Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sourav Sahoo, Andrew May, Arjen van den Berg, Amrit Kumar Mondal, Sam Ladak, Anjan Barman
Summary: The study demonstrates a well-defined approach to explore high-frequency spin dynamics in complex 3D spintronic and magnonic structures by measuring spin waves within a 3D artificial spin ice structure.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
N. S. Bingham, X. Zhang, J. Ramberger, O. Heinonen, C. Leighton, P. Schiffer
Summary: In this study, we investigated the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the total magnetic moment of large-area permalloy artificial square spin ice arrays. Our findings showed that the hysteresis behavior and temperature dependence are consistent with the Stoner-Wohlfarth model, with deviations observed at small lattice spacing due to interisland interactions. Through micromagnetic simulations, we further explored the complex magnetization reversal induced by interisland interactions, highlighting the critical role of island shapes in tuning the physical properties of artificial spin ice structures and other nanomagnet systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Youxing Liu, Yanan Wei, Minghui Liu, Yichao Bai, Guocai Liu, Xinyu Wang, Shengcong Shang, Wenqiang Gao, Changsheng Du, Jianyi Chen, Yunqi Liu
Summary: Researchers have fabricated a novel 2D MOF film and successfully applied it in simulating human brain synapses, demonstrating excellent synaptic plasticity and stability. This paves the way for potential applications in artificial intelligence.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Susmita Saha, Jingyuan Zhou, Kevin Hofhuis, Attila Kakay, Valerio Scagnoli, Laura J. Heyderman, Sebastian Gliga
Summary: Artificial spin ices are periodic arrangements of nanomagnets with interacting properties that can be used to create functional materials such as magnonic crystals. Symmetry breaking plays a significant role in defining mode profiles, and the mode spectra exhibit signatures of long-range interactions in the system.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Caravelli, Gia-Wei Chern, Cristiano Nisoli
Summary: This article presents a proposal for an electrical memory reminiscent of a memristor in connected Kagome artificial spin ice and simulates two scenarios to observe the memory behavior.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gary W. Paterson, Gavin M. Macauley, Rair Macedo
Summary: The study found that a simple point dipole model works relatively well for square ice, but fails to replicate the properties observed in recent experiments with pinwheel ice. Parameterization of the reversal barrier in a Stoner-Wohlfarth model improves upon this, but does not fully capture the physics of ferromagnetic coupling observed in pinwheel structures.
ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zeqiu Chen, Zibiao Ding, Yaoyu Chen, Xingtao Xu, Yong Liu, Ting Lu, Likun Pan
Summary: We engineered a three-dimensional charge transfer pathway in NiHCF/MXene through in situ close packing of NiHCF nanoparticles on MXene nano-stacking by electrostatic attraction. Compared to charge transfer mode in two-dimensional nano-sheets, 3D MXene nano-stacking can not only provide horizontal charge transfer pathway alongside nano-sheets, but also possess unique vertical charge transfer pathway between nano-sheets. As a result, the NiHCF/MXene exhibits a superior desalination performance with a high desalination capacity of 30 mg g-1, ultrahigh desalination rate of 9.5 mg g-1 min-1 and good cycling stability over 30 cycles.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. Goryca, X. Zhang, J. Li, A. L. Balk, J. D. Watts, C. Leighton, C. Nisoli, P. Schiffer, S. A. Crooker
Summary: Artificial spin ices can host plasmalike regimes with high density of mobile magnetic monopoles, dynamics of which are most diffusive in the plasma regime. This provides a new paradigm for probing the physics of effective magnetic charges in synthetic matter, with on-demand monopole regimes having field-tunable densities and dynamic properties.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sergi Lendinez, Mojtaba T. Kaffash, M. Benjamin Jungfleisch
Summary: In this study, the intricate interplay of magnetization dynamics of two dissimilar ferromagnetic metals in a square artificial spin ice (ASI) network was exploited to modulate spin-wave properties effectively. Unique spectra attributed to each sublattice were observed, with inter- and intralattice dynamics facilitated by distinct magnetization properties of the two materials. By combining materials with dissimilar magnetic properties, a wide range of two-dimensional structures were realized, potentially leading to new concepts in nanomagnonics.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Hongyu An, Qiyuan An, Yang Yi
Summary: In this paper, a behavior-level associative memory learning method was successfully implemented, associating concurrent visual and auditory information by linking large-scale artificial neural networks. This approach mimics human-like associative memory learning behavior and offers insights into designing brain-like self-learning neuromorphic systems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Timor Melamed
Summary: An algorithm for designing and manipulating pulsed caustic beams along a predefined curved trajectory in free space is presented. The evaluation of the pulsed aperture field distribution and control of delay and amplitude are key in forming a uniform intensity profile of the beam along its axis. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Paolo Livieri, Fausto Segala
Summary: In this paper, the Fourier series is used to evaluate mode I Stress Intensity Factors (SIF) in three-dimensional planar flaws. This is done by applying a distortion transformation of a reference disc. Assuming an isolated crack, the SIF at each point of the crack border is calculated to assess the crack shape after propagation according to the crack growth rate equation of Paris and Erdogan. The contour is moved along the outward normal to the crack shape. Several examples are provided to predict the final shape of different types of embedded planar flaws.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chang Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Qiang Tang, Wenhao Zhou, Yan Ma, Zheng Gong, Junhao Chen, Huai Zheng, Sang Woo Joo
Summary: An active and precise method for three-dimensional droplet manipulation is introduced in this study. By modulating the local electrostatic force and using a flexible plate electrode, the vertical motion of droplets can be controlled, and various manipulations such as levitation, transport, merging, and mixing can be effectively performed.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Myriam Mikhael, Sara N. Alektiar, Charles S. S. Yeung, Zachary K. Wickens
Summary: The rapid preparation of complex three-dimensional heterocyclic scaffolds is a crucial challenge in medicinal chemistry. Despite the dominance of flat molecules in new drug targets due to the availability of coupling reactions, a new strategy has been reported to enable the transformation of readily accessible planar molecules into more three-dimensionally complex analogs through dearomative hydrocarboxylation of indoles and related heterocycles. This highly chemoselective, broad in scope, operationally simple, and readily amenable to high-throughput experimentation (HTE) reaction will allow the translation of existing libraries of heteroaromatic compounds into diverse 3D analogs and exploration of new classes of medicinally relevant molecules.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Congyang Mao, Wanyu Jin, Yiming Xiang, Yizhou Zhu, Jun Wu, Xiangmei Liu, Shuilin Wu, Yufeng Zheng, Kenneth M. C. Cheung, Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung
Summary: Confering catalytic defects in sonosensitizers is crucial for enhancing sonodynamic therapy. In this study, 2D catalytic planar defects were designed within Ti3C2 sheets to overcome this challenge. These planar slip dislocations with abundant Ti3+ species can activate O-2, resulting in a significant amount of O-1(2) generation and a high bactericidal capability under ultrasound stimulation. It was found that the 2D catalytic planar defects can intervene in electron transfer through the phonon drag effect, leading to a dramatic decrease in O-2 activation energy.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ayhan Duzgun, Cristiano Nisoli
Summary: The study proposes the first skyrmion spin ice realized via confined, interacting liquid crystal skyrmions, demonstrating their use as quasiparticles to achieve binary variables that form ice-rule states. This finding not only opens up entirely novel avenues in the field of frustrated systems, but also shows the viability of liquid crystal skyrmions as elementary degrees of freedom in designing collective complex behaviors.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. Goryca, X. Zhang, J. Li, A. L. Balk, J. D. Watts, C. Leighton, C. Nisoli, P. Schiffer, S. A. Crooker
Summary: Artificial spin ices can host plasmalike regimes with high density of mobile magnetic monopoles, dynamics of which are most diffusive in the plasma regime. This provides a new paradigm for probing the physics of effective magnetic charges in synthetic matter, with on-demand monopole regimes having field-tunable densities and dynamic properties.
Article
Physics, Applied
Yifei Shi, Cristiano Nisoli, Gia-Wei Chern
Summary: In this study, a numerical investigation was conducted on a disordered artificial spin ice system that lies between ordered square ice and fully disordered shakti ice. The introduction of disorder disrupts the long-range ordering of square ice, resulting in a spin-glass regime at low temperatures. The system serves as an experimental platform to explore the interplay between quenched disorder and geometrical frustration.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Peter Schiffer, Cristiano Nisoli
Summary: Artificial spin ice systems are arrays of interacting nanoscale magnetic moments with collective behavior, designed based on chosen array geometry. Research in artificial spin ice has expanded beyond the original focus, now encompassing structures exhibiting a wider range of physical phenomena.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Cristiano Nisoli
Summary: This study relates the anomaly in the noise color of spin ice to the emergent nature of its magnetic monopoles and their non-trivial random walk. It suggests that monopoles can be considered as dressed random walkers, activated by a non-trivial stochastic force. The researchers conjecture relations between the color of the noise and other observables, leading to the suggestion of introducing spin-ice-specific critical exponents in a neighborhood of the ice manifold criticality.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Caravelli, Gia-Wei Chern, Cristiano Nisoli
Summary: This article presents a proposal for an electrical memory reminiscent of a memristor in connected Kagome artificial spin ice and simulates two scenarios to observe the memory behavior.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael Saccone, Francesco Caravelli, Kevin Hofhuis, Sergii Parchenko, Yorick A. Birkhoelzer, Scott Dhuey, Armin Kleibert, Sebastiaan van Dijken, Cristiano Nisoli, Alan Farhan
Summary: Spin glasses are widely investigated complex systems, and their theoretical models have broad applications in various fields. This study successfully realized an artificial spin glass within the framework of artificial spin ice systems, and observed characteristic features of a two-dimensional Ising spin glass using cryogenic XPEEM. The findings are of great significance for understanding spin glass behavior and complex systems.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wen-Cheng Yue, Zixiong Yuan, Yang-Yang Lyu, Sining Dong, Jian Zhou, Zhi-Li Xiao, Liang He, Xuecou Tu, Ying Dong, Huabing Wang, Weiwei Xu, Lin Kang, Peiheng Wu, Cristiano Nisoli, Wai-Kwong Kwok, Yong -Lei Wang
Summary: Artificial spin ices are arrays of dipolarly coupled nanomagnets. By controlling the length of nanobar magnets, the vertex degeneracy of the ground states can be tailored, allowing for the realization of multiple low energy microstates, including long range ordered ground states.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoyu Zhang, Grant Fitez, Shayaan Subzwari, Nicholas S. Bingham, Ioan-Augustin Chioar, Hilal Saglam, Justin Ramberger, Chris Leighton, Cristiano Nisoli, Peter Schiffer
Summary: We investigated a model nanomagnetic array where the behavior of magnetic moments is visibly affected by constraints imposed by the system's topology. Magnetic excitations in this system form thermally active one-dimensional strings, and their motion can be observed in real time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Jack Raymond, Kelly Boothby, Juan Carrasquilla, Cristiano Nisoli, Andrew D. King
Summary: A kagome lattice spin-ice system is created with the superconducting qubits of a quantum annealer, showing a field-induced kinetic crossover between spin-liquid phases. Yin both the Ice-I phase and the unconventional field-induced Ice-II phase, kinetics are observed. The study demonstrates the utility of quantum-driven kinetics in advancing the study of topological phases of spin liquids.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Cristiano Nisoli
Summary: This research successfully reproduced the formation of magnetic phases driven by an external magnetic field in a quantum annealer by embedding a qubit magnetic Penrose quasicrystal. It distinguished a wide range of frustrated magnetic configurations at the single-spin scale, demonstrating that introducing structural aperiodicity in magnetic devices can enable the engineering of quantum states. The results also revealed dynamic activation of some spins and static behavior of others within the competing structural and magnetic degrees of freedom, with compatible ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic modulations observed.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Carolina Rodriguez-Gallo, Antonio Ortiz-Ambriz, Cristiano Nisoli, Pietro Tierno
Summary: In this study, we investigate the low energy states and the emergence of topological defects in an artificial colloidal ice in the Cairo geometry using experiments and numerical simulations. By increasing the interaction strength, positive charges accumulate at the z = 4 vertices and are screened by negative charges at the z = 3 vertices, resulting in a strongly coupled disordered state. Furthermore, analyzing the mean chirality associated with each pentagonal plaquette reveals that the disordered ensemble in this geometry is massively degenerate and corresponds to a frustrated antiferrotoroid structure.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyu Zhang, Ioan-Augustin Chioar, Grant Fitez, Anthony Hurben, Michael Saccone, Nicholas S. Bingham, Justin Ramberger, Chris Leighton, Cristiano Nisoli, Peter Schiffer
Summary: The collective behavior of interacting arrays of nanomagnetic tripods is studied. Experimental data show that triangular lattice arrays form a tripod ice with charge ordering among the effective vertex magnetic charges, similar to artificial kagome spin ice. The interacting tripods have effective moments that act as emergent local variables, with connections to the Potts and clock models. Our results provide a new approach to study the collective behavior of nonbinary moments that is not available in other physical systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Goryca, X. Zhang, J. D. Watts, C. Nisoli, C. Leighton, P. Schiffer, S. A. Crooker
Summary: In this study, the thermodynamic properties and magnetic phases of artificial spin ice (ASI) under applied magnetic fields were investigated using simulations and experiments. The results reveal the occurrence of various magnetic orderings and phase transitions in different regions of the phase diagrams, which were experimentally confirmed.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Carl Merrigan, Cristiano Nisoli, Yair Shokef
Summary: Competing ground states can lead to topologically constrained excitations like domain walls or quasipartides, which govern metastable states and their dynamics. This study proposes a mechanical spin ice system with bistable unit cells, and shows new behaviors emerging in this overdamped mechanical system. By controlling the ratios of internal elements, the morphology and propagation speed of internal domain walls can be manipulated, and different steady cycles are produced by textured forcing, suggesting the system could be useful for studying multistability, glassiness, and memory in materials.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2021)
