Elemental analysis of silver coins by PIXE technique

Elemental analysis of nine Indian silver coins during British rule was carried out by proton induced Xray emission spectroscopy. Eight elements, namely Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, and Pb were determined in the present study. Ag and Cu were found to be the major elements, Zn was the only minor element and all other elements are present at the trace level. The variation of the elemental concentration may be due to the use of different ores for making coins. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.