期刊
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
卷 64, 期 1, 页码 13-20出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01067
关键词
Apis mellifera; colony collapse disorder; eusociality; Food Quality Protection Act; pesticide residue; systemic
资金
- USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2010-03760]
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are uniquely vulnerable to nontarget pesticide impacts because, as ubiquitous managed pollinators, they are deliberately transported into areas where crops are grown with pesticides. Moreover, attributes making them excellent managed pollinators, including large long-lived colonies and complex behavior, also make them challenging subjects for toxicity bioassays. For over 150 years, improvements in formulation and delivery of pesticides, increasing their environmental and temporal presence, have had unintended consequences for honey bees. Since 1996, the Environmental Protection Agency has used aggregate risk-exposure risks to all possible sources-to set tolerances; once a risk cup is filled, no new pesticide or use can be approved unless risks are reduced elsewhere. The EPA now recommends a modeling approach for aggregating all exposure risks for bees, with differential lifestage sensitivity and exposure probabilities. Thus, the honey bee is the first insect with its own risk cup-a technological innovation that may not have unintended consequences for this beleaguered beneficial species.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据