Review
Virology
Yue Yin, Herman W. Favoreel
Summary: Type III interferons play a crucial role in antiviral protection of mucosal epithelial barriers, particularly against herpesviruses. Current knowledge on the interaction of herpesviruses with type III interferons is limited to studies on herpes simplex virus.
Article
Microbiology
Susanna Samoilowa, Kim S. Giessler, Carlos E. Medina Torres, Gisela Soboll Hussey, Allison Allum, Robert Fux, Christin Jerke, Matti Kiupel, Kaspar Matiasek, Dodd G. Sledge, Lutz S. Goehring
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of EHV-1 viral DNA in the bodies of horses and found that the virus primarily distributes in neural and lymphoid tissues, but not in PBMC. Differences in tissue tropism were observed between the wild type Ab4 virus and two mutant viruses, leading to varying tissue pathology.
Review
Virology
Siyu Chen, Yue Deng, Dongli Pan
Summary: Herpesviruses are commonly found human pathogens that have the ability to establish latent infection and reactivate. Both viral and cellular microRNAs play a critical role in regulating the latency process. These findings are significant for understanding the mechanisms of viral replication and latency switch, as well as for developing novel therapeutics.
Article
Microbiology
Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Rahul K. Suryawanshi, Divya Kapoor, Deepak Shukla
Summary: HSV-1 infection induces significant alterations in host metabolism, limiting the energy and macromolecular precursors required for viral replication. This study is of great importance for understanding the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection.
Article
Virology
Aleksandra Synowiec, Agnieszka Dabrowska, Magdalena Pachota, Meriem Baouche, Katarzyna Owczarek, Wojciech Nizanski, Krzysztof Pyrc
Summary: Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a common virus in cats, causing respiratory diseases and ocular lesions. The available vaccine is not able to prevent infection or limit virus shedding. This study examined the entry mechanisms of FHV-1 into host cells and found that it enters via endocytosis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Ifeanyi Kingsley Uche, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Paul J. F. Rider
Summary: The development of cancer disrupts anti-tumor immunity needed for surveillance and elimination of tumor cells, with immunotherapy aiming to restore or establish these responses. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond equally to immunotherapies, partially due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Current research focuses on mechanisms of immunosuppression in the TME, with the goal of promoting anti-tumor immune responses.
Article
Virology
Kelly S. Harrison, Nishani Wijesekera, Anastasia G. J. Robinson, Vanessa C. Santos, Robert H. Oakley, John A. Cidlowski, Clinton Jones
Summary: This study suggests that female mice expressing GR(S229A) have significantly lower levels of infectious virus during explant-induced reactivation compared to male GR(S229A) or wild-type mice. Furthermore, female GR(S229A) mice have fewer VP16 + TG neurons during the early stages of explant-induced reactivation, indicating that GR transcriptional activity has female-specific effects.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Pankaj Singh, Donna M. Neumann
Summary: This study reveals that CTCF insulators in HSV-1 genomes are differentially enriched in the cohesin subunit Rad21, suggesting that CTCF-cohesin interactions are establishing and anchoring chromatin loop structures to control viral transcription.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sherif T. S. Hassan, Miroslava Sudomova, Alena Mazurakova, Peter Kubatka
Summary: Herpesviruses are highly contagious DNA viruses that pose a significant threat to human health, causing severe diseases. The misuse of anti-herpesvirus drugs has led to drug resistance. Therefore, utilizing natural plant polyphenols as anti-herpesvirus drugs shows promise in improving treatment efficacy against various types of herpesviruses. This article comprehensively summarizes recent advances in using non-flavonoid polyphenols as potential anti-herpesvirus drugs and explores their molecular mechanisms against different herpesviruses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Gabrielle Sutton, Camille Normand, Flora Carnet, Anne Courouce, Marie Garvey, Sophie Castagnet, Christine I. Fortier, Erika S. Hue, Christel Marcillaud-Pitel, Loic Legrand, Romain Paillot, Pierre-Hugues Pitel, Ann Cullinane, Stephane Pronost
Summary: Equine herpesvirus 1 isolates from a 2021 outbreak in Europe have a mutation, A713G, in open reading frame 11 not found in other sequences, which could be used to identify horses infected with the virus strain associated with this outbreak.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Tierra Smiley Evans, Linda J. Lowenstine, Benard Ssebide, Peter A. Barry, Jean Felix Kinani, Fred Nizeyimana, Jean Bosco Noheli, Ricky Okello, Antoine Mudakikwa, Michael R. Cranfield, Jonna A. K. Mazet, Christine K. Johnson, Kirsten Gilardi
Summary: A study found no evidence of human herpesviruses infecting free-ranging mountain gorillas, but discovered gorilla-specific homologs with similar characteristics to human herpesviruses, which is significant for understanding the transmission and pathology of herpesviruses in gorilla populations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Luis M. Schang, MiYao Hu, Esteban Flores Cortes, Kairui Sun
Summary: The ability of HSV-1 to establish, maintain and reactivate latent infections is regulated by epigenetics, which play a major role in these processes. The viral chromatin has distinct biophysical properties and is enriched in post translational modifications or histone variants that differ from cellular chromatin. Small molecule epigenetic modulators have shown to inhibit viral replication and reactivation from latency, suggesting potential for antiviral therapy.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Nadia Saklou, Scott Pleasant, Kevin Lahmers, Rebecca Funk
Summary: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of latent EHV-1 in submandibular lymph nodes of horses in Virginia and compare the frequency of each variant. 63 lymph nodes were collected and all samples tested negative for EHV-1 DNA. The results showed a low apparent prevalence of latent EHV-1 in submandibular lymph nodes in this population of horses in Virginia.
Review
Microbiology
Kathlyn Laval, Katrien C. K. Poelaert, Jolien Van Cleemput, Jing Zhao, Annelies P. Vandekerckhove, Annick C. Gryspeerdt, Barbara Garre, Karen van der Meulen, Hossein B. Baghi, Haileleul N. Dubale, Ines Zarak, Eline Van Crombrugge, Hans J. Nauwynck
Summary: EHV-1, related to PRV and VZV, is a major pathogen affecting horses worldwide, causing various diseases and significant economic losses. Effective therapies are lacking, highlighting the urgent need for a better understanding of its pathogenesis and development of novel treatments.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mahesh Kumar Sivasubramanian, Raisa Monteiro, Kelly S. Harrison, Bhuvana Plakkot, Madhan Subramanian, Clinton Jones
Summary: This study found that the abundant expression of the viral gene LAT in neurons infected with HSV-1 plays an important role in latency. Compared to the wild-type virus, mutants without LAT had lower reactivation efficiency, indicating that LAT promotes the establishment and maintenance of latency. In addition, female mice latently infected with LAT null mutants showed higher levels of senescence markers and inflammation in the brainstem region, while important inflammatory markers were enhanced in the principal sensory nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract in female mice latently infected with wild-type HSV-1 or LAT null mutants.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)