Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sophia J. Kiechl, Anna Staudt, Katharina Stock, Nina Gande, Benoit Bernar, Christoph Hochmayr, Bernhard Winder, Ralf Geiger, Andrea Griesmacher, Markus Anliker, Stefan Kiechl, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Michael Knoflach, Raimund Pechlaner
Summary: The study revealed that systolic blood pressure, arterial hypertension, low-density and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine transaminase predicted cIMT progression in adolescents, even when risk factor levels were within established reference ranges. These findings underline the importance of initiating prevention early in life and question the current focus on high-risk youngsters in guideline recommendations.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ettore Dinoto, Domenico Mirabella, Francesca Ferlito, Graziella Tortomasi, Davide Turchino, Salvatore Evola, Massimiliano Zingales, Emanuela Bologna, Felice Pecoraro
Summary: The intima-media thickness (IMT) and its irregularities or ulcerations in the common carotid artery (CCA) can serve as biomarkers for cardiovascular system integrity. Total homocysteine and lipoprotein levels are commonly used for cardiovascular risk stratification. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) combined with serum biomarkers can assess atherosclerotic disease and cardiovascular risk effectively.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anna Maria Rychter, Dariusz Naskret, Agnieszka Zawada, Alicja Ewa Ratajczak, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Iwona Krela-Kazmierczak
Summary: Atherosclerosis is strongly associated with obesity, with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) serving as a predictor of cardiovascular events and subclinical atherosclerosis. Behavioral interventions can directly impact cIMT values, influencing cardiovascular disease risk.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Karri Parkkila, Antti Kiviniemi, Mikko Tulppo, Juha Perkiomaki, Y. Antero Kesaniemi, Olavi Ukkola
Summary: In a prospective study with over 20 years of follow-up, the length of plaques in abdominal-pelvic main arteries (SUM) was found to be a superior indicator for evaluating overall cardiovascular risk compared to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). SUM significantly predicted CV events and improved the discrimination and reclassification of patients when added to the established model, while IMT only predicted cardiovascular events in univariate analysis and did not improve discrimination or reclassification.
Article
Hematology
Matthew J. Feinstein, Margaret F. Doyle, James H. Stein, Colleen M. Sitlani, Alison E. Fohner, Sally A. Huber, Alan L. Landay, Susan R. Heckbert, Kenneth Rice, Richard A. Kronmal, Catherine Hedrick, Ani Manichaikul, Coleen McNamara, Stephen Rich, Russell P. Tracy, Nels C. Olson, Bruce M. Psaty, Joseph A. C. Delaney
Summary: This study investigated the associations of myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets with cardiovascular disease onset and progression, finding that nonclassical monocytes were associated with progression of carotid IMT. Significant sex differences were observed in the associations of monocyte subsets with IMT progression, with different patterns between men and women.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Po-Chih Lin, Chung-Yen Chen, Charlene Wu, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: This study investigated subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and their family members, and found that systemic inflammation synergistically contributed to atherogenic dyslipidemia on subclinical atherosclerosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Balatskiy, Marina Teterina, Alexandra Pisaryuk, Irina Balabanenko, Alexey Kadrev, Anastasia Tishuk, Maria Balatskaya, Larisa Samokhodskaya, Sergey Boytsov, Natalia Kalinina, Vsevolod Tkachuk
Summary: The study found an inverse correlation between carotid artery IMT and HMW levels in male subjects. The G allele of rs12444338 SNP in the T-cadherin gene was associated with lower levels of circulating T-cadherin and thinner IMT, suggesting a potential atheroprotective genotype.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Evangelos Oikonomou, George Lazaros, Vasiliki Chara Mystakidi, Nikolaos Papaioannou, Panagiotis Theofilis, Georgia Vogiatzi, Christos Chasikidis, Petros Fountoulakis, Maria-Argentina Papakostantinou, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos, Nikolaos Barmparesos, Panagiotis Tasios, Juan C. Kaski, Dimitris Tousoulis
Summary: The study demonstrates that residents in areas with high concentrations of gaseous air pollutants have increased carotid atherosclerotic burden and inflammation compared to residents in other regions. High levels of CO, NO2, and SO2 were observed in Region 4, where individuals also showed higher levels of C reactive protein and greater carotid plaque burden. Additionally, the propensity score analysis indicated higher differences in mean cIMT among individuals with coronary artery disease in high pollution areas compared to low pollution areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jiantao Li, Liyong Yin, Xuan Qi, Yuzhe Huang
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis patients with accelerated atherosclerosis have difficulty being explained by traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. This study found that serum sulfatide levels may serve as a predictor for the progression of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valeria Sutti Nunes, Edite Vieira Silva de Campos, Jamal Baracat, Victor Franca, Erica Ivana Lazaro Gomes, Raissa Peres Coelho, Edna Regina Nakandakare, Vanessa Helena Souza Zago, Eliana Cotta de Faria, Eder Carlos Rocha Quintao
Summary: This study investigated the relationships between plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers and cardiovascular disease risk factors, cIMT, and carotid plaques in asymptomatic subjects. The findings suggested that campesterol may be associated with atherosclerotic plaques, while the ratios of lathosterol/campesterol or lathosterol/sitosterol may indicate an inverse association. This highlights the inverse relationship between cholesterol synthesis and absorption, with the absorption marker campesterol reflecting changes in body cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerotic potential.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vaishali Narendra Naik, R. S. Gamad, P. P. Bansod
Summary: This study investigates the effects of three despeckle filters on the segmentation of carotid IMT in ultrasound images. The results show that the median filter performs better than the hybrid median and IACDF filters.
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Carol Mitchell, Claudia E. Korcarz, James A. Zagzebski, James H. Stein
Summary: Technological advances in ultrasound imaging have significantly improved image quality and resolution, but limitations exist in using carotid IMT measurements in clinical medicine due to historical data and instrument settings. However, standardized instrumentation, presets, image acquisition, and measurements can still make carotid IMT measurements a valuable research tool. Consensus in technical aspects of ultrasound imaging acquisition, processing, and display for blood vessels could lead to more reliable measurements.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Momoyo Kida, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Takayuki Kosaka, Takahiro Ono, Yoshinobu Maeda, Makoto Watanabe, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Kazunori Ikebe
Summary: This study investigated the association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis, and found a correlation in both normotensive and hypertensive participants.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Karsten Konigstein, Julia Charlotte Buschges, Giselle Sarganas, Susanne Krug, Hannelore Neuhauser, Arno Schmidt-Trucksass
Summary: This study found that exercise can reduce cardiovascular risk in young individuals, but has little effect on carotid structure and function.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yue Leon Guo, Rosario D. Ampon, Ivan C. Hanigan, Luke D. Knibbs, Christy Geromboux, Ta-Chen Su, Kazuaki Negishi, Leanne Poulos, Geoffrey G. Morgan, Guy B. Marks, Bin Jalaludin
Summary: The study found that long-term exposure to low levels of PM2.5 in children may have measurable adverse impacts on cardiovascular risk marker, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), by age 11-12 years.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Nanci S. Guest, Paul Corey, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Ahmed El-Sohemy
Summary: This study investigated whether variations in the HTR2A gene modify the effects of caffeine on endurance and if this modification is further influenced by the CYP1A2 genotype. The results showed that 4 mg/kg caffeine improved endurance performance specifically in individuals with the HTR2A CC genotype and CYP1A2 AA fast metabolizers.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
M-A Bahsoun, M. U. Khan, S. Mitha, A. Ghazvanchahi, H. Khosravani, P. Jabehdar Maralani, J-C Tardif, A. R. Moody, P. N. Tyrrell, A. Khademi
Summary: A novel biomarker panel was proposed to quantify macro and microstructural biomarkers from the normal-appearing brain matter, showing potential for clinical translation in studying cognitive outcomes.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kalesha Hack, Niket Gandhi, Genevieve Bouchard-Fortier, Tanya P. Chawla, Sarah E. Ferguson, Siying Li, Daniel Kahn, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Phyllis Glanc
Summary: This study externally validated the O-RADS US and found that incorporating acoustic shadowing as a benign finding improved its diagnostic performance. This research is important for improving risk assessment and management of ovarian and adnexal lesions.
Article
Transplantation
Anwar S. Shatil, Anish Kirpalani, Eyesha Younus, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Adriana Krizova, Darren A. Yuen
Summary: This study assessed the ability of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to serve as a prognostic factor for renal outcomes. The results showed that MRE-derived renal stiffness provides important prognostic information regarding renal function loss for patients with allograft dysfunction, over and above what is provided by current clinical variables.
TRANSPLANTATION DIRECT
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Ludwig Zeller, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Stella Wang, Nadine Fischer, Johannes-Peter Haas, Boris Huegle
Summary: This study evaluated the value of serum electrophoresis and its components as biomarkers for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The results showed that compared to conventional methods, serum electrophoresis, particularly the alpha 2-fraction and haptoglobin, demonstrated higher correlations with disease activity in JIA.
PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Felipe Sanchez, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Patrick Cheung, Chinthaka Heyn, Simon Graham, Ian Poon, Yee Ung, Alexander Louie, May Tsao, Anastasia Oikonomou
Summary: This study aimed to explore the performance of lung MRI in detecting solid and subsolid pulmonary nodules using T1 gradient-echo (GRE), ultrashort time echo (UTE), and T2 Fast Spin Echo (HASTE). The results showed that lung MRI has adequate performance in detecting solid and subsolid pulmonary nodules larger than 4 mm and can serve as a promising radiation-free alternative to CT.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacob Levman, Bryan Ewenson, Joe Apaloo, Derek Berger, Pascal N. N. Tyrrell
Summary: Supervised machine learning classification is widely used in industry and research. The article introduces an enhanced technique for hold-out validation, which assesses the consistency of mistakes made by the learning algorithm. This technique can improve the evaluation and design of reliable and predictable AI models.
Review
Acoustics
Mauro Mendez, Shruthi Sundararaman, Linda Probyn, Pascal N. Tyrrell
Summary: This scoping review examines the emerging field of synthetic ultrasound generation using machine learning models in radiology. Unconditional generation, conditional generation, and domain translation were identified as the primary methodological strategies. Synthetic ultrasound is mainly used to augment training datasets and as training material for radiologists, with blind expert assessment and Frechet Inception Distance as common evaluation methods. Current limitations include the requirement for large training datasets, manual annotations for controllable generation, and insufficient research on incorporating new domain knowledge. While generative ultrasound models show promise, further work is required for clinical implementation.
JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Fatma A. Eltawil, Michael Atalla, Emily Boulos, Afsaneh Amirabadi, Pascal N. Tyrrell
Summary: This scoping review identifies the barriers and enablers to the acceptance of AI/ML-enabled innovations in radiology practice from a physician's perspective. The main barriers include lack of acceptance and trust, lack of awareness, knowledge, and familiarity with the technology, and perceived threat to professional autonomy. The main enablers include high expectations, potential to decrease errors in diagnosis, potential to increase efficiency, and potential to improve patient care quality.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Atsuhiro Hibi, Rui Zhu, Pascal N. Tyrrell
Summary: Training machine learning models in medical imaging often involves dividing data among multiple readers for separate annotation without consensus, which can lead to biased training datasets. This study explores whether ML algorithms can overcome biases caused by multiple readers' labeling without consensus.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Atsuhiro Hibi, Michael D. Cusimano, Alexander Bilbily, Rahul G. Krishnan, Pascal N. Tyrrell
Summary: This study presents a novel weakly supervised anomaly detection (WSAD) algorithm trained based on scan-wise normal and anomalous annotations to provide better performance than conventional methods while reducing annotation workload.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Alameen Damer, Emaan Chaudry, Daniel Eftekhari, Susanne M. Benseler, Frozan Safi, Richard I. Aviv, Pascal N. Tyrrell
Summary: Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in distinguishing small-vessel vasculitis from common mimicking diseases. Currently, there is no standardized method to differentiate between these diseases, but this review identifies existing scoring tools that could serve as a starting point for integrating artificial intelligence/machine learning into the clinical decision-making process.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Atsuhiro Hibi, Majid Jaberipour, Michael D. Cusimano, Alexander Bilbily, Rahul G. Krishnan, Richard I. Aviv, Pascal N. Tyrrell
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the availability and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for automatically identifying and quantifying computed tomography (CT) findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results showed that AI algorithms based on deep neural networks can automate the identification and quantification of TBI-related abnormalities, intracranial hemorrhage types, hemorrhage localization, midline shift measurement, and hematoma volume measurement in CT images. Automated identification of obliterated basal cisterns has not been investigated. The application of AI techniques can enhance the reproducibility of TBI identification and quantification, supporting radiologists and clinicians in their assessments.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
John Valen, Indranil Balki, Mauro Mendez, Wendi Qu, Jacob Levman, Alexander Bilbily, Pascal N. Tyrrell
Summary: This paper explores the assessment of uncertainty in convolutional neural networks in the context of medical imaging and validates the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The results demonstrate the importance of reporting uncertainty in medical imaging and show that automatically assessing classifier reliability can yield good results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Julie Bilocq-Lacoste, Romuald Ferre, Grey Kuling, Anne L. Martel, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Siying Li, Guan Wang, Belinda Curpen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of MRI features and molecular subtypes on the detectability of breast cancers on MRI in high-risk patients. The results showed no significant correlation between MRI characteristics, receptor types, and the frequency of missed cancers. The main factors for misinterpreted lesions were multiple breast lesions, prior biopsy/surgery, and long-term stability. Lesions were mostly overlooked due to their small size and high background parenchymal enhancement.