Article
Plant Sciences
Barbara Rojas, Felipe Suarez-Vega, Susana Saez-Aguayo, Patricio Olmedo, Baltasar Zepeda, Joaquin Delgado-Rioseco, Bruno G. Defilippi, Romina Pedreschi, Claudio Meneses, Alonso G. Perez-Donoso, Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
Summary: The pre-anthesis application of CPPU can impact grape berry firmness by inducing changes in cell division and cell wall modification in the ovaries, leading to increased calcium content and higher firmness at harvest.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ben-Min Chang, Markus Keller
Summary: The study focused on the importance of skin integrity for fruit protection and structural support. Different treatments involving cuticular waxes and skin cell walls influenced the mechanical properties of grape berries. Results suggest that both cuticle and skin cell walls contribute to fruit resistance against splitting, and that current models for fruit splitting are complementary rather than contradictory.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Stefania Savoi, Suriyan Supapvanich, Heinrich Hildebrand, Nancy Stralis-Pavese, Astrid Forneck, David P. Kreil, Michaela Griesser
Summary: Berry shrivel (BS) is a prominent physiological disorder in grapevine that affects berry ripening. This study investigated the transcriptional modulation induced by BS in the rachis tissue of grape clusters. The results showed that BS suppresses cell wall biosynthesis and assembly, leading to a forced degradation of cell walls in symptomatic grape clusters.
Article
Plant Sciences
Wanyun Ma, Lili Xu, Shiwei Gao, Xingning Lyu, Xiaolei Cao, Yuxin Yao
Summary: The study observed that melatonin regulates the accumulation of most secondary metabolites in grape skin through ethylene, as shown in RNA-seq analysis and gene-metabolite association analysis. It was also found that melatonin induces VvMYB14 expression, which in turn activates VvACS1 to increase ethylene production, affecting secondary metabolite accumulation.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yu Gao, Jonatan U. Fangel, William G. T. Willats, Melane A. Vivier, John P. Moore
Summary: The study used glycan microarray technology to profile cell wall polysaccharide and glycoprotein epitopes of Shiraz berries, finding that skins were rich in pectins and xyloglucans, while pulp tissues contained mainly extensin glycoproteins. Overripe berries, particularly from warmer regions, showed degradation of pectin and extensin epitopes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Suwen Lu, Mengwei Zhang, Yaxian Zhuge, Weihong Fu, Qixia Ouyang, Wenran Wang, Yanhua Ren, Dan Pei, Jinggui Fang
Summary: The study revealed that VvERF17 plays a crucial role in chlorophyll degradation in grape berries by activating the expression of chlorophyll catabolic genes. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in grape berry color formation.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Giovanni Battista Tornielli, Marco Sandri, Marianna Fasoli, Alessandra Amato, Mario Pezzotti, Paola Zuccolotto, Sara Zenoni
Summary: This study utilized transcriptomic data to establish a molecular phenology scale (MPhS) for tracking the development of grape berries. The MPhS accurately quantified the genetic distance between fruit samples and revealed the complex dynamics of the transcriptional program over berry development. It proved to be a complementary method for mapping grape berry development with higher detail compared to classic approaches based on time or phenotype.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Brock Kuhlman, Jeanett Hansen, Bodil Jorgensen, Wessel du Toit, John P. Moore
Summary: Pectolytic enzyme maceration has no effect on the bitterness but increases astringency of red wines. The effect of pectolytic enzymes on the cell wall matrix is more significant than the ripeness of the berries and subsequent sensory perception.
Article
Horticulture
Mingtao Zhu, Lan Zheng, Yongxian Zeng, Jun Yu
Summary: Berry abscission is a significant issue in table grape during postharvest storage and transport, resulting in economic losses. In this study, two grape genotypes, one susceptible to abscission and one resistant to abscission were compared during storage. The results revealed that differences in berry detachment force, hormone content, enzyme activity, and antioxidant enzyme activity between the two genotypes contributed to the variation in abscission rate and fruit softening.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jean-Claude Boulet, Elissa Abi-Habib, Stephanie Carrillo, Stephanie Roi, Frederic Veran, Arnaud Verbaere, Emmanuelle Meudec, Anais Rattier, Marie-Agnes Ducasse, Bodil Jorgensen, Jeanett Hansen, Sophie Le Gall, Celine Poncet-Legrand, Veronique Cheynier, Thierry Doco, Aude Vernhet
Summary: The concentrations of anthocyanins and tannins extracted from berries in wines and from skin macerations in model solutions were studied for different grape varieties, maturation levels, and vintages. The analysis of cell wall polysaccharides using both the classical method and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling provided a comprehensive understanding of the polysaccharidic composition. The extraction efficiency was higher in wines compared to model solutions, with non acylated anthocyanins having the highest extraction efficiency, followed by tannins and p-coumaroylated anthocyanins. The polysaccharidic composition suggested the involvement of homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonans, and extensins in the extraction process.
Article
Forestry
Jun Sun, Xuemei Zhang, Jinli Zheng, Guangping Liu, Lijing Chen
Summary: In this study, we investigated the resistance levels of eight hazelnut varieties to Botrytis cinerea infection. The results showed that different varieties responded differently to the infection, with DW and OZ being the most resistant, and L1 and QX being the most susceptible. Enzyme activity analysis validated the resistance order revealed by disease index assessment results.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Laszlo Korosi, Szilard Molnar, Peter Teszlak, Agnes Dornyei, Erika Maul, Reinhard Toepfer, Tamas Marosvolgyi, Eva Szabo, Franco Roeckel
Summary: This study compared the anthocyanin profiles of 15 teinturier grape varieties collected from a gene bank in Hungary. Twenty-one anthocyanins were identified and quantified. The results showed significant differences in anthocyanin patterns between the skin and juice. The findings provide valuable information for chemotaxonomy and help in selecting suitable teinturier varieties for food coloring or winemaking purposes.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Prawit Buayai, Kabin Yok-In, Daisuke Inoue, Hiromitsu Nishizaki, Koji Makino, Xiaoyang Mao
Summary: Berry thinning is a crucial process in table grape cultivation, but it requires professional skills and has a limited period for implementation. This paper proposes a system that empowers unskilled farmers to conduct berry thinning using deep neural network and augmented reality technology, leading to improved grape quality.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming Li, Rui Chen, Hong Gu, Dawei Cheng, Xizhi Guo, Caiyun Shi, Lan Li, Guoyi Xu, Shicao Gu, Zhiyong Wu, Jinyong Chen
Summary: Through a systematic analysis of the grape SAUR gene family, researchers identified candidate genes related to grape berry size, providing new insights for grape breeding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Horticulture
Peian Zhang, Qianqian Zuo, Huanchun Jin, Tariq Pervaiz, Tianyu Dong, Dan Pei, Yanhua Ren, Haifeng Jia, Jingggui Fang
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified SnRK2s as important regulators in grape berry development and resistance against B. cinerea in strawberries. Specifically, VvSnRK2.2 and VvSnRK2.7 promoted fruit ripening, while VvSnRK2.3 and VvSnRK2.6 enhanced resistance against B. cinerea.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Azeddine Driouich, Alexia Gaudry, Barbara Pawlak, John P. Moore
Summary: Root cap-derived cells and mucilage form a root extracellular trap (RET) similar to the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) in mammals, containing defensive molecules and attracting specific microbes to the rhizosphere through arabinogalactan proteins.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aleksandar Antanasijevic, Leigh M. Sewall, Christopher A. Cottrell, Diane G. Carnathan, Luis E. Jimenez, Julia T. Ngo, Jennifer B. Silverman, Bettina Groschel, Erik Georgeson, Jinal Bhiman, Raiza Bastidas, Celia LaBranche, Joel D. Allen, Jeffrey Copps, Hailee R. Perrett, Kimmo Rantalainen, Fabien Cannac, Yuhe R. Yang, Alba Torrents de la Pena, Rebeca Froes Rocha, Zachary T. Berndsen, David Baker, Neil P. King, Rogier W. Sanders, John P. Moore, Shane Crotty, Max Crispin, David C. Montefiori, Dennis R. Burton, William R. Schief, Guido Silvestri, Andrew B. Ward
Summary: The authors proposed a method called cryoEMPEM for high-resolution structural analysis of vaccine-elicited polyclonal antibody responses. By applying this method in rhesus macaques, they were able to determine different polyclonal antibody structures and reveal new epitopes in the immune response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tom G. Caniels, Ilja Bontjer, Karlijn van der Straten, Meliawati Poniman, Judith A. Burger, Brent Appelman, Ayesha H. A. Lavell, Melissa Oomen, Gert-Jan Godeke, Coralie Valle, Ramona Mogling, Hugo D. G. van Willigen, Elke Wynberg, Michiel Schinkel, Lonneke A. van Vught, Denise Guerra, Jonne L. Snitselaar, Devidas N. Chaturbhuj, Isabel Cuella Martin, John P. Moore, Menno D. de Jong, Chantal Reusken, Jonne J. Sikkens, Marije K. Bomers, Godelieve J. de Bree, Marit J. van Gils, Dirk Eggink, Rogier W. Sanders
Summary: New SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a threat to human immunity, with most individuals showing significantly reduced neutralization against three variants, especially B.1.351. Hospitalized patients and vaccine recipients maintained sufficient neutralizing titers, while a substantial portion of non-hospitalized patients exhibited no neutralization against B.1.351.
Article
Immunology
Kwinten Sliepen, Edith Schermer, Ilja Bontjer, Judith A. Burger, Reka Felfodine Levai, Philipp Mundsperger, Philip J. M. Brouwer, Monica Tolazzi, Atilla Farsang, Dietmar Katinger, John P. Moore, Gabriella Scarlatti, Robin J. Shattock, Quentin J. Sattentau, Rogier W. Sanders
Summary: The study showed that ISCOMATRIX was the most effective adjuvant, while GLA-LSQ adjuvant unexpectedly induced strong antibody response, though it may compromise the production of more desired anti-trimer antibodies due to an off-target effect. Both adjuvants and nanoparticle display can enhance the antibody response to SOSIP trimers, but the optimal combination requires experimental identification.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yu Gao, Jonatan U. Fangel, William G. T. Willats, Melane A. Vivier, John P. Moore
Summary: The study used glycan microarray technology to profile cell wall polysaccharide and glycoprotein epitopes of Shiraz berries, finding that skins were rich in pectins and xyloglucans, while pulp tissues contained mainly extensin glycoproteins. Overripe berries, particularly from warmer regions, showed degradation of pectin and extensin epitopes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edgar A. Hodge, Gajendra S. Naika, Sally M. Kephart, Adam Nguyen, Richard Zhu, Mark A. Benhaim, Wenjin Guo, John P. Moore, Shiu-Lok Hu, Rogier W. Sanders, Kelly K. Lee
Summary: Using hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), the study mapped the local dynamics of native-like Env SOSIP trimers from diverse isolates. The results showed significant differences in epitope order across most sites targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies, and isolate-dependent conformational switching occurring over a broad range of timescales. Furthermore, hyper-stabilizing mutations that dampen dynamics in some isolates had little effect on others.
Article
Biology
Anscha J. J. Zietsman, John P. Moore, Jonatan U. Fangel, William G. T. Willats, Melane A. Vivier
Summary: This study demonstrated the utilization of industrial wine yeast strains expressing hydrolytic enzymes in fermenting Chardonnay pomace, unraveling cell walls of berry tissues. Recombinant yeast strains producing endo-polygalacturonase and endo-glucanase are effective in modifying berry tissue cell walls and enriching rhamnogalacturonan-type polymers.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Brock Kuhlman, Jeanett Hansen, Bodil Jorgensen, Wessel du Toit, John P. Moore
Summary: Pectolytic enzyme maceration has no effect on the bitterness but increases astringency of red wines. The effect of pectolytic enzymes on the cell wall matrix is more significant than the ripeness of the berries and subsequent sensory perception.
Article
Virology
Philippe Colin, Rajesh P. Ringe, Anila Yasmeen, Gabriel Ozorowski, Thomas J. Ketas, Wen-Hsin Lee, Andrew B. Ward, John P. Moore, P. J. Klasse
Summary: Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) protect against HIV-1 infection by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) and blocking its receptor interactions and fusion function. The persistent fraction of neutralization is largely determined by the affinity of the antibody. Different Nabs have varying effects on different HIV-1 strains.
Article
Cell Biology
Tom G. Caniels, Max Medina-Ramirez, Jinsong Zhang, Anita Sarkar, Sonu Kumar, Alex LaBranche, Ronald Derking, Joel D. Allen, Jonne L. Snitselaar, Joan Capella-Pujol, Ivan del Moral Sanchez, Anila Yasmeen, Marilyn Diaz, Yoann Aldon, Tom P. L. Bijl, Sravani Venkatayogi, Joshua S. Martin Beem, Amanda Newman, Chuancang Jiang, Wen-Hsin Lee, Maarten Pater, Judith A. Burger, Marielle J. van Breemen, Steven W. de Taeye, Kimmo Rantalainen, Celia LaBranche, Kevin O. Saunders, David Montefiori, Gabriel Ozorowski, Andrew B. Ward, Max Crispin, John P. Moore, Per Johan Klasse, Barton F. Haynes, Ian A. Wilson, Kevin Wiehe, Laurent Verkoczy, Rogier W. Sanders
Summary: Targeting germline precursors of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is an important strategy for HIV-1 vaccines. The VRC01-class of bNAbs, which require extensive somatic hypermutation, can be optimized for vaccine-induced affinity maturation by selecting boosting immunogens. The results demonstrate proof of concept for generating cross-reactive antibody responses that require rare insertions and deletions.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dominic Vogel, Paul Hills, John P. Moore
Summary: Priming agents, such as synthetic strigolactones, induce resistance in plants against pathogens by priming redox-associated compounds to produce an antioxidant protective response. These priming agents have the potential to alter the ROS homeostasis of pathogens, resulting in morphological and physiological changes that reduce virulence in both tobacco and grapevine plants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Brock Kuhlman, Jose Luis Aleixandre-Tudo, Wessel du Toit, John P. Moore
Summary: Polysaccharides in red wine, particularly those derived from yeast, are difficult to separate and identify. This study used chromatography and immunodetection to analyze the composition of extracted polysaccharides, revealing changes in molecular weight and specific classes of polysaccharides in enzyme-treated wines. ELISA data suggested the presence of a specific arabinogalactan protein-rhamnogalacturonan I-xyloglucan co-polymer in the soluble polysaccharides of these wines. This is the first report to use ELISA to identify changes in specific polysaccharide classes during enzyme preparation in wine maceration.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Brock Kuhlman, Jose Luis Aleixandre-Tudo, John P. Moore, Wessel du Toit
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between astringency in wine and salivary protein precipitation. Results showed that wine polysaccharides compete with tannins for salivary proteins as ligand partners, and enzyme-treated polysaccharides changed astringency perception at a lower concentration.
Article
Cell Biology
Behnaz Heydarchi, Danielle S. Fong, Hongmei Gao, Natalia A. Salazar-Quiroz, Jack M. Edwards, Christopher A. Gonelli, Samantha Grimley, Turgut E. Aktepe, Charlene Mackenzie, William J. Wales, Marit J. van Gils, Albert Cupo, Isabelle Rouiller, Paul R. Gooley, John P. Moore, Rogier W. Sanders, David Montefiori, Ashish Sethi, Damian F. J. Purcell
Summary: In this study, HIV-1 vaccination of cows resulted in the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), and a more potent bNAb was identified. The use of stable SOSIP trimers in cows can induce the production of bNAbs targeting epitopes ubiquitous across subtypes.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Edgar A. Hodge, Sally Kephart, Wenjin Guo, Shiu-Lok Hu, John P. Moore, Rogier W. Sanders, Kelly K. Lee
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)