Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
W. Timothy Garvey
Summary: By treating obesity as a chronic disease and focusing on preventing and treating complications, the effectiveness of weight loss therapy can be enhanced for better health outcomes and reduced mortality. The advent of second-generation medications allows obesity to be managed similar to other chronic diseases, enabling a treat-to-target approach for effective treatment and prevention of specific complications.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tianyu Dong, Zhujun Fu, Xu Wang
Summary: Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a common complication of Graves' disease, affecting about one-third of pediatric patients with Graves' disease. While Teprotumumab has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of TAO, its safety and efficacy in pediatric patients remain uncertain. Additional studies and efforts are needed for further development of Teprotumumab for pediatric use.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shams Forruque Ahmed, M. Mofijur, Nafisa Islam, Tahlil Ahmed Parisa, Nazifa Rafa, Awais Bokhari, Jiri Jaromir Klemes, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
Summary: Bio-electrochemical systems, particularly microbial fuel cells (MFCs), have emerged as promising alternatives for conventional fuel energy. This review paper provides insights into the applications, substrate selection, and design factors influencing the performance of MFCs. While MFCs have shown efficiency in wastewater treatment and electricity generation, their commercial-scale application is hindered by microbiological, electrochemical, and technological limitations.
Article
Oncology
Alexis LeVee, Joanne Mortimer
Summary: Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in breast cancer patients and presents unique challenges in treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and developing new treatment strategies are essential. Clinical trials focusing on obesity and breast cancer treatment are needed to inform future guidelines.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Grace C. O'Malley, Sarah P. Shultz, David Thivel, Margarita D. Tsiros
Summary: There is growing evidence indicating that children with obesity may experience neuromusculoskeletal impairments, impacting their movement, interest or ability to engage in physical activity. Healthcare professionals should screen for these impairments and personalize interventions to optimize obesity treatment. Further research is needed to explore the influence of neuromusculoskeletal impairments on obesity treatment outcomes.
CURRENT OBESITY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorena Elena Melit, Cristina Oana Marginean, Maria Oana Sasaran
Summary: Pediatric obesity is a global issue and its relationship with gut microbiota is not fully understood. Multiple factors, such as maternal diet and health, delivery method, and feeding patterns, shape the infant gut microbiome. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes have been identified as important players in obesity risk, but there are inconsistencies in studies, especially in pediatric populations.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
R. T. Bartee, K. A. Heelan, C. A. Golden, J. L. Hill, G. C. Porter, B. A. Abbey, K. George, N. Foster, P. A. Estabrooks
Summary: Current childhood obesity treatment programs lack access to medical resources for underserved populations and lack interdisciplinary teams within organizations or communities. This paper describes the adaptation of Epstein's Traffic Light Diet into Building Healthy Families (BHF) through a community-academic partnership, and evaluates its effectiveness in reducing BMI z scores. Nine cohorts of families completed BHF, resulting in a reduction in BMI z scores across all cohorts. The adaptations made to BHF improved its fit to the setting and participants, leading to a sustained community-based pediatric weight management intervention (PWMI) that adheres to evidence-based principles.
PREVENTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vibha Singhal, Aluma Chovel Sella, Sonali Malhotra
Summary: There is a growing body of pediatric data on the efficacy of weight loss medications approved by the FDA for adults. Clinical trials are also underway for rarer forms of obesity in children, such as monogenic, syndromic, and hypothalamic obesity. Weight loss medications in children have varying efficacy and similar side effect profiles to those seen in adults, highlighting the need for rigorous research and improved education for providers on these medications to address the treatment gap in severe pediatric obesity.
CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES AND OBESITY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dengjianyi Xu, Yucong Zhang, Jian Bai, Huixing Yuan, Tao Wang, Jihong Liu, Wen Song, Delin Ma
Summary: Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5-i) are widely used for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) but have suboptimal therapeutic effects and side effects. Therefore, there is a need for developing new ED drugs, and botanical drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects. This review summarizes 34 studies on botanical drugs, including those with PDE5 inhibitory activity, without PDE5 inhibitory activity, and mixed botanical drugs. It highlights the clinical studies, mechanisms, and the need for high-quality trials to verify dosage, targeted patients, therapeutic effects, and further pharmacology experiments to identify active compounds.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Louise Tully, Niamh Arthurs, Cathy Wyse, Sarah Browne, Lucinda Case, Lois McCrea, Jean M. O'Connell, Clodagh S. O'Gorman, Susan M. Smith, Aisling Walsh, Fiona Ward, Grace O'Malley
Summary: Obesity is a chronic disease affecting more and more children globally, especially those from marginalized populations in high-income countries. There are clinical practice guidelines available for managing child and adolescent obesity, but there is no systematic review comparing their quality or synthesizing their recommendations. The guidelines generally recommend multi-component behavior-change interventions focusing on nutrition and physical activity, but lack recommendations for addressing practical or social barriers. There is insufficient evidence to evaluate pharmaceutical and surgical interventions in children, and these are generally not recommended.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Natia Murvelashvili, Luyu Xie, Jeffrey N. Schellinger, M. Sunil Mathew, Elisa Morales Marroquin, Ildiko Lingvay, Sarah E. Messiah, Jaime P. Almandoz
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of semaglutide and liraglutide for treating post-MBS weight recurrence. The results showed that treatment regimens including semaglutide led to superior weight loss compared with liraglutide. The weight-loss efficacy of semaglutide was consistent across different subgroups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Rose, Eliana Ein Mor, Michal Krieger, Arie Ben-Yehuda, Shoshana Revel-Vilk, Arnon D. Cohen, Eran Matz, Edna Bar-Ratson, Ronen Bareket, Ora Paltiel, Ronit Calderon-Margalit
Summary: Reports indicate that pediatric overweight and obesity rates have increased in 2020-2021 possibly due to COVID-19 related lifestyle changes. This study presents longitudinal data from the entire population of Israel, showing a rapid increase in overweight and obesity prevalence during this period. The disparities based on socioeconomic status remained relatively stable.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ellen Conceicao-Furber, Tamer Coskun, Kyle W. Sloop, Ricardo J. Samms
Summary: A major challenge of obesity therapy is to sustain clinically relevant weight loss over time. While effective anorectic agents have been developed, there is currently a lack of medications that effectively increase metabolic rate for weight loss. Activation of the GCGR has shown potential in increasing energy expenditure and augmenting the effects of other anti-obesity agents.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Konstantin L. Makridis, Thomas Bast, Christine Prager, Tatjana Kovacevic-Preradovic, Petra Bittigau, Thomas Mayer, Eva Breuer, Angela M. Kaindl
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the outcome of 16 pediatric patients treated with Cenobamate for drug-resistant epilepsy. The results showed that 31.3% of the patients achieved seizure freedom and 37.5% had a significant reduction in seizures. The drug was well-tolerated with few adverse events. Therefore, Cenobamate could be considered as a novel treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in pediatric patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sheng-Tien Chang, Shu-Hui Liu, Bing-Ye Li, Zhi-Xian Zheng
Summary: Conductive and non-conductive filters were used in a biotrickling filter microbial fuel cell. The conductive filter demonstrated higher acetone decomposition rates. Adding nano zero-valent iron to the proton exchange membrane improved its properties and increased its strength compared to conductive carbon black and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. The combination of this composite material and BTF-MFC can effectively treat gaseous pollutants and enhance power generation.