Further evidence of a dissociation between decision-making under ambiguity and decision-making under risk in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Background: Deficits in decision making have been suggested as a key concept in understanding the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, evidence in the extant literature remains inconclusive on whether patients with OCD show inferior performance on laboratory decision making tasks. The aims of the present study were therefore to (1) assess decision making under ambiguity and under risk in patients with OCD and (2) study the influence of neuropsychological and clinical variables on decision making in OCD. Methods: The sample consisted of 65 patients with OCD and 58 controls. The Iowa gambling task (IGT) and the game of dice task (GDT) were used to examine decision-making under ambiguity and decision making under risk, respectively. In addition, reversal learning and executive function were assessed in terms of their relationship with decision making tasks. Results: Patients with OCD showed impairment in the IGT, but not in the GDT. Reversal learning was neither impaired nor correlated with IGT performance. Among the clinical variables, illness severity and depression were associated with IGT scores. Executive function was impaired, but no significant relationship was found between executive function and GDT performance in OCD patients. Limitations: Almost all OCD patients were on medication when they performed decision-making tasks. Conclusions: Patients with OCD are impaired in decision-making under ambiguity, but not under risk. These findings demonstrate that decision-making processes are dissociated in OCD. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.