Article
Business, Finance
Yan Xu, Nianhang Xu, Kam C. Chan, Zhe Li
Summary: The study reveals that generalist top executives (GTEs) conduct more M&As and create more value in the process compared to specialist top executives (STEs). GTE acquirers have better M&A announcement and long-term returns, attributed to their ability to search for targets ex ante and leverage their social networks efficiently post M&A.
JOURNAL OF CORPORATE FINANCE
(2021)
Article
Business, Finance
Rafael Zambrana, Fernando Zapatero
Summary: Our research shows that funds perform better when appointing superior pickers as specialists and market timers as generalists. This suggests that decisions are better matched with the way information is collected and processed in each investment strategy, thus adding value to investors. Overall, these results support the optimal assignment or reassignment of portfolio managers in fund families.
JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Lorraine Sheridan, Martyna Bendlin, Paul House
Summary: The study found that only a minority of stalkers specialize in stalking, with many offenders engaging in other forms of harm. While there are similarities between stalkers and domestic violence offenders, there are clear differences in the broad range of criminal behaviors exhibited by offenders.
JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Gyula Czegeny, Arnold Racz
Summary: This study focuses on class III peroxidases (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7) as regulators of cellular H2O2 levels in leaves under oxidative stress. The effective regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in plant tissues is crucial for plant survival, and has been extensively reviewed. However, the majority of studies regard POD as a generalist without substrate specificity. This is partly due to the fact that laboratory protocols assessing POD levels use substrates, which are not contained in plants. Here, we show that both base-and stress-inducible POD activity depends on the choice of substrate. Moreover, the application of diverse substrates, particularly those contained in plants, unmasks POD isoenzymes that are distinguished by substrate preferences. This functional heterogeneity of POD responses is worth studying, especially in parallel with stress-induced changes in the phenolic profiles.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Entomology
Joseph Michael Taylor, William Emerson Snyder
Summary: The impact of exotic natural enemies in classical biocontrol can vary, with relative specialists potentially having strong non-target effects while the broadest generalists have weaker but more widespread impacts. The focus on specialists in classical biocontrol may not be a reliable means to reduce ecological risk, and more research is needed to compare the effects of generalists and specialists across food webs.
Article
Ecology
David M. Dehling, Irene M. A. Bender, Pedro G. Blendinger, Katrin Bohning-Gaese, Marcia C. Munoz, Eike L. Neuschulz, Marta Quitian, Francisco Saavedra, Vinicio Santillan, Matthias Schleuning, Daniel B. Stouffer
Summary: Species differ in their functional roles in ecological processes, with specialists providing complementary roles and interacting with fewer species, while generalists interact with a wide range of species and contribute significantly to ecological processes.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Law
M. Carmen Cano-Lozano, Lourdes Contreras, Maria J. Navas-Martinez, Samuel P. Leon, F. Javier Rodriguez-Diaz
Summary: This study examined the relationship between direct victimization at home and child-to-parent violence (CPV) and explored the differences between CPV offenders and other types of offenders, as well as between specialist CPV offenders and generalist CPV offenders. The results showed that CPV offenders had more socio-cognitive difficulties, less parental warmth, and experienced more victimization at home, school, and in the street compared to other offenders. The most important finding was that direct victimization at home was linked to social-cognitive processing in CPV, with different variables being associated with instrumental and reactive motives for violence.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY APPLIED TO LEGAL CONTEXT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuyi Yang, Weihong Zhang, Wenzhi Liu, Donglan He, Wenjie Wan
Summary: This study investigated the response and adaptation of bacterioplankton generalists and specialists to long-term dredging disturbance in turbid lakes using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and statistical analysis. The results showed that generalists displayed higher environmental adaptation, while specialists exhibited higher community diversity and species replacement. These findings have important implications for ecological restoration of lakes.
Article
Ecology
Christine E. Dumoulin, Paul R. Armsworth
Summary: This paper examines the effects of stochasticity and specialization on species extinction risk in pollination networks. The results show that increasing the variance of the stochastic term increases the probability of extinction, and specialists are more vulnerable than generalists. The number of mutualist partners has a non-linear relationship with extinction risk.
Article
Ecology
Duhita G. Sant, Laura C. Woods, Jeremy J. Barr, Michael J. McDonald
Summary: Research shows that increasing host strain diversity in cocultures slows down viral adaptation rates and selects for lower-fitness generalists over higher-fitness specialists. Evolved phage with more hosts are more likely to be generalists, and the addition of more potential hosts can select for low-fitness generalists over high-fitness specialists.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qicheng Xu, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse, Ling Li, Junjie Guo, Chen Zhu, Shiwei Guo, Ning Ling, Qirong Shen
Summary: This study investigates the ecological characteristics of microbial generalists and specialists through the analysis of global farmland soil samples. Specialists showed lower tolerance to environmental fluctuations and were more influenced by deterministic processes, while generalists played a more important role in maintaining community stability through stochastic processes. Generalists dampened microbial biogeographical patterns, whereas specialists had contrasting impacts.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yuyi Yang, Bongkotrat Suyamud, Shuxin Liang, Xinjin Liang, Wenjie Wan, Weihong Zhang
Summary: The composition variation, spatiotemporal succession, and assembly processes of bacterial generalists and specialists in the plastisphere were investigated. Colonization time mainly mediated the composition variation, and richness differences also affected the composition variation of generalists and specialists. Deterministic processes dominated the assembly of generalists, while stochastic processes dominated the assembly of specialists. The community stability of generalists on non-biodegradable and biodegradable microplastics was lower than corresponding specialists.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Qingji Zhang, Yongjiu Cai, Zhijun Gong, Lachun Wang, Jani Heino, Boqiang Qin
Summary: The study evaluated biodiversity and the impact of environmental factors on macroinvertebrate assemblages in Lake Taihu, China. Generalist species dominated the assemblages, but there were differences among habitat types. The macrophyte-dominated habitat had the highest species richness, while the algal-dominated habitat had lower richness but higher overall abundances. The study showed that generalist species shape macroinvertebrate assemblages through their abundance and richness variation, and that strong environmental gradients and habitat connectivity allow specialist and intermediate species to maintain high richness in resource-rich habitats.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Huaiting Liu, Xiu Wang, Xiaoqing Song, Peng Leng, Jihui Li, Jorge L. Mazza Rodrigues, Zhiqi Hong, Yakov Kuzyakov, Jianming Xu, Zhongmin Dai
Summary: It is important to investigate the responses of bacterial community and specific taxa, and associated C metabolic functions to biochar labile C or aromatic backbone for soil carbon sequestration.
Article
Ecology
Jun Zuo, Lemian Liu, Peng Xiao, Zijie Xu, David M. Wilkinson, Hans-Peter Grossart, Huihuang Chen, Jun Yang
Summary: This study investigated the distributional patterns of bacterial generalists and specialists along a latitudinal gradient, finding that generalists had wider niches and higher intra-specific variation, whereas specialists experienced decreased abundance and occurrence with increasing latitude. Stochastic processes were the main drivers of community assembly in both groups, with deterministic processes having a greater impact on specialists. Bacterial generalists coexisted through niche differences, while specialists coexisted through fitness differences.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
