Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Carlo Massaroni, Martina Zaltieri, Daniela Lo Presti, Andrea Nicolo, Daniele Tosi, Emiliano Schena
Summary: Systems for cardiorespiratory monitoring show great potential in various fields including clinical settings, harsh environments, sports science, and telemonitoring. Challenges lie in developing unobtrusive and comfortable systems with high metrological performance. Recent advances in fiber optic technology, particularly in fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) sensors, offer promising solutions for cardiorespiratory monitoring.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
M. S. M. Sa'ad, H. Ahmad, M. A. Alias, M. K. A. Zaini, K. S. Lim, S. W. Harun, K. T. V. Grattan, B. M. A. Rahman, G. Brambilla, S. A. Reduan, L. Bayang, M. F. Ismail
Summary: This article introduces a surface-mounted tilt sensor that is designed to measure the inclination angle of engineered structures or slopes in two directions. The sensor utilizes strain-sensitive fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for tilt angle measurement bidirectionally and uses a strain-free FBG for temperature compensation. The compact, robust, and easy-to-install tilt sensor shows excellent potential for various geotechnical applications, mainly in landslide detections, ground movement, and engineered slope monitoring, as supported by laboratory calibration and field test data.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
S. Sridhar, Suneetha Sebastian, Ajay K. Sood, Sundarrajan Asokan
Summary: The paper reports a comprehensive study on MoS2 nanolayer coated etched Fiber Bragg Grating (eFBG) strain sensor, demonstrating high sensitivity, linearity, and potential for various applications. The coating technique enables direct control over the thickness of MoS2, leading to consistent and repeatable sensing performance.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Davide Ferraro, Giacomo D'Alesio, Domenico Camboni, Ciro Zinno, Leone Costi, Max Haberbusch, Philipp Aigner, Martin Maw, Thomas Schloglhofer, Ewald Unger, Andrea Aliperta, Fabio Bernini, Valentina Casieri, Domiziana Terlizzi, Guido Giudetti, Jacopo Carpaneto, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Silvestro Micera, Vincenzo Lionetti, Francesco Moscato, Luca Massari, Calogero Maria Oddo
Summary: An innovative implantable Fiber Bragg Grating-based soft sensor was designed to sense mechanical cardiac activity, providing continuous and reliable cardiac function monitoring. The sensor's capability to track ventricular beats in real-time was confirmed through testing on animal hearts, with errors consistently lower than 1 Bpm. The study also proposed two causal algorithms for detecting beats and discriminating artifacts from sensor data, achieving an error of 2.7 +/- 0.7 beats per minute in tracking heart rate.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Catia Tavares, Catia Leitao, Daniela Lo Presti, M. F. Domingues, Nelia Alberto, Hugo Silva, Paulo Antunes
Summary: This study proposes a 3D-printed sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology for monitoring respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR). The selected sensor demonstrates high reproducibility and sensitivity to chest wall deformations caused by breathing and heartbeats, making it a valuable solution for easy fabrication.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Vincenzo Romano Marrazzo, Francesco Fienga, Dario Laezza, Michele Riccio, Andrea Irace, Salvatore Buontempo, Giovanni Breglio
Summary: Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) are widely used in many applications, but not extensively in industrial process monitoring due to cost and complexity. The read-out system in this document overcomes limitations of commonly used FOS interrogation systems and extends areas of FOS applications.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Weikang Liu, Wensong Zhou, Hui Li
Summary: This study proposes a distributed fiber optic sensing method based on an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) array for real-time scour monitoring and estimation around bridge foundations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively estimate scour under different flow velocities and temperatures.
JOURNAL OF CIVIL STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yongxing Guo, Peng Hu, Li Xiong, Ke Liu, Wanhuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a novel FBG tilt sensor with a vibration damping feature to overcome the problem of external vibration interference in traditional tilt sensors. By using a vibration-isolating spring as the connection and filling damping fluid inside the sensor housing, the proposed sensor offers better vibration stability and monitoring accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate its high sensitivity, creep resistance, and temperature compensation capability.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
ShengHua Jiang, QiuLi Wang, WeiHe Sun, YuGuang Tan
Summary: This study proposes a new smart magnetic rock for bridge scour monitoring, utilizing magnetic gradient measurement to track its position and a simplified method to measure its magnetic moment. The effectiveness of the monitoring method is validated through experiments and compared with other depth measurement instruments.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Flavio Esposito, Stefania Campopiano, Agostino Iadicicco
Summary: This work presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a miniaturized metallic package for optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The package enhances the temperature sensitivity of the grating and eliminates cross-sensitivities to mechanical effects. It has a simple design and is made using off-the-shelf components. The packaged FBG shows improved temperature response and reduced sensitivity to longitudinal forces compared to an unpackaged FBG.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiaobin Xue, Xile Han, Linhao Li, Li Min, Daotong You, Tuan Guo
Summary: Respiration rate and volume are important physiological indicators of human health, which can reflect cardiovascular health status and cardiopulmonary function. In this study, a compact breath monitoring system based on a wearable tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) curvature sensor is demonstrated. The TFBGs provide highly sensitive, real-time response to curvature changes during respiration, assisted by a custom designed breathing tube. The proposed miniaturized and cost-effective sensing system consists of a tunable laser module, a field programmable gate array acquisition control circuit module, and a sensor module, and different breathing patterns can be successfully identified from the output of the sensor.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Yuhan Tang, Xuke Chen, Jiarui Zhang, Dajuan Lv, Liangming Xiong, Xinyong Dong
Summary: A sensitivity-enhanced hot-wire anemometer is demonstrated by using a cladding-etched FBG coated with a silver film and optically heated by a 1480 nm laser diode. The improved heating efficiency and airflow velocity sensitivities are achieved by reducing the cladding thickness of the FBG. The results show significant improvements in sensitivity compared to the reference anemometer without cladding etching.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Francesca De Tommasi, Carlo Massaroni, Arianna Carnevale, Daniela Lo Presti, Elena De Vita, Agostino Iadicicco, Eliodoro Faiella, Rosario Francesco Grasso, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Stefania Campopiano, Massimiliano Carassiti, Emiliano Schena
Summary: Current temperature measurement techniques for minimally invasive thermal ablation have limited clinical applications, but Fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG) show promise for accurate and multi-point temperature measurements. However, their cross-sensitivity to strain may cause measurement errors during thermal procedures.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Luyang Xu, Dawei Zhang, Ying Huang, Shuomang Shi, Hong Pan, Yi Bao
Summary: Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used to assess various parameters for structural health monitoring (SHM) of steel infrastructure. This paper presents an approach to assess interactive anomalies caused by mechanical loading and corrosion on epoxy coated steel substrates using FBG sensors in real time. The results indicate significant interactions between loading and corrosion on steel substrates, and real-time monitoring can help quantitatively evaluate the interactions between anomalies induced by loading and corrosion.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Francesco Fienga, Vincenzo Romano Marrazzo, Sara Bennett Spedding, Zoltan Szillasi, Noemi Beni, Andrea Irace, Wolfram Zeuner, Austin Ball, Vittorio Giorgio Vaccaro, Benoit Salvant, Salvatore Buontempo, Giovanni Breglio
Summary: The i-pipe system, based on Fiber Bragg Grating technology, is capable of directly monitoring the parameters of particle beams without interference, paving the way for its use as a monitoring system for accelerated high energy particle beams.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yan Han, Xun Zhang, Lidong Wang, Zhihui Zhu, C. S. Cai, Xuhui He
Summary: This study assesses the running safety of a high-speed train traversing a bridge with damaged wind barriers. Results show that vehicle lateral displacement and acceleration are greatest when entering and leaving the damaged area, with the displacement increasing with the length of the damaged area. Damage to the wind barriers leads to reductions in wheel load and an increase in derailment coefficients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lidong Wang, Xun Zhang, Hanyun Liu, Yan Han, Zhihui Zhu, C. S. Cai
Summary: This study proposes a methodology for calculating the global reliability of the running safety of a train on a bridge under crosswinds using the probability density evolution method (PDEM)-based equivalent extreme value principle. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is verified through numerical examples, and the differences between the global reliability and single-wheel reliability, as well as the differences between time-dependent and time-independent reliabilities, are discussed in detail.
JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lidong Wang, Xun Zhang, Xiumeng Bu, Yan Han, Zhihui Zhu, Chunsheng Cai
Summary: This study aims to develop an effective framework for stochastic analysis of the wind-train-track-bridge system by considering the random nature of winds and track irregularities. Through a dimension-reduced simulation scheme, the high-dimensional random variables of turbulent winds and track irregularities are well represented using only two random variables. The accuracy of the framework is verified through numerical examples, and the influence of mean wind velocity on the random vibration characteristics of the system is investigated. The study finds that the lateral displacement of the bridge has larger dispersion than the vertical displacement, and both the vertical and lateral accelerations of the bridge have large dispersions. The existence of lateral wind loads can reduce the dispersion of the lateral wheel-rail interaction forces. The train can safely run over the bridge within a wind velocity range of 0-25 m/s with confidence levels of 75%, 85%, and 95%.
STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Jinfeng Wu, Xiaozhen Li, C. S. Cai, Dejun Liu
Summary: This study investigates the transient aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train moving in a truss girder bridge and passing by a bridge tower in a wind tunnel, showing that the bridge tower has a significant shielding effect on the passing train. The train speed is the main factor affecting the aerodynamic performance, and vehicle movement introduces an asymmetry of loading on the train.
RAILWAY ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chao Jiang, Wen Xiong, C. S. Cai, Yichen Zhu, Jia Wang
Summary: This study investigates the preload loss of high-strength bolts in friction connections, taking into account corrosion damage and fatigue loading. The results show that corrosion has a significant effect on bolt preload loss, while fatigue loading has little influence on preload loss after unloading.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Han, Zihang Zhang, Chunguang Li, Guogang Sheng, C. S. Cai
Summary: A finite element model for galloping analysis of iced transmission lines is established in this study, considering the aerodynamic nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity. The influence of aerodynamic forces on the torsional frequency of the transmission line is investigated, and it is found that these forces have a significant impact. The model using 4-DOF elements accurately predicts the actual galloping response, which is beneficial for subsequent control design.
ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jinzhao Li, Xuan Kong, Yilin Yang, Zhiwen Yang, Jiexuan Hu
Summary: This paper proposes a computer vision-based method, the Optical Flow (OF) method, for measuring the flow field in wave-structure interaction and explores the underlying flow mechanism. It is validated that the OF method can capture primary flow features and obtain velocity with comparable accuracy to the widely-used PIV method. The method is then applied to study the flow field in wave impacting on a rectangular structure, revealing typical flow phenomena and the increase of flow acceleration and kinetic energy with wave height. The OF method proves to be a useful non-intrusive approach for flow measurement in wave-structure interaction.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jinzhao Li, Xuan Kong, Yilin Yang, Zhiwen Yang, Jiexuan Hu
Summary: In this study, a non-contact computer vision (CV)-based method is proposed to conveniently acquire wave pressure and force without the need for pressure sensors or load cells. The method uses optical flow technique to measure velocity field and solves the Poisson pressure equation to compute pressure field. The wave force is determined by integrating pressure over the structure surface. The method is verified through laboratory experiments and shows good agreement with results from pressure sensors.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xuan Kong, Jinxin Yi, Xiuyan Wang, Kui Luo, Jiexuan Hu
Summary: This study proposes a computer vision-based method for full-field mode shape identification, which uses subpixel edge detection and tracking techniques. By identifying and tracking the movement of the structure's edge, high-resolution full-field mode shapes can be determined without a preset target.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jinzhao Li, Xuan Kong, Yilin Yang, Jiexuan Hu, Ruijia Jin
Summary: This paper presents a numerical study of the solitary wave-induced flow and scour around a square onshore structure. The results show that the simulated scour depth develops faster at the early stage compared to the experimental result. The scour starts at the front corner of the structure and develops rapidly, almost completed in the first half of the wave period.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
L. Ma, C. S. Cai, L. H. Wu, S. F. Li
Summary: The measurement of tensile forces in suspenders is crucial for safety inspection and monitoring in large structural engineering projects. The frequency-based method is commonly used, but affected by factors such as additional damping and boundary conditions. This study derives the equation of damped motion for a suspender-damper system, develops a numerical solution method based on finite difference scheme, and proposes a frequency-based multiple parameter identification method. The research demonstrates that the position and damping coefficient of the damper significantly affect the frequency and mode of the suspender-damper system, and discusses the influencing mechanism. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify multiple system parameters of the suspender, with a maximum error of 1%. The study also discusses the influence of frequency errors.
JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hongwei Zhang, Yanjie Zhu, Wen Xiong, C. S. Cai
Summary: In recent years, efforts have been made to utilize terrestrial laser scanning for bridge spatial performance inspection, but they are limited to smaller bridges. The large-scale dimensional features of long-span bridges pose challenges for 3D point cloud techniques. In this study, a cross-evaluation of three iterative closest point (ICP) registration methods is conducted for long-span suspension bridges. The results show that the feature point-based ICP algorithm performs better in terms of convergence rate and execution time, while the kd-tree-based ICP algorithm takes less time for a single iteration.
STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chao Jiang, Wen Xiong, Zichen Wang, Chunsheng Cai, Juan Yang
Summary: In this paper, the transverse connectivity and durability of prefabricated concrete hollow slab bridges in China were investigated through a field test. The results showed that the bridges had defects such as transverse cracks on the bottom plates of the girders and longitudinal cracks in the hinge joints. The weakening of transverse connectivity led to non-uniform distribution of girder deflection, and after 25 years of service life, the girders in the background bridges were in a moderate deterioration condition. The evaluation method using neural networks and surface damage was verified and showed a prediction error within 15.0% for hinge joint damage and within 40% for girder durability.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jie Zhang, Xuan Kong, Eugene J. OBrien, Jiaqiang Peng, Lu Deng
Summary: This study proposes a noncontact measurement method of tire deformation based on computer vision and deep learning techniques. A diverse dataset of tire images is established and a semantic segmentation Tire-Net is developed to segment the tire images. The proposed quantification algorithm calculates the physical value of tire deformation using subpixel-level edge detection, key point positioning, and scale factor determination. Field tests on various vehicles verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kui Luo, Xuan Kong, Xiuyan Wang, Tengjiao Jiang, Gunnstein T. Froseth, Anders Ronnquist
Summary: This study proposes a method based on broad-band phase-based video motion magnification and line tracking algorithms for measuring small-amplitude vibration of cables, which improves the measurement accuracy.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
