measurement strategies. The results showed that renin levels measured by SomaScan modified nucleotide aptamer assay were predictive of chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, and mortality. The SomaScan measurement was moderately correlated with plasma renin activity and highly correlated with renin level from Olink.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Donghai Wen, Linda Zhou, Zihe Zheng, Aditya Surapaneni, Christie M. Ballantyne, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Michael G. Shlipak, Sushrut S. Waikar, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Paul L. Kimmel, Ruth F. Dubin, Rajat Deo, Harold I. Feldman, Peter Ganz, Josef Coresh, Morgan E. Grams, Eugene P. Rhee
Summary: Testican-2, a protein released into circulation by the kidneys, is positively correlated with eGFR and eGFR slope. However, it is unknown whether higher testican-2 levels are associated with lower risk of ESKD.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Christie M. Ballantyne
Summary: Age is a crucial risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as genetic mutations occur with aging, leading to somatic mosaicism. Clonal hematopoiesis resulting from somatic mutations, known as CHIP, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent advances in exome-sequencing projects have enabled the study of CHIP frequency, gene-specific analyses, and potential therapeutic implications for preventing cardiovascular disease.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mini G. Varughese, Matthew R. Deshotels, Lilei Zhang, Christie M. Ballantyne
Summary: A 20-year-old male presented with severe elevation in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and was initially tested negative for familial hypercholesterolemia. Further genetic testing revealed homozygous variants in the ALB gene, indicating congenital analbuminemia (CAA) as the cause of severe hyperlipidemia. CAA is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a frequency of about 1:1,000,000. Pathological variants in the ALB gene disrupt albumin synthesis and can lead to gross hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Early diagnosis through genetic examination is crucial for initiating lipid-lowering treatments and preventing premature coronary artery disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bruno Bohn, Pamela L. Lutsey, Weihong Tang, James S. Pankow, Faye L. Norby, Bing Yu, Christie M. Ballantyne, Eric A. Whitsel, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ryan T. Demmer
Summary: This study compared the proteome of statin users and nonusers and found differences in proteins unrelated to lipid metabolism. Further investigation into these differences may help elucidate the pleiotropic effects of statins.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael R. R. Duggan, Lauren Butler, Zhongsheng Peng, Gulzar N. N. Daya, Abhay Moghekar, Yang An, Stephen R. R. Rapp, Kathleen M. M. Hayden, Aladdin H. H. Shadyab, Ginny Natale, Longjian Liu, Linda Snetselaar, Ruin Moaddel, Casey M. M. Rebholz, Kevin Sullivan, Christie M. M. Ballantyne, Susan M. M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci, Keenan A. A. Walker
Summary: Dysregulation of the immune system and inflammatory dietary patterns may increase the risk for cognitive decline. Proteomic assays of plasma samples identified a group of proteins linked to future cognitive impairment, as well as associations with dementia risk and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Salim S. S. Virani, David J. J. Ramsey, Dax Westerman, Mark K. K. Kuebeler, Liang Chen, Julia M. M. Akeroyd, Glenn T. T. Gobbel, Christie M. M. Ballantyne, Laura A. A. Petersen, Alexander Turchin, Michael E. E. Matheny
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yiyi Zhang, Jacqueline S. Dron, Brandon K. Bellows, Amit V. Khera, Junxiu Liu, Pallavi P. Balte, Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Sami Samir Amr, Matthew S. Lebo, Anna Nagy, Gina M. Peloso, Pradeep Natarajan, Jerome I. Rotter, Cristen Willer, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie M. Ballantyne, Pamela L. Lutsey, Myriam Fornage, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Lifang Hou, Bruce M. Psaty, Joshua C. Bis, James S. Floyd, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, April P. Carson, Michael E. Hall, Stephen S. Rich, Xiuqing Guo, Dhruv S. Kazi, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Andrew E. Moran
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicolas Girerd, Daniel Levy, Kevin Duarte, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Christie Ballantyne, Timothy Collier, Anne Pizard, Jens Bjoerkman, Javed Butler, Andrew Clark, John G. Cleland, Christian Delles, Javier Diez, Arantxa Gonzalez, Mark Hazebroek, Jennifer Ho, Anne-Cecile Huby, Shih-Jen Hwang, Roberto Latini, Beatrice Mariottoni, Alexandre Mebazaa, Pierpaolo Pellicori, Naveed Sattar, Peter Sever, Jan A. Staessen, Job Verdonschot, Stephane Heymans, Patrick Rossignol, Faiez Zannad
Summary: This study identified protein biomarkers associated with new-onset heart failure in three independent cohorts. The inclusion of these biomarkers in addition to clinical risk factors improved the prediction of heart failure risk. The B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were found to be particularly relevant in predicting heart failure.
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suzanne V. Arnold, James A. de Lemos, Luke Zheng, Robert S. Rosenson, Christie M. Ballantyne, Shushama Alam, Deepak L. Bhatt, Christopher P. Cannon, Mikhail Kosiborod, GOULD Investigators
Summary: The study aimed to examine the improvement in the use of optimal medical therapy (OMT) for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetes. The study found that the use of secondary prevention in US patients with ASCVD and diabetes was suboptimal, with minimal improvement over time.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paul M. Ridker, Lei Lei, Kausik K. Ray, Christie M. Ballantyne, Gary Bradwin, Nader Rifai
Summary: Bempedoic acid (BA) reduces hsCRP and LDL-C levels in patients with atherosclerotic disease and/or familial hypercholesterolemia. It also shows potential anti-inflammatory effects and has similar lipid-lowering and inflammation-inhibiting properties to statin therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiaoming Jia, Leo Buckley, Caroline Sun, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Bing Yu, Vijay Nambi, Salim S. Virani, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Josef Coresh, Amil M. Shah, Christie M. Ballantyne
Summary: Higher levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 in older adults are associated with an increased risk of global cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure) and death. The association between interleukin-6 and global cardiovascular disease is stronger than that for interleukin-18, and remains significant even after adjustments for other biomarkers.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lena Mathews, Xiao Hu, Ning Ding, Junichi Ishigami, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Ron C. C. Hoogeveen, Josef Coresh, Christie M. M. Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita
Summary: A study on 9205 participants from the ARIC study found that higher levels of GDF15 protein were associated with bleeding events and improved the prediction of bleeding risk in individuals without cardiovascular disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marina Cuchel, Paul C. Lee, Lisa C. Hudgins, P. Barton Duell, Zahid Ahmad, Seth J. Baum, MacRae F. Linton, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Christie M. Ballantyne, John A. Larry, Linda C. Hemphill, Iris Kindt, Samuel S. Gidding, Seth S. Martin, Patrick M. Moriarty, Paul P. Thompson, James A. Underberg, John R. Guyton, Rolf L. Andersen, David J. Whellan, Irwin Benuck, John P. Kane, Kelly Myers, William Howard, David Staszak, Allison Jamison, Mary C. Card, Mafalda Bourbon, Joana R. Chora, Daniel J. Rader, Joshua W. Knowles, Katherine Wilemon, Mary P. McGowan
Summary: This study investigated the diagnosis and treatment of HoFH in the United States and found a low diagnosis rate and low treatment rate, highlighting the need for enhanced screening and treatment to reduce the burden of the disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Brian Olshansky, Deepak L. L. Bhatt, Michael Miller, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Eliot A. A. Brinton, Terry A. A. Jacobson, Steven B. B. Ketchum, Ralph T. T. Doyle Jr, Rebecca A. A. Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Peter R. R. Kowey, James A. A. Reiffel, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. M. Ballantyne, Mina K. K. Chung
Summary: In the REDUCE-IT study, icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced cardiovascular events but was associated with increased atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF) hospitalization. The study analyzed the relationships between IPE and outcomes in patients with or without prior AF and with or without in-study AF hospitalization. Overall, in-study AF hospitalization rates were higher in patients with prior AF, especially in those randomized to IPE. Serious bleeding rates also trended higher in these patients. However, patients with prior AF or in-study AF hospitalization showed consistent risk reductions in cardiovascular events with IPE.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)