Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mary Ni Lochlainn, Ruth C. E. Bowyer, Ailsa A. Welch, Kevin Whelan, Claire J. Steves
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with skeletal muscle strength, mass, and sarcopenia, particularly protein intake, and to assess whether shared twin characteristics are important. The results showed that high protein intake was associated with low muscle mass and sarcopenia, while low protein intake was protective.
Review
Cell Biology
Everson A. Nunes, Tanner Stokes, James McKendry, Brad S. Currier, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: Muscle disuse or unloading leads to muscle atrophy, primarily due to reduced mechanical load. Endocrine and inflammatory factors can synergistically accelerate atrophy process. Older individuals are more susceptible to muscle disuse and are affected by aging-induced anabolic resistance.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Yuki Kato, Kouji Izumi, Atsushi Mizokami
Summary: The decline in testosterone is associated with sarcopenia and frailty, and testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve muscle mass and strength.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Dylan Wilburn, Ahmed Ismaeel, Steven Machek, Emma Fletcher, Panagiotis Koutakis
Summary: Maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function involves a delicate balance between anabolism and catabolism, which can be disrupted in different pathological conditions. This paper discusses the specific intracellular signaling events that regulate muscle protein atrophy in various clinical occurrences. Each pathology has unique mechanisms that contribute to muscle loss, providing researchers and clinicians with specific targets for developing more effective medical treatments and interventions.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jee Won Kim, Ryuni Kim, Hyerim Choi, Sang-Jin Lee, Gyu-Un Bae
Summary: Sarcopenia, the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging, is a social burden due to healthcare costs in super-aging societies. Although research has identified various factors contributing to sarcopenia, effective treatment remains elusive.
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Cedric Villain, Soazig Lebaube, Corinne Kremer, Chantal Chavoix, Francois Fournel, Anais R. Briant, Berengere Beauplet
Summary: This study confirms the correlation between Gripwise and Jamar in assessing handgrip strength in elderly patients. However, lower values recorded with Gripwise require the use of alternate cutoffs for a relevant diagnosis of low handgrip strength.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Alexander Brooks, Alec Schumpp, Jake Dawson, Emily Andriello, Ciaran Michael Fairman
Summary: Individuals diagnosed with cancer commonly experience a decline in muscle mass and physical function, known as cancer related muscle dysfunction, which increases the risk for disability and mortality. Exercise is a potential intervention to combat this dysfunction, but research on its efficacy in this population is limited. This mini review provides critical considerations for researchers designing studies on cancer related muscle dysfunction, including defining the condition, determining appropriate outcomes and assessment methods, choosing the best time for intervention, and optimizing exercise prescription.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jack West, Paul J. Gow, Adam Testro, Brooke Chapman, Marie Sinclair
Summary: Reduction in muscle mass is closely linked to morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis, but there is limited understanding of its relationship with muscle function, physical activity, and aerobic capacity. Despite recommendations for regular exercise in cirrhosis patients, there is little evidence guiding clinicians on the most effective form of exercise. It remains uncertain whether specific interventions can alter clinically relevant outcomes in cirrhosis patients.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Antti Tolonen, Hanna Kerminen, Kaisa Lehtomaki, Heini Huhtala, Maarit Barlund, Pia Osterlund, Otso Arponen
Summary: A large proportion of older adults are unfit for oncological treatment due to frailty and comorbidities. In this study, muscle mass assessment with computed tomography (CT) was used alongside geriatric assessment to identify frail and elderly patients at increased risk of poor outcomes from oncological treatments. Low muscle mass was independently associated with higher mortality rates and poorer nutritional status and functioning in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ozgur Kara, Murat Kara, Mustafa Emre Akin, Levent Ozcakar
Summary: Grip strength measurement at admission is a predictor for disease severity in COVID-19. Low grip strength independently increases the severity of the disease.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jung Yoon Jang, Donghwan Kim, Nam Deuk Kim
Summary: Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle strength and mass in older individuals, is a major concern globally due to its impact on fall risk, disability, and mortality. Despite its clinical importance, sarcopenia is often under-recognized and poorly managed in routine clinical practice, primarily due to the lack of diagnostic testing and uniform criteria. While some countries have assigned disease codes for sarcopenia, there are currently no approved pharmacological treatments, with interventions primarily focusing on physical therapy and protein intake.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shota Matsufuji, Tetsuo Shoji, Suhye Lee, Masao Yamaguchi, Mari Nishimura, Yoshihiro Tsujimoto, Shinya Nakatani, Tomoaki Morioka, Katsuhito Mori, Masanori Emoto
Summary: This observational study examined the association between treatment with levocarnitine and the change in knee extensor strength (KES) in hemodialysis patients. The results showed that the change in KES was significantly higher in the carnitine group as compared to the non-carnitine group. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis showed that the positive association between the change in KES and the treatment with levocarnitine remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Simone Perna, Clara Gasparri, Cinzia Ferraris, Gaetan Claude Barrile, Alessandro Cavioni, Francesca Mansueto, Zaira Patelli, Gabriella Peroni, Alice Tartara, Marco Zese, Mariangela Rondanelli
Summary: This study examined the validity of the Italian version of SARC-F and found that it showed high specificity, moderate reliability, and good associations with other predictive tests. The Italian version of SARC-F appears to be a useful screening tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Italian elderly populations.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sunghwan Ji, Eunju Lee, Beom-Jun Kim, Ji Yeon Baek, Youngseok Yi, Il-Young Jang, Hee-Won Jung
Summary: This study found that height loss is associated with aging, frailty, and sarcopenia. Individuals who experienced greater height loss within 2 years were more likely to be frail, diagnosed with sarcopenia, and had worse outcomes.
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keitaro Nishi, Hiroaki Kanouchi, Akihiko Tanaka, Maya Nakamura, Tomofumi Hamada, Yumiko Mishima, Yuichi Goto, Kenichi Kume, Mahiro Beppu, Hiroshi Hijioka, Hiroaki Tabata, Kazuki Mori, Yoshinori Uchino, Kouta Yamashiro, Yoshiaki Matsumura, Yutaro Higashi, Hyuma Makizako, Takuro Kubozono, Toshihiro Takenaka, Mitsuru Ohishi, Tsuyoshi Sugiura
Summary: The study found an association between oral hypofunction and targeted protein intake, which can help prevent sarcopenia and frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults. Comprehensive evaluation and intervention of oral function may assist clinicians in better preventing sarcopenia.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara F. Oliveira, Courtney R. Chang, Kate Oetsch, Kaja Falkenhain, Kara Crampton, Matthew Stork, Malvinder Hoonjan, Thomas Elliott, Monique E. Francois, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a low-carbohydrate breakfast on glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that a low-carbohydrate breakfast could reduce HbA1c levels, decrease overall energy and carbohydrate intake, and improve continuous glucose monitoring variables.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hossein Rafiei, Kosar Omidian, Courtney Rochelle Chang, Jonathan Peter Little
Summary: Non-invasive monitoring of insulin in saliva has potential to identify individuals with or at risk for insulin resistance. This study found that changes in saliva insulin levels accurately reflected changes in plasma insulin levels after high-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate meals. Saliva insulin showed promise as a non-invasive method to distinguish between low and high plasma insulin and predict the degree of insulin resistance, with a 30-45 minute delay compared to plasma insulin.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giulia Coletta, Josephine S. Jakubowski, Stuart M. Phillips, Stephanie Atkinson, Alexandra Papaioannou, Janet M. Pritchard
Summary: Sarcopenia is prevalent among total joint replacement (TJR) patients and non-TJR community participants, with lower protein intake being common in both groups. The study found that low appendicular lean soft-tissue mass (ALSTMBMI) was more common in TJR patients according to less conservative cut-points, while weakness was not a major issue. Moreover, higher daily protein intake was associated with better grip strength and ALSTMBMI. These findings suggest that a dietary intervention to increase protein intake may improve the surgical outcomes of TJR patients.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas B. Tiller, Stuart M. Phillips
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mikkel Oxfeldt, Stuart M. Phillips, Ole Emil Andersen, Frank Ted Johansen, Maj Bangshaab, Jeyanthini Risikesan, James McKendry, Anna Katarina Melin, Mette Hansen
Summary: Low energy availability may have negative effects on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in females undergoing exercise training.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Changhyun Y. Lim, James S. McKendry, Taylor Giacomin, Jonathan M. Mcleod, Sean Ng, Brad Currier, Giulia Coletta, Stuart Phillips
Summary: This study examined the effect of supplementation with Fortetropin (R) on muscle size and strength during single-leg immobilization and recovery in young men. The results showed that supplementation with FOR prevented the increase in circulating myostatin, but did not prevent disuse-induced muscle atrophy.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nasrin Nasimi, Zahra Sohrabi, Everson A. Nunes, Erfan Sadeghi, Sanaz Jamshidi, Zohreh Gholami, Marzieh Akbarzadeh, Shiva Faghih, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: The effects of whey protein supplementation alone or with vitamin D on sarcopenia-related outcomes in older adults are uncertain. However, this meta-analysis indicates that whey protein supplementation improves physical function, while co-supplementation with vitamin D enhances lean mass gains, muscle strength, and physical function significantly.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaja Falkenhain, Ali Daraei, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: Exogenous ketone monoesters can increase blood beta-OHB levels and decrease blood glucose levels. Two novel ketone supplements have been developed to improve the consumer experience, but their effects on blood beta-OHB and glucose are not yet known. In a pilot study, participants consumed three different ketone supplements and their blood levels of beta-OHB and glucose were measured. The ketone monoester had the highest effect on beta-OHB levels, while all three supplements had similar effects on blood glucose levels. Overall, the supplements were well-tolerated without causing hunger or gastrointestinal distress.
JOURNAL OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew J. Stork, Alexis Marcotte-Chenard, Mary E. Jung, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: This study aimed to explore the receptivity and effects of incorporating practical stair-climbing exercise snacks into workplace settings compared to traditional high-intensity interval training. The results showed that the participants had a more positive emotional response and lower perceived exertion during the stair-climbing exercise snacks. They also preferred the snacks and experienced increased sit-to-stand movements and tendency towards increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dylan Mackay, Tahmina Rahman, Jonathan Little, Susie Jin, Harpreet S. Bajaj
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ritchie Ly, Brittany C. Macintyre, Stuart M. Philips, Chris Mcglory, David M. Mutch, Philip Britz-McKibbin
Summary: An alternative biomarker for omega-3 index (O3I) was identified using a high-throughput lipidomics method, which revealed that circulating phosphatidylcholines (PCs) can serve as surrogate biomarkers. The study also found that DHA was more effective than EPA in improving the O3I, particularly in young adults with poor nutritional status.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Michael D. Roberts, John J. McCarthy, Troy A. Hornberger, Stuart M. Phillips, Abigail L. Mackey, Gustavo A. Nader, Marni D. Boppart, Andreas N. Kavazis, Paul T. Reidy, Riki Ogasawara, Cleiton A. Libardi, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Frank W. Booth, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched. Most studies support the involvement of enhanced mTORC1 signaling, expansion of translational capacity, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and increased muscle protein synthesis rates. However, additional mechanisms may also be involved.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Giulia Coletta, Brad S. Currier, Stuart M. Phillips
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vernon G. Coffey, Chris McGlory, Stuart M. Phillips, Thomas M. Doering
Summary: We aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-immobilization skeletal muscle size and the magnitude of muscle atrophy after 14 days of unilateral lower limb immobilization. Our findings (n = 30) suggest that pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) are not correlated with the extent of muscle atrophy. However, further research is needed to confirm potential sex-based differences. In women, pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and CSA are associated with changes in quadriceps CSA following immobilization (n = 9, r2 = 0.54-0.68; P < 0.05). The initial muscle mass does not affect the degree of muscle atrophy, but there may be sex-based differences.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mingyue Yin, Hansen Li, Mingyang Bai, Hengxian Liu, Zhili Chen, Jianfeng Deng, Shengji Deng, Chuan Meng, Niels B. J. Vollaard, Jonathan P. Little, Yongming Li
Summary: The present meta-analysis examined the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT) on cardiometabolic health and body composition. The results showed that LV-HIIT can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, lower blood pressure, and reduce fat mass, with no significant differences compared to moderate-intensity continuous training and high-volume HIIT.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)