Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leandro Rocha Silva, Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Junior
Summary: This article provides an introduction to the relationship between cancer and RAS proteins, as well as a detailed discussion on the prenylation mechanism of cysteine residues. It also discusses studies involving manumycin-related compounds, including their synthesis routes and their application in combined therapies with other anticancer drugs.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Zou, Haiwang Wang, Shiyi Xia, Jiachao Chang, Fengwei Shao, Lin Shang, Yuemei Hu, Guotong Li
Summary: In this study, an interference simulation framework was developed to analyze the potential impact of NGSO systems on RAS according to ITU regulations. The framework supports the simulation of individual and aggregate interference from NGSO satellite systems. By inputting satellite system parameters, the framework provides interference probability distributions for RAS ground stations at different latitudes and observation directions. The simulation results are important for analyzing and mitigating interference from NGSO satellite systems to RASs.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Li Zhang, Xinyong Guo, Zexing Zhang, Aiying Wang, Jianbo Zhu
Summary: The study identified that the expression of LeCOR413PM2 gene increases under cold stress, and its overexpression can enhance cold tolerance in transgenic tomato plants, while suppression of its expression through RNA interference increases plant sensitivity to cold.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiajia Zhao, Shuo Yan, Mingshan Li, Lina Sun, Min Dong, Meizhen Yin, Jie Shen, Zhangwu Zhao
Summary: RNA biopesticides are seen as the third revolution in pesticides history due to their precision, efficiency, and eco-friendliness. Through a star polycation nanocarrier-based delivery system, high RNA interference efficiency of npfr was achieved. A highly efficient bacteria-based expression system was used to produce large amounts of dsRNA segments targeting npfr and ampk simultaneously, which were then complexed with nanocarriers to develop a dual-target RNA pesticide. It significantly inhibits larval feeding, growth, and development, outperforming the widely-used azadirachtin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Moqbel Ali Moqbel Redhwan, M. G. Hariprasad, Suman Samaddar, Sumaia Abdulbari Ahmed Ali Hard, Vidyabhushan Yadav, Apurbo Mukherjee, Rahul Kumar
Summary: This review examines the clinical trials on siRNA published in the last 5 years to understand its benefits, pharmacokinetics, and safety. So far, 55 clinical studies have been conducted on siRNA, showing its effectiveness and safety in treating various diseases. However, there are limitations and uncertainties, such as cellular uptake, precise targeting, and elimination from the body.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seung Hyun Ahn, Dowoon Gu, Yongjun Koh, Hye-Sook Lee, Sung Wook Chi
Summary: By reanalysing AGO CLIP data in RNA viruses, putative AGO binding sites for siRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were delineated, and it was found that siRNAs loaded onto AGO can repress target transcripts by acting as miRNAs. Utilizing seed sequences of known antifibrotic miRNAs, potential siRNAs for treating COVID-19 were identified and validated for their activity in lung cell lines.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yibin Zhu, Chi Zhang, Liming Zhang, Yun Yang, Xi Yu, Jinglin Wang, Qiyong Liu, Penghua Wang, Gong Cheng
Summary: This study reveals how a human-blood-derived microRNA, hsa-miR-150-5p, interferes with the mosquito's antiviral system to facilitate flavivirus infection and transmission. By hijacking the mosquito's RNA interference system, this microRNA suppresses the expression of certain chymotrypsins with potent virucidal activity, impacting the transmission of arboviruses.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Marta Papis, Camilla Loro, Michele Penso, Gianluigi Broggini, Francesca Foschi
Summary: The synthesis of modified morpholino monomers was achieved through condensation reactions under Lewis acid conditions, utilizing a simple and efficient method to access diversified optically pure morpholino monomers with high yields and anomeric ratios.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Pengfei Hao, Han Liu, Baogang Lin, Yun Ren, Lan Huang, Lixi Jiang, Shuijin Hua
Summary: In this study, the metabolites and genes involved in red pigment formation in rapeseed petals were identified. Flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, were found to play an important role in red pigment formation, and BnaA03.ANS was identified as an irreplaceable gene in red-flowered rapeseed.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maritere Uriostegui-Arcos, Steven T. T. Mick, Zhuo Shi, Rufuto Rahman, Ana Fiszbein
Summary: This study presents a strategy to activate gene expression through exon-mediated activation of transcription starts (EMATS) and demonstrates its potential for treating genetic diseases caused by loss of expression of essential genes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaowei Zhang, Trevor J. McFarland, Kristina Vartanian, Yong Zhu, Christina A. Harrington, Cong-Qiu Chu
Summary: Isolating high quality RNA from articular cartilage has been challenging due to low cellularity and the high abundance of extracellular matrix and proteoglycan proteins. Methods developed for larger cartilage specimens are less successful with smaller tissue inputs. An improved RNA extraction method is needed for small focal defect cartilage specimens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Artemii A. Ivanov, Olga N. Leonova, Daniil S. Wiebe, Alexsandr Krutko, Mariya M. Gridina, Veniamin S. Fishman, Yurii S. Aulchenko, Yakov A. Tsepilov, Tatiana S. Golubeva
Summary: The problem of isolating high-quality total RNA from intervertebral discs has not been solved yet. In this study, a combination of the traditional QIAzol protocol and RNEasy column purification was used to obtain high-quality RNA from post-surgical intervertebral disc fragments. The isolated RNA is suitable for studying the expression profile of chondrocytes in situ.
Article
Plant Sciences
Veli Vural Uslu, Athanasios Dalakouras, Victor A. Steffens, Gabi Krczal, Michael Wassenegger
Summary: Transitivity in plants relies on RDR6-mediated dsRNA synthesis and DCL endonuclease activity to reinforce target RNA cleavage through the formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex. This study found that the primary target site influences gene silencing and transitivity, with dsRNA synthesis generally initiated at the 3MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-end of the target RNA.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ryohei Kajino, Shuichi Sakamoto, Yoshihito Ueno
Summary: In this study, the synthesis of (S)-5'-C-aminopropyl-2'-O-methyladenosine and (S)-5'-C-aminopropyl-2'-O-methylguanosine phosphoramidites was reported, and the properties of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) containing four (S)-5'-C-aminopropyl-2'-O-methylnucleosides were investigated. The results showed that siRNAs containing (S)-5'-C-aminopropyl-nucleosides at the 3'- and 5'-regions of the passenger strand exhibited good tolerance for RNA interference (RNAi) activity, while the (S)-5'-C-aminopropyl modification in the central region of the passenger strand decreased the RNAi activity. Furthermore, siRNAs containing three or four consecutive (S)-5'-C-aminopropyl-2'-O-methylnucleosides at the 3'- and 5'-regions of the passenger strand showed RNAi activity similar to that of the corresponding 2'-O-methyl-modified siRNAs. Finally, it was observed that (S)-5'-C-aminopropyl modifications effectively improved the serum stability of the siRNAs compared with 2'-O-methyl modifications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Phaedra Winstanley-Zarach, Gregor Rot, Shweta Kuba, Aibek Smagul, Mandy J. J. Peffers, Simon R. R. Tew
Summary: Polyadenylation (polyA) defines the 3' boundary of a transcript's genetic information. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) transcripts can exist for a gene, causing variance in regulatory domains and potential coding sequence changes. This study analyzed the polyA site distribution in healthy and osteoarthritic knee articular chondrocytes and found modest differential use of polyadenylation sites between the two conditions, suggesting potential functional relevance in affected genes. This characterization of polyadenylation landscape contributes to understanding the role of polyA in knee osteoarthritis, distinguishing it from other pathologies such as cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuri Nagaoka, Kotone Oshiro, Yuta Yoshino, Toshiyuki Matsunaga, Satoshi Endo, Akira Ikari
Summary: This study investigated the effect of intercellular adhesion molecule CLDN1 on the anticancer drug sensitivity of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. It was found that overexpression of CLDN1 decreased the sensitivity of SCLC cells to anticancer drugs and enhanced their migratory capacity through the activation of the TGF-81/EMT signaling pathway. Treatment with EMT inhibitors showed potential in overcoming the reduced sensitivity to anticancer drugs in CLDN1-overexpressing SCLC cells.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2024)
