Article
Fisheries
Fei Han, Yuan Zhang, Geng Qin, Xiaoyan Wang, Na Song, Tianxiang Gao
Summary: The study identified 12 members of the TLR gene family in the Japanese meagre genome, distributed across 10 chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis placed the TLR genes into different subfamilies, with highly consistent conserved motifs. qRT-PCR assays revealed higher expression levels of TLRs in immune tissues of Japanese meagre.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Seokwon Shin, Jayeon Park, Ye Eun Lee, Hanbin Ko, Hyung-Sun Youn
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in immune responses by activating signaling pathways that induce inflammation. Research has shown that isobavachalcone (IBC) can inhibit the activation of TLR signaling pathways, opening up new therapeutic options for inflammatory diseases involving TLRs.
ARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Swamita Arora, Sangeetha Gupta, Wasim Akram, Ahmed E. Altyar, Priti Tagde
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor on Poly(I:C)-induced airway inflammation following TLR3 activation and to explore a potential pathway for the treatment of asthma through TLR3 inhibition.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Fei Han, Yuan Zhang, Na Song, Tianxiang Gao
Summary: This study focused on the burbot fish and characterized 19 Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in it, examining their expression patterns after pathogen exposure. The researchers found that TLR genes, essential in the fish's innate immune system, were tandemly repeated, indicating an evolution in the fish's immune system. Different TLR subfamilies showed tissue-specific expressions, and the response of TLR genes to pathogen exposure was also investigated. The results revealed time and tissue-specific expression patterns and highlighted the crucial role of TLR genes in the burbot's immune response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Na Zhang, Han Shi, Miaomiao Yan, Guangliang Liu
Summary: This study reveals that human IFIT5 functions as a negative regulator in the type I IFN signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3, therefore impairing the formation of the IRF3-TBK1-IKK epsilon complex and resulting in the degradation of IRF3 and IKK epsilon.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Akira Nakazono, Yuji Nakamaru, Mahnaz Ramezanpour, Takeshi Kondo, Masashi Watanabe, Shigetsugu Hatakeyama, Shogo Kimura, Aya Honma, P. J. Wormald, Sarah Vreugde, Masanobu Suzuki, Akihiro Homma
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 cell entry in the nasal mucosa is promoted by the activation of innate immune signals via TLR3, but this expression is suppressed in the presence of the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (FP). Further studies are needed to determine whether FP can suppress SARS-CoV-2 viral cell entry.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Gerulf Haenel, Caroline Angerer, Katja Petry, Felix S. Lichtenegger, Marion Subklewe
Summary: This study aimed to identify an optimal in vitro activation protocol for Blood DCs (BDCs), finding that activation with TLR3 and TLR7/8 ligands can generate highly immunostimulatory DCs with enhanced migration, NK-cell activation, and antigen-specific T-cell induction abilities.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Zeeshan Ahmad Khan, Dewan Md Sumsuzzman, Jeonghyun Choi, George Kamenos, Yonggeun Hong
Summary: Poly I:C exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia by activating the TLR3/NF-kappa B/TNF-alpha pathway, and suppressing TLR2/4 may provide neuroprotection against ischemic stroke.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xue Zhang, Liang Chen, Chun Hu, David Fast, Lu Zhang, Binrui Yang, Juntao Kan, Jun Du
Summary: Curcumin exerts a significant down-regulatory effect on cellular responses to poly(I:C) stimulation, particularly involving the TLR3/TBK1/IFN-ss cascade, which may contribute to alleviating virus-like infections. The findings suggest the potential of curcumin preparations in supporting a healthy immune system during viral infections.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Cosette M. Rivera-Cruz, Shreya Kumar, Marxa L. Figueiredo
Summary: In this study, we primed human MSC derived from adipose tissues using toll-like receptor agonists and investigated their interactions with prostate cancer cells. The results showed that primed MSC significantly accelerated tumor growth and induced changes in the tumor microenvironment, including altered modulation of angiogenesis and immune response processes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luca Occhigrossi, Federica Rossin, Valeria Rachela Villella, Speranza Esposito, Carlo Abbate, Manuela D'Eletto, Maria Grazia Farrace, Antonella Tosco, Roberta Nardacci, Gian Maria Fimia, Valeria Raia, Mauro Piacentini
Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to chronic lung infections. This study reveals the link between recurrent infections in CF patients and impaired innate immune response. The use of STING pathway agonists can restore the immune response and potentially be utilized as a new treatment strategy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chan Seok Lim, Yoon Ha Jang, Ga Young Lee, Gu Min Han, Hye Jin Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Jie-Oh Lee
Summary: Studies have shown that Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) depends on the length of its ligands for triggering a robust immune response. In this study, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of TLR3 bound to a synthetic RNA ligand of average length 400 base pairs was determined. The structure revealed that TLR3 units form a highly organized and cooperative cluster along the double-stranded RNA helix, suggesting that ligand-induced clustering of TLR3 triggers the assembly of signaling adaptors and initiates a strong innate immune response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Lamoot, Sonia Jangra, Gabriel Laghlali, Prajakta Warang, Gagandeep Singh, Lauren A. Chang, Seok-Chan Park, Kim De Swarte, Zifu Zhong, Benoit Louage, Emily De Lombaerde, Tingting Ye, Yong Chen, Sara Cuadrado-Castano, Stefan Lienenklaus, Niek N. Sanders, Bart N. Lambrecht, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Michael Schotsaert, Bruno G. De Geest
Summary: Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated poly(I:C), a synthetic dsRNA, enhances immune activation, boosts anti-SARS-CoV-2 response, and has great potential as a vaccine adjuvant.
Article
Cell Biology
Hongyang Liu, Guangqiang Ye, Xiaohong Liu, Mengdi Xue, Qiongqiong Zhou, Longfeng Zhang, Kunli Zhang, Li Huang, Changjiang Weng
Summary: Vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein, acts as a negative regulator of IFN-I production upon viral infection by disrupting the interactions of TBK1-IRF3 and IKK epsilon-IRF3. Knockout of vimentin suppresses encephalomyocarditis virus replication in mice, revealing its antiviral function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takashi Nishinaka, Omer Faruk Hatipoglu, Hidenori Wake, Masahiro Watanabe, Takao Toyomura, Shuji Mori, Masahiro Nishibori, Hideo Takahashi
Summary: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can suppress STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling and the effect depends on the type and concentration of carbonyl compounds. Lysine modification appears to be involved in the suppressive effect, and one of the AGEs can enhance signaling activation through toll-like receptor 4.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)