Article
Physiology
Killian Salzmann, Anthony M. J. Sanchez, Fabio Borrani
Summary: This study found that applying different levels of blood flow restriction (BFR) during heavy cycling exercise can slow down the main phase time of VO2, increase the amplitude of the slow component, and accelerate the phase 3 amplitude of O-2 extraction kinetics. This suggests that using BFR in heavy exercise may shift the muscles to a more oxygen-dependent situation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ai Yin Lim, Yi-Ching Chen, Chih-Chin Hsu, Tieh-Cheng Fu, Jong-Shyan Wang
Summary: This systematic review investigated the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial function in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. The results showed that exercise can improve mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and significantly enhance oxidative capacity in CVD patients. However, the effects on mitochondrial dynamics, antioxidant capacity, and quality were inconclusive or inadequate. Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to explore the pathways through which exercise modifies mitochondrial quantity and quality in CVD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Edward Z. Pelka, B. Ryan Davis, Patrick M. Tomko, John McDaniel
Summary: This study compared differences in skeletal muscle oxygen consumption and mitochondrial recovery between voluntary and electrically stimulated contractions. The results showed that electrically stimulated contractions resulted in higher oxygen consumption rates compared to voluntary contractions, but the mitochondrial recovery rates were similar. These findings may help explain the increased rate of fatigue observed during electrically stimulated exercise in individuals with muscle paralysis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ronit Aviram, Inbar Kima, Yisrael Parmet, Haim Bassan, Thierry Willigenburg, Raziel Riemer, Simona Bar-Haim
Summary: This study evaluated muscle haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) at rest and during exercise. The results showed that participants with CP had lower muscle blood flow at rest and low load, but increased blood flow at high load. Compared to typically developing individuals, participants with CP had higher muscle saturation, suggesting inefficient oxygen utilization.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Laurent A. Messonnier
Summary: Although sickle cell disease (SCD) is related to a single point mutation, there is extreme variability in the clinical presentation among patients. Genetic variants may contribute to this variability. In this study, Dosunmu-Ogunbi et al. highlighted the importance of a genetic variant affecting mitochondrial function in the cardiovascular pathophysiology of SCD. Their findings provide important insights and perspectives for patient management.
Article
Neurosciences
Lucrezia Zuccarelli, Giovanni Baldassarre, Benedetta Magnesa, Cristina Degano, Marina Comelli, Mladen Gasparini, Giorgio Manferdelli, Mauro Marzorati, Irene Mavelli, Andrea Pilotto, Simone Porcelli, Letizia Rasica, Bostjan Simunic, Rado Pisot, Marco Narici, Bruno Grassi
Summary: Following a 10-day bed rest, impaired microvascular-endothelial function was observed, while mitochondrial mass and function remained unaffected or slightly enhanced. Moreover, resting muscle oxygen uptake was significantly lower after bed rest, indicating that catabolic processes induced by bed rest/inactivity are less energy-consuming than anabolic ones.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrizia Bottoni, Giulia Gionta, Roberto Scatena
Summary: Mitochondrial myopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by genetic mutations in proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These myopathies show significant differences in their evolution, but some physiological and pathophysiological aspects of mitochondria reveal other potential molecular mechanisms that may play a significant role in their clinical progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ke Jiang, Jacob Nellissery, Anand Swaroop
Summary: Mitochondrial respiration plays a crucial role in cellular energy production, especially in highly metabolically active retinal photoreceptors. High throughput microplate-based assays have been developed to measure mitochondrial respiration and metabolic activities, although mainly optimized for cultured cells, they have shown successful application in intact ex vivo tissue samples.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Jeejabai Radhakrishnan, Alvin Baetiong, Raul J. Gazmuri
Summary: The acute ablation of Cyp-D in mice triggers an adaptive response that leads to an increase in metabolic efficiency and improved glucose utilization during treadmill exercise, ultimately resulting in enhanced endurance and performance.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Damien Roussel, Sonia Janillon, Loic Teulier, Nicolas Pichaud
Summary: Decreased NADH-induced and increased reduced FADH(2)-induced respiration rates at high temperatures are associated with thermal tolerance in Drosophila. The study investigated whether these changes were related to ATP production rate and coupling efficiency in Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that decreased pyruvate + malate oxidation at high temperature resulted in a collapse of ATP synthesis and a drop in ATP/O ratio, but addition of succinate compensated for both oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis rates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefano Seddone, Leonardo Ermini, Piero Policastro, Luca Mesin, Silvestro Roatta
Summary: This study challenges the belief that large vessels do not impact near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements and supports the idea that changes in vessel size can significantly affect NIRS blood volume indexes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Patrick J. Drew
Summary: In the brain, increases in neural activity lead to changes in local blood flow through neurovascular coupling. However, the traditional explanation that increased blood flow supplies the metabolic needs of active neurons is inconsistent with a large body of evidence. Neurovascular coupling is irregular or absent in many brain regions and states, and increased respiration can improve brain oxygenation without changes in blood flow. Simulation studies suggest that low blood flow areas are inevitable due to the brain's vascular architecture and cannot be eliminated by functional hyperemia. This article discusses potential alternative functions of neurovascular coupling such as supplying oxygen for neuromodulator synthesis, regulating brain temperature, signaling to neurons, optimizing cerebral vascular structure, accommodating non-Newtonian blood flow, and driving cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Giorgio Manferdelli, Benjamin J. Narang, Nicolas Bourdillon, Tadej Debevec, Gregoire P. Millet
Summary: Premature birth can lead to long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae, resulting in reduced exercise capacity. However, the mechanisms behind this functional impairment during incremental exercise are still unclear. Additionally, preterm adults may have a blunted hypoxic ventilatory response, suggesting an increased risk for adverse effects of hypoxia. This study aims to investigate the oxygen cascade during incremental exercise in both normoxia and hypoxia in prematurely born adults with normal lung function and their term born counterparts.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jan Spaas, Richie P. Goulding, Charly Keytsman, Lena Fonteyn, Jack van Horssen, Richard T. Jaspers, Bert O. Eijnde, Rob C. I. Wust
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have lower exercise tolerance due to reduced skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype. However, skeletal muscle mitochondria seem resistant to the effects of exercise training, suggesting that other physiological systems may be driving the improvements in exercise capacity following exercise training in MS.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joanna L. Fiddler, Yuwen Xiu, Jamie E. Blum, Simon G. Lamarre, Whitney N. Phinney, Sally P. Stabler, Margaret E. Brosnan, John T. Brosnan, Anna E. Thalacker-Mercer, Martha S. Field
Summary: This study revealed that Shmt2 heterozygosity and dietary folate deficiency impair mitochondrial dTMP synthesis in mice, leading to increased uracil content in mtDNA which may impair mitochondrial function. Additionally, decreased Shmt2 expression impairs mitochondrial function in MEF cells.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chuan Zhang, Christopher M. Modlesky, Kevin K. McCully
Summary: The study evaluated the utility and reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in measuring tibial hemodynamics and metabolic rate. The results showed that NIRS is a suitable tool for monitoring hemodynamics and metabolism in the tibia. Additionally, the local muscle exercise protocol utilized did not influence bone hemodynamics or metabolic rate, suggesting that high level of loading and exercise volume may be needed to elicit measurable metabolic changes in bone.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Gino S. Panza, Tommy Sutor, Cameron M. Gee, Marnie Graco, Kevin K. McCully, Anthony Chiodo, M. Safwan Badr, Mark S. Nash
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of considering sleep-disordered breathing as a potential confounder in rehabilitation research interventions for spinal cord injury patients. It highlights the high prevalence of SDB in SCI and the lack of research on its impact on physical rehabilitation in SCI, calling for further studies on the integrated relationship among physical rehabilitation, SDB, and proper treatment in SCI.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Megan E. Ware, Kevin K. McCully
Summary: This study highlights the significance of support and perceived support from spouses for women with MS in adopting and continuing physical activity. Regardless of the form, support was highly valued and found to impact women's motivation and prior PA. Women with MS could benefit from understanding and encouraging the various supporting roles spouses play in their decisions to be physically active.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Robert W. Motl, Bo Fernhall, Kevin K. McCully, Alexander Ng, Mathew Plow, Lara A. Pilutti, Brian M. Sandroff, Kathleen M. Zackowski
Summary: The body of research on exercise and physical activity among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) has grown rapidly over the past 20+ years, but there is still room for improvement in terms of quality. A collective examination of the challenges and opportunities in designing and conducting interventions for exercise and physical activity in MS has been conducted by the National MS Society physical wellness research working-group. This paper serves as a resource for researchers, particularly those new to the field, on conducting high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise and physical activity in MS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Letter
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jonathan R. Murrow, Jared T. Brizendine, Hui-Ju Young, Stephen Rathbun, Kent R. Nilsson, Kevin K. McCully
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Megan Ware, Patrick O'Connor, Kristen Bub, Deborah Backus, Kevin McCully
Summary: This study explores the relationship between worry and exercise and physical activity behavior. By using mixed methods, the study found that worry plays a critical role in participants' thought processes, influencing their perceptions of the benefits and value of exercise and physical activity.
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
T. Bradley Willingham, Kevin McCully, Deborah Backus
Summary: Impaired mobility is a debilitating symptom in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). While physical damage to the neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) has been considered the main cause of walking impairments, recent research has shown that skeletal muscle dysfunction also plays a role in reducing physical function. This article provides an overview of the cellular mechanisms behind muscle dysfunction in MS and highlights the potential for rehabilitation and exercise interventions to improve mobility in this population.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Melissa J. McGranahan, Samuel W. Kibildis, Kevin K. McCully, Patrick J. O'Connor
Summary: This study aimed to assess the inter-rater agreement for NIRS data analysis and evaluate the reliability of the measurement across different days. The results showed good absolute agreement between the two analysts and good consistency across different days. It is recommended to use multiple raters for scoring the data in order to estimate the error attributable to imperfect reliability.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Kristin M. Mendez, Alexander W. Parsons, Khase E. Willis, Kevin K. McCully
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Kristin M. Mendez, Alexander W. Parsons, Kevin K. McCully
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Alexander W. Parsons, Emily Clifton, Kristin M. Mendez, Carol Beatty, Kevin K. McCully
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Adeola A. Sanni, Kevin K. McCully
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Rewais Hanna, Jigar Gosalia, Alaina Demalis, Zachary Hobson, Kevin K. McCully, Brian A. Irving, Swapan Mookerjee, Giampietro L. Vairo, David N. Proctor
Summary: The study evaluated the repeatability of a shortened bilateral NIRS protocol and confirmed its ability to provide valid estimates of k in both sexes and muscle groups. While within-visit repeatability was acceptable, lower than expected between-visit repeatability in some participants highlights the need for further investigation and control of experimental and behavioral sources of variation.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Melissa J. McGranahan, Samuel W. Kibildis, Kevin K. McCully, Nathan T. Jenkins
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
David N. Proctor, Rewais B. Hanna, Jigar Gosalia, Zachary Hobson, Jocelyn Delgado, Alaina Demalis, Giampietro L. Vairo, Swapan Mookerjee, Brian A. Irving, Kevin K. McCully
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2020)