☆ 3.9 Article Proceedings Paper

Race and Insurance Status as Risk Factors for Trauma Mortality

ARCHIVES OF SURGERY (2008)

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ARCHIVES OF SURGERY

卷 143, 期 10, 页码 945-949

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AMER MEDICAL ASSOC

DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.143.10.945

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Surgery

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Objective: To determine the effect of race and insurance status on trauma mortality. Methods: Review of patients (aged 18-64 years; Injury Severity Score 9) included in the National Trauma Data Bank (2001-2005). African American and Hispanic patients were each compared with white patients and insured patients were compared with uninsured patients. Multiple logistic regression analyses determined differences in survival rates after adjusting for demographics, injury severity (Injury Severity Score and revised Trauma Score), severity of head and/or extremity injury, and injury mechanism. Results: A total of 429 751 patients met inclusion criteria. African American (n = 72 249) and Hispanic (n = 41 770) patients were less likely to be insured and more likely to sustain penetrating trauma than white patients (n = 262 878). African American and Hispanic patients had higher unadjusted mortality rates (white, 5.7%; African American, 8..2%; Hispanic, 9.1%; P = .05 for African American and Hispanic patients) and an increased adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death compared with white patients (African American OR, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.23; Hispanic OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.39-1.57). Insured patients (47%) had lower crude mortality rates than uninsured patients (4.4% vs 8.6%; P = .05). Insured African American and Hispanic patients had increased mortality rates compared with insured white patients. This effect worsened for uninsured patients across groups (insured African American OR, 1.2; 95% Cl, 1.08-1.33; insured Hispanic OR, 1.51; 95% Cl, 1.36-1.64; uninsured white OR, 1.55; 95% Cl, 1.46-1.64; uninsured African American OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.65-1.90; uninsured Hispanic OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 2.13-2.49). The reference group was insured white patients. Conclusion: Race and insurance status each independently predicts outcome disparities after trauma. African American, Hispanic, and uninsured patients have worse outcomes, but insurance status appears to have the stronger association with mortality after trauma.

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Hyperbilirubinemia as a Risk Factor for Mortality and Morbidity in Trauma Patients

Mina Lee, Myungjin Jang, Jayun Jo, Byungchul Yu, Giljae Lee, Jungnam Lee, Seunghwan Lee, Yangbin Jeon, Kangkook Choi

Summary: Hyperbilirubinemia is common in trauma patients, but little is known about its effects on clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and patient outcomes following trauma. The study included 387 severely injured patients admitted to the trauma bay. Patients were categorized into low-bilirubin (LB) and high-bilirubin (HB) groups based on peak bilirubin levels. The HB group had significantly higher rates of complications and mortality, including pneumonia, acute kidney injury, sepsis, and wound infections. Multivariate analysis showed that higher bilirubin levels were associated with increased risk of complications. In conclusion, hyperbilirubinemia was associated with poorer outcomes in trauma patients.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2023)