Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nienke van Staaveren, Jennifer Ellis, Christine F. Baes, Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis to confirm the effectiveness of environmental enrichment in reducing feather pecking (FP) and feather damage (FD) in laying hens. The results showed that flocks without enrichment had higher frequencies of FP and FD, and that older age and cage housing systems were also associated with increased FP and FD.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Angela Schwarzer, Christina Plattner, Shana Bergmann, Elke Rauch, Michael Erhard, Sven Reese, Helen Louton
Summary: Severe feather pecking (SFP) is a significant animal welfare issue in layers, occurring in all flocks with varying pecking rates. Factors such as low stocking density and the provision of a winter garden or free range have a positive impact in reducing SFP, while mixed flocks pose a risk. Aggressive pecking and SFP are correlated, highlighting the importance of addressing reasons for SFP rather than relying solely on beak trimming.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Guro Vasdal, Joanna Marchewka, Ruth C. Newberry, Inma Estevez, Kathe Kittelsen
Summary: This study compared three approaches for welfare assessment in aviary flocks and found that all three methods were able to detect significant differences in welfare indicator prevalence between flocks. The novel Aviary Transect method provides egg producers with an efficient and sensitive whole-flock assessment of hen welfare status in multitiered aviaries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Angela Schwarzer, Elke Rauch, Shana Bergmann, Anna Kirchner, Alice Lenz, Adriane Hammes, Michael Erhard, Sven Reese, Helen Louton
Summary: This study aimed to identify housing and management factors related to the occurrence of severe feather pecking (SFP) in non-beak-trimmed laying hens on commercial farms. High stocking density and poor litter quality were significant risk factors for plumage damage during the rearing period, while a lack of free range, poor litter quality, insufficient enrichment, and previous plumage damage during rearing were significant risk factors for the development of SFP during the laying period.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lorena Rieke, Birgit Spindler, Isabel Zylka, Nicole Kemper, Mona Franziska Giersberg
Summary: This study compared the behavior of conventional laying hens and dual-purpose hybrids, finding that the latter showed better performance in terms of pecking behavior.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. Patt, I. Halle, A. Dudde, A. Olbrich, J. Sieburg-Rockel, E. T. Krause
Summary: This study investigated the effects of increasing proportions of insoluble dietary fibre on behavior, plumage condition, and laying performance of Lohmann Tradition hens. The results showed that increasing fibre content can reduce feather pecking behavior and improve the well-being of hens without affecting their laying performance.
BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Werner Bessei, Jens Tetens, Jorn Bennewitz, Clemens Falker-Gieske, Tanja Hofmann, Hans-Peter Piepho
Summary: Various aspects of activity have been explored as causal factors of feather pecking in laying hens, but with no clear results. However, a recent study showed differentially expressed genes related to the circadian clock in lines selected for high and low feather pecking, leading to the hypothesis that a disturbed circadian clock may play a role in the development of feather pecking.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ruben Schreiter, Klaus Damme, Markus Freick
Summary: Feather pecking in laying hen husbandry can cause feather damage, performance losses, and economic disadvantages. This study found that feed structures with more coarse particles and fewer medium and fine particles are associated with higher risk of feather pecking. Diets with lower levels of certain nutrients important for preventing feather pecking, such as methionine and sodium, were also linked to a higher likelihood of plumage damage in laying hens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jiseon Son, Woo-Do Lee, Hee-Jin Kim, Bo-Seok Kang, Hwan-Ku Kang
Summary: This study found that providing environmental enrichment materials such as pumice stone and alfalfa hay to laying hens in the aviary system can increase egg production, maintain health, and alleviate stress. However, further research is needed to reduce pecking behaviors in poultry farming.
Article
Biology
Daniel Borda-Molina, Hanna Iffland, Markus Schmid, Regina Mueller, Svenja Schad, Jana Seifert, Jens Tetens, Werner Bessei, Joern Bennewitz, Amelia Camarinha-Silva
Summary: This study found significant differences in the microbial communities between laying hen lines selected for high and low feather pecking behavior, but the microbial composition did not affect feather pecking behavior or agonistic behavior.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Guro Vasdal, Ruth C. Newberry, Inma Estevez, Kathe Kittelsen, Joanna Marchewka
Summary: The Aviary Transect (AT) is a method for assessing welfare in cage-free laying hen flocks, which involves standardized walks screening the flock for selected welfare indicators. The study aimed to evaluate how AT findings varied in relation to various housing, management, environmental, and production factors. The results showed that the assessment varied according to housing conditions, supporting the validity of AT as a relevant welfare assessment tool for evaluating cage-free management practices.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emily M. Leishman, Nienke van Staaveren, Jeff Mohr, Benjamin J. Wood, Nikole E. Freeman, Amy E. M. Newman, Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek, Christine F. Baes
Summary: This study investigates the differences in corticosterone levels in feathers and plasma of turkey hens before and during egg laying, finding that elevated corticosterone in feathers is observed during egg laying for one genetic line. Plasma hormone levels decrease during egg laying, which may be influenced by gonadal development or suppression of acute hormone production. Phenological differences in energy demand can impact corticosterone measurement. Feathers can be used to detect increases in corticosterone during high energy demand periods, but genetic differences and inconsistencies between feather and plasma measures should be considered.
Article
Microbiology
Chao Wang, Yaling Li, Haoliang Wang, Miao Li, Jinsheng Rong, Xindi Liao, Yinbao Wu, Yan Wang
Summary: This study found that gut microbiota can affect the development of feather pecking behavior by altering the metabolism of tryptophan, histidine, and tyrosine.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Chenxuan Huang, Erying Hao, Qiaoxian Yue, Meng Liu, Dehe Wang, Yifan Chen, Dan Zeng, Guoxian Zhao, Hui Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the connections between feather pecking (FP) behavior and gut microbiota, inflammatory response, and 5-HT metabolism. The results showed that the gut microbiota composition differed between high FP behavior (HFP) and low FP behavior (LFP) birds, and was associated with the abundance of genera Lactobacillus, Escherichia Shigella, and Desulfovibrio. In addition, HFP birds had differential metabolites enriched in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, and exhibited altered expression of inflammatory factors in the serum, gut, and brain. Furthermore, HFP birds had lower levels of tryptophan and 5-HT in the serum, consistent with downregulated 5-HT metabolism-related genes in the brain.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Sachin Subedi, Ramesh Bist, Xiao Yang, Lilong Chai
Summary: Feather pecking is a major welfare issue in commercial cage-free hen houses, causing harm to birds and economic losses for producers. This study developed machine vision models for tracking pecking behaviors and damages in these facilities. The YOLOv5s-pecking model showed superior performance, despite YOLOv5x-pecking model having higher precision, recall, and Map scores. This study provides a basis for developing a real-time automatic model to track pecking damages and protect the welfare of laying hens.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nnenna Ugwu, Emma Love, Jo Murrell, Helen R. Whay, Toby Knowles, Jo Hockenhull
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the behavior of hutch-housed dairy calves, develop an ethogram, and determine the impact of different housing, days, genders, and times on calf behavior. Results showed no significant differences in behavior between calves housed in different hutches, but significant variations were observed between different days and genders. Furthermore, time of day significantly influenced calf behavior.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jane Katherine Murray, Rachel Heather Kinsman, Michelle Susannah Lord, Rosa Elizabete Pinto Da Costa, Joshua Luke Woodward, Sara Cecylia Owczarczak-Garstecka, Severine Tasker, Toby Grahame Knowles, Rachel Alison Casey
Summary: The Generation Pup study aims to investigate the relative influence of environmental and genetic factors on a range of health and behavior outcomes in dogs. As of January 23, 2020, 3726 puppies have been registered, with recruitment continuing until 10,000 are recruited.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Janne Winther Christensen, Line Peerstrup Ahrendt, Jens Malmkvist, Christine Nicol
Summary: This study reveals a positive correlation between curiosity and exploratory behavior in young horses and their learning performance, while fearfulness and stress show no relationship with learning abilities. The findings highlight the importance of intrinsic motivation in cognitive development and raise questions about fostering curiosity in animals to enhance cognitive abilities.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna E. Nutt, Toby G. Knowles, Neil G. Nutt, Joanna C. Murrell, Darren Carwardine, Lee B. Meakin, Guillaume Chanoit
Summary: This study assessed and compared the magnitude of lameness and level of pain after muscle-sparing lateral thoracotomy (MSLT) and standard lateral thoracotomy (SLT) in dogs, finding that pain and lameness were reduced by sparing the latissimus dorsi muscle.
VETERINARY SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
D. Carwardine, N. J. Burton, T. G. Knowles, N. Barthelemy, K. J. Parsons
Summary: The study retrospectively reviewed 62 dogs (82 elbows) underwent fluoroscopically guided transcondylar screw placement for humeral intracondylar fissure, revealing a postoperative complication rate of 45% with 15% of cases requiring revision surgery. Prolonged surgical time and neutering in female dogs were identified as protective factors against postoperative complications.
JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kate Norman, Claire A. Weeks, John F. Tarlton, Christine J. Nicol
Summary: Providing ramps for hens in the rearing period improved their ability to access elevated structures in later stages and resulted in reduced keel bone damage, indicating overall welfare benefits for the birds.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Natalia Mendez Ruiz-Tagle, Sergio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho, Toby G. Knowles, Selene Siqueira da Cunha Nogueira
Summary: The study found that capybaras recognized jaguar feces as a predator threat, but odor habituation may limit the repellent's efficacy locally. However, it appeared to have a longer term effect on the overall numbers of capybaras visiting a site in general.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Joshua L. Woodward, Rachel A. Casey, Michelle S. Lord, Rachel H. Kinsman, Rosa E. P. Da Costa, Toby G. Knowles, Severine Tasker, Jane K. Murray
Summary: The majority of dog owners use rewards when training their dogs, but many also use aversive methods which can compromise the dogs' welfare. Older male owners and those who have not attended training classes are more likely to use a combination of reward and aversive training methods.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Livia Benato, Joanna Murrell, Toby G. Knowles, Nicola J. Rooney
Summary: The study developed a multidimensional pain scale specific to rabbits called the BRPS, which includes seven categories and four intensities of pain. The scale was refined through video observation and internal reliability testing to provide a comprehensive pain assessment tool for veterinary professionals.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Elizabeth S. Paul, William Browne, Michael T. Mendl, Gina Caplen, Anna Trevarthen, Suzanne Held, Christine J. Nicol
Summary: This study used a triangulation approach to assess the welfare of captive animals, finding that some indicators were consistent across different time scales but did not converge to identify a precise state of animal welfare.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Margot K. Vermeylen, Toby G. Knowles, Heather W. Barron
Summary: The study reveals an increasing trend of Karenia brevis red tides along Florida's coast, potentially caused by anthropogenic eutrophication, which results in an increased number of affected wildlife. Moreover, water discharges from the Okeechobee waterway are significantly correlated with K. brevis densities. Different species groups exhibit significant correlations with K. brevis cell counts, particularly the double-crested cormorants.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Paula Elizabeth Baker, Christine Janet Nicol, Claire Alexandra Weeks
Summary: The study demonstrated that providing abrasive material in pans can effectively reduce beak length in young birds, but by the end of rearing, birds seemed to lose interest, indicating a need for redesign. Despite the initial positive effects, further research is warranted to retain the birds' interest in the pans.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. A. Fletcher, G. Limon, L. J. Whatford, A. Grist, T. G. Knowles, T. J. Gibson
Summary: This systematic review found a lack of consistent guidance on equine slaughter globally, along with a shortage of research on equine welfare during the slaughter process, particularly concerning donkeys and mules in low-income countries. The need to urgently develop an evidence base to improve guidance in this area was highlighted.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. E. Allen, C. D. Parker, K. L. P. Verheyen, C. J. Nicol, Y. M. Chang
Summary: Broiler mortality during transport and lairage has negative welfare and economic implications. This study aimed to determine the dead-on-arrival (DOA) rate of broiler chickens transported to slaughter in Great Britain and identify associated risk factors. Data from 5 large British commercial companies and weather data were analyzed. The overall mean DOA rate was 0.08%, with factors such as loading temperature and catch method identified as risk factors. Higher loading temperatures and mechanical catching methods increased the DOA rate significantly. Avoiding loading during hot weather can improve welfare and reduce economic losses.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Claire Ricci-Bonot, Teresa Romero, Christine Nicol, Daniel S. Mills
Summary: This study aimed to determine if a horse companion's social buffering function can occur in relation to a visual substitute (poster of a relaxed horse face) in two different stressful situations. The results showed that the presence of a horse face poster might significantly reduce the behavioral response of subject horses in the novel object test but did not improve heart rate recovery time. The horse face poster did not have a significant effect on the behavioral reaction or heart rate recovery in the umbrella test.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY BEHAVIOR-CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH
(2023)