Review
Thermodynamics
Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: This paper is the first survey on the use of demand side application in district heating networks, clarifying the terminology and implementation stages. Demand side management is considered as a great technique for district heating management, achieving benefits such as peak shaving, doubled load factor, and reduction of primary energy needs.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Swati Sharda, Mukhtiar Singh, Kapil Sharma
Summary: In the era of smart grid, demand side management (DSM) is crucial for development of sustainable cities and societies. This paper discusses practical challenges in implementing DSM through load shifting for IoT-enabled home energy management systems (HEMS), and emphasizes the need for advanced optimization algorithms.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Henrique S. Eichkoff, Daniel P. Bernardon, Julio A. Bitencourt, Vinicius J. Garcia, Daiana W. Silva, Lucas M. Chiara, Sebastian A. Butto, Solange M. K. Barbosa, Alejandre C. A. Pose
Summary: This study introduces a demand-side management methodology to address the problem of excessive loading on power grids due to irrigation activities in rural areas of southern Brazil. By adjusting the load of irrigation customers, the study proposes a load shifting strategy to reduce demand during peak periods and shift it to lower load periods. The results show that this model can reduce maximum demand and daily load variations, ensuring the continuity of electric power supply and benefiting both customers and power utilities.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Godiana Hagile Philipo, Josephine Nakato Kakande, Stefan Krauter
Summary: This paper presents a demand-side management strategy based on load shifting and peak clipping to address the issues of intermittency and demand growth in African rural microgrid systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reduce peak demand and improve flexibility for customers.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yuanyuan Li, Ahmad Mojiri, Gary Rosengarten, Cameron Stanley
Summary: This study proposes a residential hot water, heating and cooling system that combines a heat pump with thermal energy storage to reduce electricity demand and adjust peak loads in the electricity network. By combining a solar system with thermal storage, significant reductions in electricity demand and peak loads can be achieved, improving solar utilization efficiency.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rongchuan Tang, Qingshan Xu, Jicheng Fang, Yuanxing Xia, Yun Shi
Summary: Electricity bills are a significant portion of industrial users' production costs. Hybrid energy storage system (HESS), a high-performance energy storage method, has been widely utilized to manage demand and save costs on the demand side. This paper proposes a VMD-ST-QF load frequency division strategy to optimize the configuration of battery-ultracapacitor HESS, aiming to minimize the net investment cost of energy storage. The case study demonstrates that implementing HESS based on the VMD-ST-QF strategy can save industrial users 5.26% of their total electricity cost and shorten the payback period of energy storage investment.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ryan O'Reilly, Jed Cohen, Johannes Reichl
Summary: This paper develops quantitative predictions for residential electricity demand and the potential for load shifting for Europe at a fine spatial scale for years 2022-2050. It provides insights and applications for energy system models, infrastructure planners, grid operators, and policy makers in assessing the value and future role of load shifting, as well as considering load shifting in future market designs.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yichi Zhang, Par Johansson, Angela Sasic Kalagasidis
Summary: This study compares and simulates three thermal energy storage options - water tank, phase change material tank, and building thermal mass - and finds that building thermal mass is the most cost-effective option while water tank is the least attractive choice. The majority of life-cycle cost savings come from peak load reduction, with less discharged energy and cost savings in well-insulated buildings.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Christian Baumann, Gerhard Huber, Jovan Alavanja, Markus Preissinger, Peter Kepplinger
Summary: Hot water heat pumps are suitable for demand side management due to the rapid growth of the heat pump market and the decentralized use of domestic hot water. Experimental studies on the model predictive control potential of hot water heat pumps are relatively low in literature. This study compares the realistic achievable model predictive control potential of a hot water heat pump to the standard hysteresis control through experimental proof.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Lilli Sophia Roeder, Arne Groengroeft, Marcus Grunewald, Julia Riese
Summary: To minimize emissions from biofuel production, renewable energy sources such as solar and wind can be used to reduce or replace fossil fuel consumption. Many processes used in biofuel plants are suitable for demand side management (DSM), which involves flexible power consumption. This study provides a comprehensive overview of DSM options in biofuel production, identifying process steps that can be operated flexibly and helping to identify technical limitations on overall process flexibility.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ruud Egging-Bratseth, Hanne Kauko, Brage Rugstad Knudsen, Sara Angell Bakke, Amina Ettayebi, Ina Renate Haufe
Summary: Low-temperature district heating is a key technology for efficient urban heat supply, enabling the integration of waste heat and renewable heat sources. By optimizing operational flexibility through demand side management and seasonal storage, significant reductions in carbon emissions and operational costs can be achieved.
Article
Thermodynamics
Geremi Gilson Dranka, Paula Ferreira, A. Ismael F. Vaz
Summary: The study highlights the high potential of Demand-Response (DR) in power systems planning, which helps delay future investment in power capacity and reduce CO2 emissions. However, the limited potential of DR to integrate additional renewable plants and uncertainties related to future weather conditions need to be emphasized.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Manasseh Obi, Cheryn Metzger, Ebony Mayhorn, Travis Ashley, Walter Hunt
Summary: The deployment of CTA-2045-enabled devices is growing in the U.S. market, allowing utilities to control appliance energy use. This study focuses on the use of CTA-2045-enabled water heaters to shift electric load, comparing non-targeted, targeted, and smart control strategies. The results show that targeted and smart control strategies offer more load-shifting potential without sacrificing hot water supply.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Aimen Ayub, Abraiz Khattak, Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi, Abdul Kashif Janjua, Nasim Ullah
Summary: This paper proposes an approach for demand-side management of residential loads in urban areas of Pakistan using a battery storage system. The storage system is installed by a private distributor to provide affordable electricity during peak hours. The study utilizes the Pakistan Residential Energy Consumption (PRECON) dataset and categorizes households based on electric power usage. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to expand the clusters for feeder synthesis and perform techno-economic analysis for each feeder using SAM. The results show improved load factors and significant cost savings for the distributor and consumers when using optimally sized batteries.
INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuanyuan Li, Gary Rosengarten, Ahmad Mojiri
Summary: In this study, the energy performance of heat pumps integrated with thermal storage and onsite photovoltaics was investigated. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that these thermal systems have potential benefits even when operating under non-optimal conditions. The integrated systems achieved significant grid electricity savings ranging from approximately 50% to 80%, regardless of variations in PV direction, house thermal performance, building orientation, and occupancy profile. Utilizing thermal energy storage also increased the PV self-consumption ratio and solar fraction by approximately 30%.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alice Mugnini, Gianluca Coccia, Fabio Polonara, Alessia Arteconi
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alice Mugnini, Gianluca Coccia, Fabio Polonara, Alessia Arteconi
Summary: The integration of multi-energy systems in buildings is a promising solution for improving energy performance, with building energy flexibility considered as an additional energy source. Utilizing thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) and model predictive control (MPC) can effectively manage multi-energy systems, leading to significant reductions in energy consumption, costs, and improvements in energy performance.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Alice Mugnini, Fabio Polonara, Alessia Arteconi
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of different air conditioning systems on energy flexibility, showing the crucial role of distribution systems in system flexibility. Fan coil units with thermal energy storage can implement various peak shaving strategies without compromising indoor air temperature. Increased thermal inertia in ceiling cooling systems results in higher energy consumption.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Mugnini, G. Comodi, D. Salvi, A. Arteconi
Summary: This paper identifies and analyzes the impact of flexibility enablers in cogeneration and district heating network plants using a real case study in central Italy. The study proposes flexibility strategies in compliance with constraints imposed by managers and users, aiming to show possible ways to activate flexibility services with known instruments and quantify their impact with a simulation-based approach. Results confirm the impact of flexibility instruments on energy/environmental performance improvement, with particular emphasis on the use of thermal energy storage, optimal management of DHN supply temperature, and control of thermostatically controlled loads.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT-X
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chiara Magni, Sylvain Quoilin, Alessia Arteconi
Summary: Flexibility is crucial for integrating high shares of renewables into the power system, with heat-electricity sector coupling technologies serving as a promising solution to enable flexibility and decarbonization. The deployment of district heating coupled with heat pumps and CHP units can significantly reduce costs and emissions related to the heat-electricity sector, while providing operational reserves for energy systems with high renewable penetration.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Erica Corradi, Mose Rossi, Alice Mugnini, Anam Nadeem, Gabriele Comodi, Alessia Arteconi, Danilo Salvi
Summary: District heating is assessed as a competitive alternative to individual heating in central Italy, showing significant energy savings, CO2 reductions, and economic benefits. The current thermal power plant configuration with a Combined Heat and Power unit proves to be effective, and District Heating is generally found to be more cost-effective than Individual Heating for end-users.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lea Di Donato, Alice Mugnini, Fabio Polonara, Alessia Arteconi
Summary: A numerical model of a capillary tube is developed in this paper. The model demonstrates that the accurate contact of the capillary tube with the suction line can increase the temperature of the compressor inlet fluid and improve COP. Additionally, the length of the capillary tube affects the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the cycle.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Oluwasola O. Ademulegun, Paul MacArtain, Bukola Oni, Neil J. Hewitt
Summary: This article presents a multi-stage decision analysis methodology for selecting suitable locations for installing EV charging stations. The methodology takes into account techno-physio-socio-economic factors and ensures that the charging stations serve their intended purpose.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hamed Abedini, Elias Vieren, Toon Demeester, Wim Beyne, Steven Lecompte, Sylvain Quoilin, Alessia Arteconi
Summary: This study analyzes the performance of binary mixtures as working fluid in high-temperature heat pumps. An optimization framework is developed to determine the best working fluid and cycle configuration for different heat sources and sinks. The best performing mixtures are near-azeotropic and offer advantages such as reduced compression ratio and compressor outlet temperature compared to pure fluids.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Adam Y. Sulaiman, Donal Cotter, Cordin Arpagaus, Neil Hewitt
Summary: This study investigates the suitability of a range of low global warming potential refrigerants for high-temperature heat pumps. Based on theoretical simulations, HCFO-1233zd(E) and HFO-1336mzz(Z) are identified as potential replacements for HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc. This research provides a method to optimize refrigerant selection in high-temperature heat pumps to maximize system performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Maarten Evens, Alessia Arteconi
Summary: Heat pumps are vital in decarbonizing the heating sector and offering energy flexibility services. This paper investigates the performance of various heat pump control strategies using representative test cycles and evaluates the suitability of selected representative days for energy flexibility analysis. Simulation results show that approaches using consecutive days or based on energy consumption can be used for energy flexibility analysis, with consecutive days closely following room temperature profiles compared to a full winter simulation due to reduced temperature variations.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
A. Mugnini, F. Polonara, A. Arteconi
Summary: A major refurbishment of the building stock is necessary to achieve the objectives of the energy transition. The energy efficiency of buildings can create flexibility and resilience for the entire energy system. Long-term refurbishment strategies can have a significant impact on the potential of the building sector.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.
