Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Angela John Thurman, Amanda Dimachkie Nunnally
Summary: This study compared joint attention between preschool-aged boys with autism and fragile X syndrome (FXS). While joint attention appeared similar, differences were observed after controlling for other factors, particularly in language and anxiety symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Manuel Munz, Lioba Baving, Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
Summary: There is evidence that physical exercise during the daytime can stabilize sleep-dependent motor learning, particularly in adults. Children have higher levels of REM sleep and N3, but the reason why sleep does not benefit motor memory consolidation in children as in adults remains unclear.
MENTAL HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachana Nitin, Daniel E. Gustavson, Allison S. Aaron, Olivia A. Boorom, Catherine T. Bush, Natalie Wiens, Chloe Vaughan, Valentina Persici, Scott D. Blain, Uma Soman, David Z. Hambrick, Stephen M. Camarata, J. Devin McAuley, Reyna L. Gordon
Summary: Several studies have shown a link between rhythmic processing and language skill, suggesting that rhythm abilities may help children in language acquisition by enabling them to perceive prosodic markers of grammatical information. Working memory processes may also contribute to individual differences in musical rhythm and language abilities. This study investigated the relationship between musical rhythm and expressive grammar skills in 132 elementary school-aged children and found a significant correlation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Xin-Jie Xu, Xiao-E Cai, Fan-Chao Meng, Tian-Jia Song, Xiao-Xi Wang, Yi-Zhen Wei, Fu-Jun Zhai, Bo Long, Jun Wang, Xin You, Rong Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed metabolic profiles in urine and plasma samples collected from autistic boys, identifying different metabolites and potential disruptions in taurine, phenylalanine, and arginine metabolism pathways. The results suggest common metabolic perturbations in children with ASD, highlighting the need for further targeted analyses to validate these findings in a larger cohort.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Samuel Berkins, Beena Koshy, Roshan S. Livingstone, Anitha Jasper, Hannah Grace, Preethi Ravibabu, Ekta Rai
Summary: Our study found that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a reduced size of the corpus callosum (CC) compared to typically developing children (TD). We also found that CC morphology in autistic children is not significantly related to autism severity, verbal IQ (VIQ), or full-scale IQ (FSIQ). This is the first neuroimaging study to include a significant number of low-functioning ASD children (n=56).
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marketa Rygelova, Jaroslav Uchytil, Isaac Estevan Torres, Miroslav Janura
Summary: Independent walking is an important milestone in a child's development. This study aimed to compare non-normalized and normalized spatiotemporal parameters and their variability in children, and determine which parameters are most affected by aging.
Article
Neurosciences
Mo Modarres, David Cochran, David N. Kennedy, Jean A. Frazier
Summary: This study rigorously analyzed the quantitative EEG (qEEG) of typically developing boys and girls during resting state conditions. The results showed significant differences in various qEEG metrics between boys and girls, suggesting the importance of considering sex as a covariate in qEEG analysis. Furthermore, the study highlights the utility of narrow-band frequencies in examining brain activity in children.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kevin Deschamps, Maarten Eerdekens, Elegast Monbaliu, Gabriel Gijon, Filip Staes
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in foot joint kinetics and kinematics among children of different age groups, particularly in the ankle and Chopart joints. These findings have important implications for guiding clinical interventions in pediatric cohorts.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Annette Fox-Boyer, Sara Lavaggi, Silke Fricke
Summary: This study aimed to describe the phonological development of 183 typically developing monolingual Italian-speaking children aged 3;0-4;11. The results showed a gradual reduction of all measures with increasing age, with 22 patterns identified and half of the phonological variation falling into the category of InfrVar. The study highlights the influence of cut-off criteria on pattern identification and the need for more attention to InfrVar in speech production stability.
CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xiao-E Cai, Jiao Le, Xiao-Jing Shou, Gao-Wa Wu-Yun, Xiao-Xi Wang, Song-Ping Han, Ji-Sheng Han, Keith M. Kendrick, Rong Zhang
Summary: Children with autism exhibit reduced attention to social paired with nonsocial stimuli compared to typically developing children. Using eye-tracking we show this difference is due to typically developing rather than autistic boys being more influenced by how interesting competing nonsocial objects are. On the other hand, reduced time looking at the eyes in autistic relative to typically developing boys is unaffected by nonsocial object salience. Time spent viewing social stimuli is associated with cognitive development and blood levels of oxytocin.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Angela John Thurman, Cesar Hoyos Alvarez, Vivian Nguyen
Summary: This study provides a preliminary evaluation of using weighting procedures to measure communication in play samples for preschool-aged boys with autism or fragile X syndrome. The results indicate the psychometric appropriateness of these procedures, with slightly lower reliability scores observed in boys with autism. Context effects were also observed in the associations between weighting procedure communication scores. Overall, this study provides promising preliminary data on the utility of using weighting procedure communication scores in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lauren A. Roach, Mitchell K. Byrne, Steven J. Howard, Stuart J. Johnstone, Marijka Batterham, Ian M. R. Wright, Anthony D. Okely, Renate H. M. de Groot, Inge S. M. van der Wurff, Alison L. Jones, Barbara J. Meyer
Summary: The study investigated the effect of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on self-regulation and executive functioning in typically developing preschool-aged children, showing no significant improvements in these areas. Further research is needed to target children with sub-optimal self-regulation who may benefit most from n-3 LCPUFA supplementation.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Philipp Berger, David Buttelmann
Summary: The study found a small but significant association between inhibitory control ability and externalizing behavior problems in early childhood, but not with internalizing behavior problems. IC categorization did not have significant moderating effects on this association. The findings suggest that different subtypes of IC are related to externalizing, but not internalizing behavior problems in non-clinical populations.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Takashi Enokizono, Tatsuyuki Ohto, Mai Tanaka, Kazushi Maruo, Tomohiko Mizuguchi, Yuko Sano, Akihiko Kandori, Hidetoshi Takada
Summary: This study examined the differences in fine motor and coordination skills between boys with ADHD and typically developing boys, as well as the effects of MPH in boys with ADHD. The results showed that boys with ADHD had fewer taps and wider range of motion in finger-tapping movements compared to typically developing boys. MPH was found to improve bimanual fine motor coordination skills in boys with ADHD.
BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Nicky Peeters, Britta Hanssen, Nathalie De Beukelaer, Ines Vandekerckhove, Fenna Walhain, Ester Huyghe, Tijl Dewit, Hilde Feys, Anja Van Campenhout, Christine Van den Broeck, Patrick Calders, Kaat Desloovere
Summary: During childhood, muscle growth is influenced by various factors, including bone growth, physical activity, nutrition and genetics. Ultrasonography is a commonly used technique to assess muscle morphology, but there is a lack of normative data for monitoring muscle growth and pathology. This study provides a normative database of four lower limb muscles in typically developing children.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)