Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pengfei Qin, Helong Hui, Wenli Song, Hao Wu, Songgeng Li
Summary: A high P-availability glass phosphate fertilizer was manufactured from municipal sewage sludge ash (SSA) using a conventional method for fused calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (FCMP). The P-availability of the SSA-made FCMP was examined by varying the amount of alkali earth metals (MO, CaO and MgO) added. Various techniques were used to analyze the structure of the SSA-made FCMP, and it was found that the depolymerization of the silicate glass network due to MO addition was the main factor contributing to the improvement of P-availability.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaolong Yu, Yousuke Nakamura, Masanari Otsuka, Daisuke Omori, Shinsuke Haruta
Summary: A new system for recovering phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) was proposed in this study, with laboratory tests showing high recovery rates and product purity. The system proved to meet fertilizer standards and be cost-effective, providing a practical alternative for phosphorus recovery.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Andrea C. Guhl, Sabine Gilbricht, Carsten Paetzold, Bernhard Schulz, Martin Bertau
Summary: Understanding the associations of phosphate compounds in sewage sludge ash is crucial for efficient recycling and recovery of phosphorus. Automated mineralogy systems provide a deeper insight into the phase associations of phosphate-bearing phases in ash. Failing to comprehend these associations may lead to inefficient processes and hinder resource recovery efforts.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Persephone Ma, Carl Rosen
Summary: Recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge incinerator ash (SSA) can help redirect valuable nutrients back into the food system, but requires thorough research on SSA properties, phosphorus availability, contaminant concentrations, and behavior in soil. Approaches for P recovery from SSA must take into account individual characteristics of the material and regional requirements and regulations for land application. In this review, the history of P recovery from SSA is discussed along with research on characterization, contaminants, P availability, and land application of SSA.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aleksandra Bogdan, Ciaran O' Donnell, Ana Alejandra Robles Aguilar, Ivona Sigurnjak, Niamh Power, Evi Michels, Joe Harrington, Erik Meers
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of five fertilizers recovered from municipal wastewater on perennial ryegrass dry matter (DM) and phosphorus concentration. Results showed significant differences among the fertilizers at the lowest P dose, but less variation at higher doses. Struvite, ash, and iron phosphate exhibited steady P release patterns, while one type of ash showed delayed release followed by an increase. Monitoring P uptake for at least four months during perennial ryegrass growth was found to be necessary, with seven months being the optimal period for reaching the full capacity of slow-release P fertilizers.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuxiang Zhong, Guanting Liu, Xiao Yang
Summary: Natural phosphorus resources are depleting and recycling phosphorus from waste is crucial to address phosphorus shortage. The use of sewage sludge ash has been demonstrated as a suitable resource for elemental phosphorus preparation. By leaching in molten CaCl2, the ash can release PO43- and be electrochemically split into elemental phosphorus and O2-. This technology offers technical advantages such as enhanced leaching rate and impurity control, with an estimated cost of less than 2 USD (kg-P)-1. It contributes to closing the phosphorus loop for sustainable utilization.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Le Fang, Qiming Wang, Jiang-shan Li, Chi Sun Poon, C. R. Cheeseman, Shane Donatello, Daniel C. W. Tsang
Summary: This study focuses on phosphorus recovery from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) and suggests recommendations including optimizing the extraction process, developing plant-available adsorption media, and forming a high-purity phosphorus product.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Long Su, Lingyu Hu, Qinghong Sui, Chengcheng Ding, Di Fang, Lixiang Zhou
Summary: Fungal extraction with Aspergillus niger was used to reclaim phosphorus from sewage sludge ash (SSA), using an organic-rich effluent produced in sludge dewatering as a nutrient source. After 5 days of fungal treatment, 85% of the phosphorus was leached from the ash, mainly due to the dissolution of Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4, and Mg3(PO4)2. A hydroxyapatite (HAP) product with a purity of > 85% was obtained from the extract after removal of metal cations by cation exchange resin (CER) and precipitation with CaCl2. Ultimately, 73.2 wt% of phosphorus was recovered from SSA through integrated fungal extraction, CER purification, and HAP crystallization.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Yao Xu, Longlong Zhang, Jiabin Chen, Tongcai Liu, Nan Li, Jiao Xu, Wenjun Yin, Dapeng Li, Yalei Zhang, Xuefei Zhou
Summary: This paper provides an overview of phosphorus transformation in sewage sludge incineration, characterization of sewage sludge ash components, and wet-chemical and thermochemical processes for phosphorus recovery with comprehensive technical, economic, and environmental assessment. Legislation is significant for promoting phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash due to weak economics.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Aleksandra Bogdan, Ana Alejandra Robles Aguilar, Olivier Nys, Evi Michels, Erik Meers
Summary: This study investigated the P availability of recycled phosphorus fertilizers through eleven different chemical P extractions. The results showed that STRSL and STRLQ had higher P concentrations extracted, while ASH2 and FeP had highly variable P concentrations. The plant P uptake efficiency followed the order: STRSL > STRLQ > ASH1 > FeP > ASH2.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. Sica, C. Kopp, D. S. Mueller-Stover, J. Magid
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different pretreatments on the phosphorus dynamics of biofertilizers in the soil. The results showed that acidification and alkalization increased the phosphorus solubility of the biomaterials. Acidification significantly increased the total amount of phosphorus released from the biomaterials to the soil, while alkalization increased the apparent recovery in the soil.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yang Dong, Rongzhen Yu, Tinggui Yan, Xiaojiao Zhao, Wei Zhang
Summary: Phosphorus is a depletable resource, and incinerated sludge ash can be used as a complement to phosphatic fertilizers. The study shows that the form of phosphorus can change and affect its bioavailability under certain temperatures and Ca/P ratios.
Article
Environmental Sciences
T. Fournie, C. Switzer, J. Gerhard
Summary: The study compared the Hedley fractionation method to the LEAF pH-dependent tests to assess the bioavailability of phosphorus, finding that thermal treatment transformed phosphorus into less available forms. Hedley method left a significant portion of phosphorus unextracted from sludge and ash, suggesting it may be less suitable for organic materials. In contrast, LEAF methods provided more detailed and easily interpreted results, facilitating a more robust assessment of organic and inorganic solids for land application.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gustav Haggstrom, Thomas Karl Hannl, Per Holmgren, Markus Brostrom, Nils Skoglund, Marcus Ohman
Summary: The distribution and chemical speciation of phosphorus in the co-combustion of sewage sludge with wheat straw and sunflower husks were investigated in powder combustion conditions. The results showed that the inorganic material in the fuel particles interacted mainly through a molten phase. It was found that the majority of phosphorus was present in deposits and bottom ash, indicating that phosphorus recovery efforts should focus on these ash fractions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Monika Kasina
Summary: Sewage sludge incineration ash is a rich source of phosphorus, which can be utilized as a substitute for natural phosphorus resources. This study found that sulfuric acid is the most effective in releasing phosphorus, while Na-EDTA compound is more efficient in extracting heavy metals and potentially toxic elements.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Christian Vogel, Marie C. Hoffmann, Mareike C. Taube, Oliver Krueger, Rafal Baran, Christian Adam
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Christopher Hamann, Marina Spanka, Dirk Stolle, Gerhard Auer, Eric Weingart, Dominik Al-Sabbagh, Markus Ostermann, Christian Adam
Summary: Selective removal of Zn, Pb, and Cd from BF sludge was investigated through chlorination-evaporation reactions. Zinc and Pb were quantitatively removed after thermochemical treatment at 650-1000 degrees C, while other major elements were mostly retained.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Christian Vogel, Julian Helfenstein, Michael S. Massey, Ryo Sekine, Ruben Kretzschmar, Luo Beiping, Thomas Peter, Oliver A. Chadwick, Federica Tamburini, Camille Rivard, Hannes Herzel, Christian Adam, Ana E. Pradas del Real, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Lucia Zuin, Dongniu Wang, Roberto Felix, Benedikt Lassalle-Kaiser, Emmanuel Frossard
Summary: This study analyzed soil samples from six sites along a climatic gradient on Hawaii to investigate the presence of dust-derived phosphorus-containing minerals. The research found evidence of apatite grains collocated with quartz in wettest soils, suggesting recent atmospheric deposition of dust particles carrying phosphorus. Additionally, backward trajectory modeling indicated that dust particles may have been transported to Hawaii from major global dust-loading areas in central Asia and northern Africa.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Karin Weimann, Christian Adam, Matthias Buchert, Juergen Sutter
Summary: Gypsum is widely used in construction, and the recycling of waste gypsum is important in a circular economy. Environmental evaluation shows that recycled gypsum can be more environmentally friendly compared to natural gypsum or FGD gypsum, with transportation distances playing a significant role in the results.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marie C. Gentzmann, Katharina Schraut, Christian Vogel, Hans-Eike Gaebler, Thomas Huthwelker, Christian Adam
Summary: This paper focuses on the speciation of scandium in bauxite residues from different sources. The study reveals the distribution of scandium in bauxite residues and its association with their geological background. Different aluminum phases show significant variations in scandium content, and factors such as mineral type, atmospheric conditions, and bauxite genetic history significantly influence the occurrence of scandium in bauxite residues.
APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
H. Herzel, J. Stemann, S. Simon, C. Adam
Summary: There is an ongoing debate in Europe regarding the criticality of phosphorus, with Switzerland and Germany requiring phosphorus recovery from phosphorus-rich waste streams. Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash has shown to remove heavy metals and produce plant-available CaNaPO4. Upscaling of the process was successful, but differences were noticed in phosphorus solubility and crystal phases between pilot-scale and laboratory-scale experiments. Heavy metal removal increased at higher temperatures, while phosphorus solubility peaked at 950 degrees C in pilot-scale and 875 degrees C in laboratory-scale experiments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Katharina Schraut, Florian Kargl, Christian Adam, Oleh Ivashko
Summary: Phase formation and evolution in the CaO-SiO2 system with 70-80 mol% CaO were studied using container-less processing and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Changes in di- and tricalcium silicate were observed at lower temperatures than equilibrium conditions. Despite deep sample undercooling, no metastable phase formation was observed within the measurement timescale of 1 s.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katharina Schraut, Burkart Adamczyk, Christian Adam, Dietmar Stephan, Birgit Meng, Sebastian Simon, Julia von Werder
Summary: In this study, BOFS was successfully transformed into clinker-like products through carbothermal reduction, with similar chemical and mineralogical composition to ordinary Portland cement. Although the pure products showed slower hydration compared to commercial OPC, their reactivity can be further increased through specific adaptations to potentially serve as a full clinker substitute. Alternatively, the material can be used without modifications as a cement component or concrete addition to contribute to strength development.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2021)
Correction
Biochemical Research Methods
Lennart Gehrenkemper, Fabian Simon, Philipp Roesch, Emily Fischer, Marcus von der Au, Jens Pfeifer, Antje Cossmer, Philipp Wittwer, Christian Vogel, Franz-Georg Simon, Bjoern Meermann
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Philipp Roesch, Christian Vogel, Thomas Huthwelker, Philipp Wittwer, Franz-Georg Simon
Summary: Fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used for the first time to detect per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils and sewage sludges, offering the ability to differentiate between inorganic and organic fluorides without sample pre-treatment. While direct detection of targeted PFAS in bulk-XANES spectroscopy was not feasible in low concentration samples, direct analysis of pure PFAS showed promise for analyzing organofluorine species in more concentrated samples. Additionally, combustion ion chromatography (CIC) measurements emphasized that sewage sludges are a significant source of organic fluorine in agriculture.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniel Steckenmesser, Christian Vogel, Hannes Herzel, Roberto Felix, Christian Adam, Diedrich Steffens
Summary: The availability and quality of phosphorus resources are declining, highlighting the importance of recycling P-fertilizers. Sewage sludge is a key secondary P resource, and thermal treatment is a promising method for producing highly plant-available P-fertilizers. Understanding the source of primary P in SSL is essential for choosing the most appropriate thermal treatment method.
JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Christian Vogel, Ashlea Doolette, Jianyin Huang
Summary: This study presents a promising approach that combines DGT technique with solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy to identify organic phosphorus species in soil and analyze the hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate.
AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lennart Gehrenkemper, Fabian Simon, Philipp Roesch, Emily Fischer, Marcus von der Au, Jens Pfeifer, Antje Cossmer, Philipp Wittwer, Christian Vogel, Franz-Georg Simon, Bjoern Meermann
Summary: This study compared the applicability of CIC and HR-CS-GFMAS in determining organically bound fluorine sum parameters, finding that HR-CS-GFMAS is more sensitive and precise than CIC. AOF and EOF are comparable tools in risk evaluation for emerging pollutants, with EOF being much faster to conduct.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Franz-Georg Simon, Christian Vogel, Ute Kalbe
Summary: This study found that antimony and vanadium in IBA exhibited different leaching behavior than other heavy metals, with their concentrations steadily increasing after one year of operation at a certain liquid-to-solid ratio due to low Ca concentrations leading to the formation of CaCO3.
