Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalya J. Beer, Ben Jackson, James A. Dimmock, Kym J. Guelfi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) combined with need-support on post-exercise food consumption. The results showed that SIT with psychological need-support significantly decreased post-exercise energy intake from snacks, while traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) did not affect food intake. SIT with need-support is well-tolerated in physically inactive individuals with overweight and offers an alternative to traditional exercise prescription.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tetsuro E. Okada, Tony Quan, Marc R. Bomhof
Summary: This study investigated the effects of ketone ester on appetite-related hormones and appetite perception after exercise, finding that although ketone ester altered homeostatic regulators of appetite, it did not acutely affect energy intake during the post-exercise period in healthy adults.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kendra R. Becker, Christopher Mancuso, Melissa J. Dreier, Elisa Asanza, Lauren Breithaupt, Meghan Slattery, Franziska Plessow, Nadia Micali, Jennifer J. Thomas, Kamryn T. Eddy, Madhusmita Misra, Elizabeth A. Lawson
Summary: Individuals with ARFID and AN show distinct patterns of secretion of gut-derived appetite-regulating hormones, with lower levels of ghrelin in ARFID and different timing of peak PYY levels compared to HC. ARFID individuals demonstrate lower food intake and younger age compared to AN and HC, but do not exhibit sustained high PYY levels post-meal like individuals with AN or HC.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Tanya M. Halliday, Mollie H. White, Allison K. Hild, Molly B. Conroy, Edward L. Melanson, Marc-Andre Cornier
Summary: This study compared the effects of resistance exercise (REx) and aerobic exercise (AEx) on energy intake and appetite regulation, finding that REx significantly decreases orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorectic (PYY and GLP-1) gut peptides, but does not increase ad libitum energy intake. Both exercise modalities have appetite and energy intake suppressing effects.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Carin Weirich Gallon, Charles Francisco Ferreira, Aline Henz, Carolina Leao Oderich, Maiara Conzatti, Juliana Ritondale Sodre de Castro, Matheus Parmegiani Jahn, Keoma da Silva, Maria Celeste Osorio Wender
Summary: The study found that participants with PMS consumed more calories and carbohydrates during the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase, while this pattern was not observed in participants without PMS. There was a marginal negative relationship between ghrelin levels and calorie intake in the follicular phase of the PMS group, and a negative relationship between ghrelin and leptin levels in the luteal phase of the group without PMS.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kevin D. Hall, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Jeffery M. Friedman, Samuel Klein, Ruth J. F. Loos, David J. Mangelsdorf, Stephen O'Rahilly, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Donna H. Ryan, John R. Speakman, Deirdre K. Tobias
Summary: This article discusses two models of obesity, the carbohydrate-insulin model and the energy balance model. The article points out that the carbohydrate-insulin model better reflects the biology of weight control, while the energy balance model does not consider the biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. The article also provides an accurate description of the energy balance model, stating that the brain is the primary organ responsible for body weight regulation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Edward G. Walker, Kim R. Lo, Malcolm C. Pahl, Hyun S. Shin, Claudia Lang, Mark W. Wohlers, Sally D. Poppitt, Kevin H. Sutton, John R. Ingram
Summary: Hop extract can regulate energy intake, appetite, and hormonal responses in healthy-weight men, providing a potential way to control appetite and improve glycemic regulation. However, it may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Deepali Gupta, Georgina K. C. Dowsett, Bharath K. Mani, Kripa Shankar, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, Nathan P. Metzger, Brian Y. H. Lam, Giles S. H. Yeo, Jeffrey M. Zigman
Summary: Islets are important sites for the action of the hormone ghrelin, with expression of the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) found in alpha, beta, and somatostatin-secreting delta cells. Further analysis revealed that PP-expressing gamma cells in mice and humans are also likely direct targets for ghrelin and its antagonist LEAP2.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luotao Lin, Fengqing Zhu, Edward J. Delp, Heather A. Eicher-Miller
Summary: This study aimed to identify the most commonly consumed food items and those contributing most to total energy intake among different groups, finding that individuals reporting taking insulin tend to consume more protein foods and less soft drinks compared to the other two groups.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adel Pezeshki, Prasanth K. Chelikani
Summary: Low protein diets are associated with increased lifespan and improved cardiometabolic health primarily in rodents, and likely improve human health. These diets markedly influence caloric intake and energy expenditure, often leading to decreased body weight and adiposity in animal models. Accumulating evidence suggests that increased sympathetic flux to brown adipose tissue, fibroblast growth factor-21, and serotonergic signaling play important roles in the thermogenic effects of low protein diets.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrea Smith, Barbara Woodside, Alfonso Abizaid
Summary: Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic hormone that promotes food intake, but its role in females and its interaction with ovarian hormones is not well understood.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Leah R. Caplan, Vera Vavinskaya, David G. Gelikman, Nidhi Jyotsana, Vincent Q. Trinh, Kenneth P. Olive, Marcus C. B. Tan, Kathleen E. DelGiorno
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a low survival rate. Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) is found to be associated with hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells (EECs). Through studies on mouse models and human disease, it is discovered that EECs are most abundant in ADM and decrease significantly with lesion progression.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Massimo Barnabei, Alessandro Borri, Andrea De Gaetano, Costanzo Manes, Pasquale Palumbo, Jorge Guerra Pires
Summary: This paper proposes a multi-compartment mathematical model that accurately describes the behavior of physiological variables in humans after food intake and captures the interaction between glucose-insulin and ghrelin.
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Arianna Mazzoli, Cristina Gatto, Raffaella Crescenzo, Luisa Cigliano, Susanna Iossa
Summary: The study found that unhealthy diets during adolescence can lead to prolonged dysregulation of liver metabolic activity, persisting even after dietary improvements have been made.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Mantana Chudtong, Andrea De Gaetano
Summary: The study proposes a comprehensive meal model that considers factors such as stomach distension, glycemic variations, ghrelin dynamics, cultural habits, and calibrates model parameters based on nutrient intake data.
MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kwok Hong Law, James A. Dimmock, Ashleigh L. Thornton, Joanna C. Nicholas, Gordon Ho, Daniel F. Gucciardi, Kym J. Guelfi, Ben Jackson
Summary: The study found that parents have compensatory health beliefs regarding their children's engagement in physical activity, mainly through providing "treat" foods/drinks or allowing extended sedentary time. These beliefs are related to the child's physical/health status, psychological characteristics, as well as parents' own motivation and mood state.
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Shina Leow, Natalya J. Beer, James A. Dimmock, Ben Jackson, Jacqueline A. Alderson, Michael W. Clarke, Kym J. Guelfi
Summary: This study found that engaging in acute exercise or being exposed to acute stress does not affect subsequent food intake, despite transient alterations in the hunger hormone ghrelin when exercise is performed prior to stress.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Physiology
J. Soo, S. Racinais, T. J. Fairchild, M. Ihsan, M. Buchheit, O. Girard
Summary: The study found that increasing hypoxia severity during exhaustive intermittent cycling reduced exercise capacity but did not affect performance and associated neuromuscular responses during a subsequent bout of exercise in normoxia performed after 30 minutes of rest.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shaun Y. M. Teo, Jill A. Kanaley, Kym J. Guelfi, James A. Dimmock, Ben Jackson, Timothy J. Fairchild
Summary: Exercise training, regardless of timing, increased fullness, decreased daily energy intake and body-fat, with no significant difference in response based on exercise timing. Disinhibition and hunger behaviors decreased following exercise training, with disinhibition showing greater improvements in the evening exercise group. Objective and subjective sleep quantity increased with training, while sleep quality did not change significantly.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shina Leow, James A. Dimmock, Kym J. Guelfi, Jacqueline A. Alderson, Ben Jackson
Summary: The relationship between stress and food consumption is complex, with significant variation between and within individuals. This study identified factors influencing stress-induced eating behaviors, revealing diverse responses to stress and a range of influential factors. These findings offer important insights for researchers and interventions targeting unhealthy dietary responses to stress.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Di Ye, Timothy J. Fairchild, Lechi Vo, Peter D. Drummond
Summary: This review discusses the potential contribution of oxidative stress to pain in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, highlighting the direct increase in pain signaling and central nervous system dysfunction related to high blood sugar and reactive oxygen species. Future research is needed to address the role of central sensitization and disturbances in central pain modulation in painful DPN.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adrian L. Lopresti, Stephen J. Smith, Shavon Jackson-Michel, Timothy Fairchild
Summary: Curcumin may have the potential to alleviate pain in knee osteoarthritis, as it significantly reduces pain scores and improves physical function. However, further studies with longer duration, varying doses, different curcumin extracts, and more objective outcome measures are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalya J. Beer, Ben Jackson, James A. Dimmock, Kym J. Guelfi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) combined with need-support on post-exercise food consumption. The results showed that SIT with psychological need-support significantly decreased post-exercise energy intake from snacks, while traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) did not affect food intake. SIT with need-support is well-tolerated in physically inactive individuals with overweight and offers an alternative to traditional exercise prescription.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Di Ye, Timothy J. Fairchild, Lechi Vo, Peter D. Drummond
Summary: The study investigates the effects of acute hyperglycemia on pain sensitivity and pain inhibition in adults with normal or excess body fat. It was found that ingesting glucose enhances pain sensitivity and weakens pain inhibition, particularly in individuals with excess body fat. These findings suggest that hyperglycemia and excess body fat interfere with pain processing and autonomic function.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wayne H. K. Soon, Paul A. Fournier, Mary B. Abraham, Grant J. Smith, Nirubasini Paramalingam, Vinutha B. Shetty, Kym J. Guelfi, Timothy W. Jones, Elizabeth A. Davis
Summary: This study examined the within-person variability in plasma glucose responses to moderate-intensity morning exercise in young individuals with type 1 diabetes. The findings suggest that within-person plasma glucose responses to moderate-intensity exercise may be reproducible under fasting and basal insulin conditions.
Article
Physiology
Aaron Raman, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Gerard F. Hoyne, Nathan G. Lawler, Andrew Currie, Timothy J. Fairchild
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in circulating concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-3, and OPN, as well as adiponectin and glucose concentrations, in response to acute exercise in overweight or obese individuals. The results showed that exercise transiently increased MMP-3 and decreased OPN levels, but had no significant effect on MMP-2 and adiponectin levels. Interestingly, exercise performed prior to the morning glucose tolerance test led to higher glucose concentrations in males. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of exercise on metabolic health.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
J. Soo, A. Raman, N. G. Lawler, P. S. R. Goods, L. Deldicque, O. Girard, T. J. Fairchild
Summary: Muscle glucose transport activity increases with exercise by translocating glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This process remains intact in insulin resistant individuals and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training is important for managing T2DM, but acute systemic glucose responses are often increased post-exercise despite increased glucose uptake. This review aims to summarize the knowledge on insulin action and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and discuss the discrepancies between systemic and localized glucose responses. It also explores the potential of hypoxic training to enhance the effects of exercise on glucose regulation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephen James Smith, Adrian Leo Lopresti, Timothy John Fairchild
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of alcohol on testosterone synthesis in men, and found that acute consumption of a low-to-moderate amount of alcohol increases testosterone concentrations, while consumption of a large volume of alcohol is associated with a reduction in serum testosterone concentrations. This has important implications for understanding the mechanisms of alcohol's effects on testosterone and developing strategies to attenuate its negative impact.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Shina Leow, Natalya J. Beer, Kym J. Guelfi, Amanda L. Rebar, Jacqueline A. Alderson, Ben Jackson, James A. Dimmock
Summary: This study found that perceived tension is positively associated with food cravings and consumption, with individuals experiencing greater cravings for sweets and fast foods, as well as consuming more carbohydrates/starches on days when they feel more tension. Individuals with higher tension levels had more cravings for sweets and fast foods, and reported consuming more sweet and fast foods.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Penelope Larsen, Frank E. Marino, Kym Guelfi, Rob Duffield, Melissa Skein
Summary: This preliminary study found that vigorous exercise can mitigate the effects of sleep disruption on appetite and mood, alleviating some aspects of food cravings and countering the impaired mood states that exist after multiple days of restricted and fragmented sleep.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2021)
