Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Junko Tamaki, Sumito Ogawa, Kenji Fujimori, Shigeyuki Ishii, Shinichi Nakatoh, Nobukazu Okimoto, Kuniyasu Kamiya, Masayuki Iki
Summary: In this study, the risks of initiating antidiabetic drugs for fractures were examined using a nationwide health insurance claims database. The results showed that initiating insulin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an increased risk of hip fractures. Additionally, initiating insulin, thiazolidine, and DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Timothy E. Hereford, Austin Porter, Jeffrey B. Stambough, Steven M. Cherney, Simon C. Mears
Summary: This study investigated the use of opioids in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. The results showed a surprisingly high rate of chronic opioid use, with 23% of opioid-naive patients becoming chronic users after surgery. The study highlights the importance of orthopedic surgeons limiting the amount and duration of postoperative opioid prescriptions and monitoring patients for continued use.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sug Hun Che, Myung-Rae Cho, Patrick Michael Quinn, Suk-Kyoon Song
Summary: This study aimed to identify risk factors for hip fractures in elderly Korean patients, especially in patients with osteoporosis. The retrospective analysis of 168 patients showed that lower body weight, BMI, and BMD Z-scores were associated with a higher incidence of intertrochanteric fractures compared to femoral neck fractures. This suggests that there is a correlation between low body weight, BMI, and BMD Z-scores and an increased risk of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly Korean patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cheng-Feng Li, Yu-Ping Liu, Chun-Ying Liu, Hui-Lian Zhu, Bao-Hua Wu, Bao-Lin Li, Yu-Ming Chen
Summary: This study found a positive association between estimated dietary acid load and the risk of hip fractures in the elderly Chinese population, with a more pronounced effect in participants with a lower body mass index.
Article
Orthopedics
Seokha Yoo, Eun Jin Jang, Junwoo Jo, Hannah Lee, Yoonbin Hwang, Ho Geol Ryu
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate predictive models for predicting in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery in the elderly. The results showed that incorporating institutional case volume into the predictive models improved their discrimination.
ARCHIVES OF ORTHOPAEDIC AND TRAUMA SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ya-Chi Wu, Chuan-Yu Chen, Chin-Sung Chang, Chia-Chun Li, Ru-Hsueh Wang, Zih-Jie Sun, Chih-Hsing Wu, Yin-Fan Chang
Summary: A treatment gap exists in vertebral fracture (VF) patients, with about 42.2% of patients visiting doctors within two years after diagnosis. Female patients, those currently taking supplements, and patients with lower bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores are more likely to seek medical care. An outpatient visit within three months but not more than eight months following a VF diagnosis is associated with increased likelihood of being prescribed anti-osteoporosis medications (AOMs).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Minmin Chen, Yanping Du, Wenjing Tang, Weijia Yu, Huilin Li, Songbai Zheng, Qun Cheng
Summary: Hip fracture surgery in elderly Chinese patients is associated with high mortality and risk of second fracture within 2 years. Risk factors for mortality include male gender, increased age, preoperative hypoalbuminemia, preoperative pneumonia, and poor activities of daily living (ADL), while factors such as high preoperative hemoglobin, high preoperative eGFR, and high preoperative LVEF are protective. Poor ADL is also a risk factor for second fracture. Postoperative rehabilitation and improving ADL are essential to reduce mortality and second fracture.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
X. Chen, Z. Liao, Y. Shen, B. Dong, L. Hou, Q. Hao
Summary: The study showed that pre-admission waiting time was associated with postoperative complications, length of stay, and hospitalization costs among older Chinese patients undergoing surgery to treat hip fractures.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zohar Yosibash, Nir Trabelsi, Itay Buchnik, Kent W. Myers, Moshe Salai, Iris Eshed, Yiftach Barash, Eyal Klang, Liana Tripto-Shkolnik
Summary: Autonomous finite element analyses (AFE) and machine learning (ML) algorithm were combined to predict the biomechanical response of femurs and the risk of hip fracture based on CT scans. A retrospective clinical study was conducted on CT scans of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and non-T2DM patients. The AFE success rate in analyzing CT scans was 91%, and the ML algorithm achieved high prediction accuracy for the risk of hip fracture in both T2DM and non-T2DM populations.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kaiwan Sriruanthong, Nattaphon Philawuth, Surapot Saloa, Nuttorn Daraphongsataporn, Worapong Sucharitpongpan
Summary: This study examined the risk factors of recurrent fragility fractures in the elderly and found that being female and older age increase the risk of refracture. Older age at the first fracture also leads to a shorter time to the second fracture. The study highlights the importance of implementing prevention programs that should be continued for at least 3-4 years in patients with any type of first fragility fracture.
ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
David W. G. Langerhuizen, Lukas P. E. Verweij, Johannes C. van der Wouden, Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs, Stein J. Janssen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of specific antihypertensive drugs and the risk of hip fractures. Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant articles, and observational studies were included for analysis. The results suggest a reduced risk of hip fractures associated with the use of thiazides, beta-blockers, and angiotensin receptor blockers, while conflicting findings were observed for calcium-channel blockers and ACE inhibitors.
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Fei You, Chaoyang Ma, Fangfang Sun, Lian Liu, Xiuwen Zhong
Summary: Postoperative heart failure is relatively common in elderly patients with hip fracture, with risk factors including age, hypertension, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and duration of surgery. Peri-operative risk assessment and prevention of related risks are crucial for a good prognosis.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Orthopedics
Mansour Bahardoust, Mohsen Yarali, Ghazaleh Donyadideh, Elham Rahimi, Delaram Naderi, Farshid Monshizadeh Tehrani, Ali Delpisheh
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between anti-diabetic drugs (Metformin, Sulfonylurea, and insulin) with hip fractures. The results showed that taking Metformin significantly reduced the risk of hip fracture, while consuming Sulfonylurea compounds and receiving insulin increased the risk of hip fracture.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Federica Pisa, Jonas Reinold, Piia Lavikainen, Marjaana Koponen, Heidi Taipale, Antti Tanskanen, Jari Tiihonen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Anna-Maija Tolppanen
Summary: The use of AEDs is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in individuals with AD, especially for those with short duration of use. Older AEDs also have a higher risk compared to newer AEDs. It is important to carefully monitor individuals with AD who are treated with antiepileptic drugs due to their increased risk of falling and fractures.
CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yaqi Hua, Yi Yuan, Xin Wang, Liping Liu, Jianting Zhu, Dongying Li, Ping Tu
Summary: This study systematically evaluated the risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in older adult hip fracture patients. The results showed that the established models had satisfactory predictive performance but there were also issues such as high risk of bias and lack of external validation.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Diana Martins, Wayne Khuu, Mina Tadrous, Simon Greaves, Beth Sproule, Nikki Bozinoff, David N. Juurlink, Muhammad M. Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson, Tara Gomes
Summary: This study examined the changes in the monthly prevalence of rapid tapering among recipients of high-dose opioids in Ontario, Canada. The results showed that the monthly prevalence of rapid tapering increased after the implementation of key guidelines and drug policies, but eventually decreased. The findings highlight the importance of improved communication and evidence-based resources for prescribers to minimize the negative consequences of evolving policies and guidelines.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Peter C. Austin, Hein Putter, Douglas S. Lee, Ewout W. Steyerberg
Summary: The Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model may have limitations in assessing absolute risks of multiple outcomes, while the combination of two cause-specific hazard models shows better performance. Therefore, cause-specific modeling should be considered in competing risk situations.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sunjeev Uthayakumar, Mina Tadrous, Simone N. Vigod, Sophie A. Kitchen, Tara Gomes
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, there was a temporary decrease in the dispensing rate of antidepressants in April 2020, which returned to normal levels by August 2020; however, there were no significant changes in the dispensing rate of benzodiazepines.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zachary Bouck, Andrea C. Tricco, Laura C. Rosella, Vicki Ling, Tara Gomes, Mina Tadrous, Matthew P. Fox, Ayden Scheim, Dan Werb
Summary: This study assessed the validity of self-reported opioid agonist treatment measures among people who inject drugs (PWID). The results showed that the self-reported measures were fairly accurate, with some exceptions. Inaccurate recall and social desirability bias were identified as potential factors influencing the accuracy of the reports.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Peter C. Austin, Jiming Fang, Douglas S. Lee
Summary: The Cox proportional hazards model, commonly used in clinical and epidemiological research, assumes proportional hazards for variables. When this assumption is violated, there are two methods to allow regression coefficients to vary as a flexible function of time. This flexibility improves the modeling of data and enhances the accuracy of the model.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maneesh Sud, Anna Chu, Peter C. Austin, David J. Naimark, George Thanassoulis, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Dennis T. Ko
Summary: By studying a large population of patients for over 10 years, we found that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) accounts for just over half of all preventable first cardiovascular events in contemporary primary prevention population. Including additional cardiovascular endpoints significantly increases the estimated incidence rates.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-QUALITY OF CARE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Joel G. Ray, Peter C. Austin, Alison L. Park, Eyal Cohen, Jiming Fang, Anna Chu
Summary: Women with a history of pre-eclampsia have a higher risk of premature coronary artery disease. The assessment of obstructive coronary artery stenosis through invasive coronary angiography has not been evaluated after pre-eclampsia.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy Y. X. Yu, Kara A. A. Nerenberg, Christina Diong, Jiming Fang, Anna Chu, Moira K. K. Kapral, Jodi D. D. Edwards, Sonia R. R. Dancey, Peter C. C. Austin, Nathalie Auger
Summary: This retrospective cohort study evaluated long-term maternal health outcomes after pregnancy-associated stroke and found that pregnant patients with stroke had a lower risk of death and all-cause readmission compared to non-pregnant patients with stroke at 1-year follow-up, but this difference decreased over time. Pregnant patients with stroke had a higher risk of death and readmission compared to pregnant patients without stroke at 1-year follow-up, and this association persisted for a decade.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Guy Cafri, Peter C. Austin
Summary: Observational studies are commonly used in medicine to estimate treatment effects, and propensity score methods are often employed to minimize confounding. This article discusses methods for estimating risk difference in time-to-event outcomes using weighting or matching based on the propensity score. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to compare the performance of these methods. The results suggest the use of weighting methods or caliper matching for point estimation and weighted robust standard errors, bootstrap methods, or matching with a naive standard error for standard error estimation.
PHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Peter C. Austin, Daniele Giardiello, Stef van Buuren
Summary: This study examined the issue of missing data when a variable is used both as an inclusion/exclusion criterion and as the primary exposure in the analysis model. Two analytic strategies were compared, and it was found that the impute-then-exclude strategy using substantive model compatible fully conditional specification had superior performance in different scenarios.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bisan Shweikialrefaee, Dennis T. Ko, Jiming Fang, Andrea Pang, Peter C. Austin, Paul Dorian, Sheldon M. Singh, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Karen Tu, Douglas S. Lee, Husam Abdel-Qadir
Summary: This study found that statin use is associated with a lower stroke rate in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), while higher levels of low-density lipoprotein are associated with a higher stroke rate.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samuel C. C. Siu, Douglas S. S. Lee, Jiming Fang, Peter C. C. Austin, Candice K. K. Silversides
Summary: This study compared the incidence of new hypertension after pregnancy in patients with and without preexisting heart disease. It found that patients with heart disease had a higher risk of developing hypertension after pregnancy, and new hypertension was associated with subsequent death or cardiovascular events.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lucas C. Godoy, Dennis T. Ko, Michael E. Farkouh, Baiju R. Shah, Peter C. Austin
Summary: The Cox proportional hazards model is a popular statistical tool for modeling time to event outcomes. However, in studies comparing coronary revascularization strategies, violations of proportionality can occur due to crossing hazard functions over time. This article discusses methods for identifying and accounting for nonproportionality and provides an example case study. It also reviews recent literature on how the proportionality assumption has been reported in coronary revascularization studies.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hifza Buhari, Jiming Fang, Lu Han, Peter C. Austin, Paul Dorian, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Amy Y. X. Yu, Moira K. Kapral, Sheldon M. Singh, Karen Tu, Dennis T. Ko, Clare L. Atzema, Emelia J. Benjamin, Douglas S. Lee, Husam Abdel-Qadir
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relationship between sex differences in age and cardiovascular care and stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF). The results showed that females had higher rates of stroke in AF even after adjusting for other factors. Older age and inequities in cardiovascular care partially explained the higher stroke rates in females with AF.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Peter C. Austin, Stef van Buuren
Summary: In this study, the statistical performance of predictive mean matching and logistic regression for imputing missing binary variables was compared through Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the two methods had virtually identical statistical performance when the analysis model was a logistic regression model.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
