Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Polly Lubega, Sylivia Juliet Nalugya, Angella Namyalo Kimuli, Majoreen Twinokusiima, Mercy Khasalamwa, Richard Kyomugisa, Jane Kabami, Asiphas Owaraganise
Summary: There is insufficient adherence to viral load testing guidelines among ART recipients in southwestern Uganda. Increasing patient age and receiving care at a higher-level health facility are associated with guideline-based VL testing. Long turnaround time of VL test results and inadequate test kits hinder adherence to VL monitoring guidelines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oliver D. Howes, Michael E. Thase, Toby Pillinger
Summary: Treatment resistance is a common issue in psychiatric disorders, leading to increased healthcare burden and costs. Despite growing research attention, there are significant gaps in understanding and addressing this issue, with key outstanding problems including heterogeneity and lack of consensus criteria. Recommendations for future research include harmonisation of definitions and exploration of novel interventions to improve targeted and personalised therapeutic approaches.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nunzia Papa, Simona Cammarota, Anna Citarella, Luigi Atripaldi, Francesca F. Bernardi, Marianna Fogliasecca, Nello Giugliano, Ugo Trama, Micaela Spatarella
Summary: Changes in HIV treatment patterns and reasons were examined in a large cohort of Italian HIV patients over a 7-year period. The study found an increase in the use of single-tablet regimens and integrase strand transfer inhibitors, while protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors decreased. The introduction of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/emtricitabine led to its rapid adoption in HIV treatments. Most treatment changes were due to optimization and simplification, with adverse effects and virological failure being less common reasons.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Aroonsiri Sangarlangkarn, Yuji Yamada, Fred C. Ko
Summary: With the increasing life expectancy of HIV patients and the emergence of multiple geriatric syndromes, HIV clinicians face challenges in providing care for older adults living with HIV. Current HIV guidelines have limitations in addressing the multifactorial conditions, patient-centered outcomes, representation in clinical trials, and criteria for inclusion for older HIV patients. Strategies such as using baseline attributes, time to benefit, and the Geriatrics 5M model can aid in shared decision making and improving outcomes for older HIV patients while waiting for updated guidelines to be developed.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Clemence Ongolo-Zogo, Olivia C. Mendoza, Babalwa Zani, Frederick Morfaw, Agatha Nyambi, Annie Wang, Michel Kiflen, Hussein El-Kechen, Alvin Leenus, Mark Youssef, Nadia Rehman, Lucas Hermans, Virginia MacDonald, Silvia Bertagnolio
Summary: Incomplete reporting in studies on pre-treatment drug resistance makes it challenging to characterize levels of drug resistance in subpopulations across countries. Therefore, guidelines are needed to define a minimum set of variables to be included in such studies.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Andrew D. Revell, Dechao Wang, Maria-Jesus Perez-Elias, Robin Wood, Dolphina Cogill, Hugo Tempelman, Raph L. Hamers, Peter Reiss, Ard van Sighem, Catherine A. Rehm, Brian Agan, Gerardo Alvarez-Uria, Julio S. G. Montaner, H. Clifford Lane, Brendan A. Larder
Summary: Novel computational models were developed to accurately predict treatment responses in HIV therapy, even in the absence of baseline data. These models showed strong performance in predicting virological response and absolute changes, offering potential benefits in resource-limited settings.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucia Hans, Naseem Cassim, Somayya Sarang, Diana Hardie, Silence Ndlovu, W. D. Francois Venter, Pedro Da Silva, Wendy Stevens
Summary: HIV viral load testing is vital for managing HIV patients and monitoring treatment efficacy. South Africa has been recommending routine viral load testing since 2004 and its national program has shown significant growth and success. The program has achieved a large-scale testing volume and improved laboratory turnaround time.
Article
Oncology
Jessica Liu McMullin, Jyotirmay Sharma, Theresa Gillespie, Snehal G. Patel, Collin J. Weber, Neil D. Saunders
Summary: There is a high degree of non-adherence to treatment guidelines for medullary thyroid cancer patients. Treatment adherent to guidelines is associated with improved overall survival.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shelli F. Farhadian, Ofir Lindenbaum, Jun Zhao, Michael J. Corley, Yunju Im, Hannah Walsh, Alyssa Vecchio, Rolando Garcia-Milian, Jennifer Chiarella, Michelle Chintanaphol, Rachela Calvi, Guilin Wang, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Jennifer Yoon, Diane Trotta, Shuangge Ma, Yuval Kluger, Serena Spudich
Summary: People with HIV on antiretroviral therapy experience neurological impairment, possibly due to viral or neuroimmune causes. Single-cell analysis of paired cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood revealed the production of HIV-1 RNA in central memory CD4+ T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as a higher frequency of infected cells in the cerebrospinal fluid compared to the blood. Additionally, rare microglia-like cells in the cerebrospinal fluid were identified using a reliable cell surface marker, CD204. Abnormal CD8+ T cell activation was found to be prevalent in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with HIV, suggesting ongoing CNS viral persistence and compartmentalized neuroimmune effects.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alice Zhabokritsky, Leah Szadkowski, Curtis Cooper, Mona Loutfy, Alexander Wong, Alison McClean, Robert S. Hogg, Sharon L. Walmsley
Summary: The study found that early initiation of ART and having a higher baseline CD4+ T-cell count are associated with achieving CD4:CD8 ratio normalization. The type of ART class used did not impact the normalization of the ratio when adjusting for baseline characteristics.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lina Palaiodimou, Amrou Sarraj, Apostolos Safouris, Georgios Magoufis, Robin Lemmens, Else Charlotte Sandset, Guillaume Turc, Marios Psychogios, Georgios Tsivgoulis
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, finding that endovascular treatment (EVT) can significantly reduce disability, improve independent ambulation, and lead to good functional outcomes for large-core acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). However, it has no significant impact on excellent functional outcomes and carries a risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Overall, EVT is effective and safe for large-core AIS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
Yun He, Hongzhou Lu
Summary: The latest edition of the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS in China has been updated in 2021 to provide more thorough and practical content based on nationwide clinical practice and the latest research. The guidelines highlight the importance of combining early intervention, prevention, and treatment, while also specifying detailed clinical phases, staging of AIDS, and diagnostic criteria. Additionally, the guidelines summarize advanced HIV/AIDS research in China and describe ways to optimize programs for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Review
Virology
Elodie Alessandri-Gradt, Alice Moisan, Jean-Christophe Plantier
Summary: To eliminate HIV infection, it is important to consider various factors such as epidemiological, preventive or therapeutic management to limit transmission and break viral replication. The UNAIDS goals of screening, treatment, and efficacy offer a possibility of elimination if properly followed. The challenge lies in the genetic divergence of the viruses, particularly HIV-1 non-group M variants, which require additional efforts to eliminate while maintaining vigilance and constant surveillance.
Review
Virology
Mary Grace Katusiime, Gert U. Van Zyl, Mark F. Cotton, Mary F. Kearney
Summary: Perinatally HIV-1-infected children worldwide require life-long ART, with those who start early treatment and maintain long-term viral suppression having smaller reservoirs, but facing the challenge of persistent infected cells through clonal expansion. The effects of life-long HIV persistence and ART on these children are not fully understood, but evidence suggests an increased risk for developing non-AIDS-related comorbidities, emphasizing the need for an HIV cure.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wouter Vermeer, Can Gurkan, Arthur Hjorth, Nanette Benbow, Brian M. Mustanski, David Kern, C. Hendricks Brown, Uri Wilensky
Summary: This study aims to improve local decision-making for ending the HIV epidemic by using the newly developed Levers of HIV agent-based model. The findings suggest that to achieve a 90% reduction in new HIV infections by 2030, it is crucial to strengthen all steps of the preexposure prophylaxis cascade and increase retention in HIV care.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. Daniel Kelly, Eugene T. Richardson, Michael Drasher, M. Bailor Barrie, Sahr Karku, Mohamed Kamara, Katrina Hann, Kerry Dierberg, Allan Hubbard, Christina P. Lindan, Paul E. Farmer, George W. Rutherford, Sheri D. Weiser
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2018)
Article
Immunology
J. Daniel Kelly, Mohamed Bailor Barrie, Annelies W. Mesman, Sahr Karku, Komba Quiwa, Michael Drasher, Gabriel Warren Schlough, Kerry Dierberg, Songor Koedoyoma, Christina P. Lindan, James Holland Jones, Gabriel Chamie, Lee Worden, Bryan Greenhouse, Sheri D. Weiser, Travis C. Porco, George W. Rutherford, Eugene T. Richardson
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Daniel Kelly, Lee Wordenid, S. Rae Wannier, Nicole A. Hoff, Patrick Mukadi, Cyrus Sinai, Sarah Ackley, Xianyun Chen, Daozhou Gao, Bernice Selo, Mathais Mossoko, Emile Okitolonda-Wemakoy, Eugene T. Richardson, George W. Rutherford, Thomas M. Lietman, Jean Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Anne W. Rimoin, Travis C. Porco
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Eugene T. Richardson, Mosoka P. Fallah
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2019)
Article
Infectious Diseases
S. Rae Wannier, Lee Worden, Nicole A. Hoff, Eduardo Amezcua, Bernice Selo, Cyrus Sinai, Mathias Mossoko, Bathe Njoloko, Emile Okitolonda-Wemakoy, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Jean Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Eugene T. Richardson, George W. Rutherford, James H. Jones, Thomas M. Lietman, Anne W. Rimoin, Travis C. Porco, J. Daniel Kelly
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Bina Choi, Manuela Cernadas, Jonathan Z. Li
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sophie Harman, Parsa Erfani, Tinashe Goronga, Jason Hickel, Michelle Morse, Eugene T. Richardson
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohamed Bailor Barrie, Sulaiman Lakoh, J. Daniel Kelly, Joseph Sam Kanu, James Sylvester Squire, Zikan Koroma, Silleh Bah, Osman Sankoh, Abdulai Brima, Rashid Ansumana, Sarah A. Goldberg, Smit Chitre, Chidinma Osuagwu, Raphael Frankfurter, Justin Maeda, Bernard Barekye, Tamuno-Wari Numbere, Mohammed Abdulaziz, Anthony Mounts, Curtis Blanton, Tushar Singh, Mohamed Samai, Mohamed Vandi, Eugene T. Richardson
Summary: A nationally representative serosurvey conducted in Sierra Leone in March 2021 revealed an overall weighted seroprevalence of 2.6%, which was 43 times higher than the reported number of cases. The rural seropositivity rate was 1.8%, while the urban rate was 4.2%. Despite relatively successful containment compared to countries in Europe and the Americas, Sierra Leone may need to strengthen containment measures in the face of the third wave of the pandemic.
Article
Immunology
J. Daniel Kelly, Raphael G. Frankfurter, Jacqueline M. Tavs, Mohamed Bailor Barrie, Timothy McGinnis, Mohamed Kamara, Adams Freeman, Komba Quiwah, Michelle C. Davidson, Bonnie Dighero-Kemp, Harrison Gichini, Elizabeth Elliott, Cavan Reilly, Lisa E. Hensley, H. Clifford Lane, Sheri D. Weiser, Travis C. Porco, George W. Rutherford, Eugene T. Richardson
Summary: This community-based study provides epidemiological evidence of a dose-dependent relationship between exposure risk and severity of illness in Ebola virus disease (EVD) cases and contacts. It suggests that pauci-/asymptomatic Ebola virus infection and unrecognized EVD may be partially explained by exposure dose.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dehkontee Gayedyu-Dennis, Mosoka P. Fallah, Clara Drew, Moses Badio, J. Soka Moses, Tamba Fayiah, Kumblytee Johnson, Eugene T. Richardson, Sheri D. Weiser, Travis C. Porco, Jeffrey N. Martin, Michael C. Sneller, George W. Rutherford, Cavan Reilly, Christina P. Lindan, J. Daniel Kelly
Summary: This study demonstrates the utility of sequential screening algorithms with rapid diagnostic testing or exposure risk assessments for identifying contacts with unrecognized Ebola virus disease. The findings suggest that symptomatic individuals who test negative by World Health Organization case definition would benefit more from such screening algorithms.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ashley Hazel, Michelle C. Davidson, Abu Rogers, M. Bailor Barrie, Adams Freeman, Mohamed Mbayoh, Mohamed Kamara, Seth Blumberg, Thomas M. Lietman, George W. Rutherford, James Holland Jones, Travis C. Porco, Eugene T. Richardson, J. Daniel Kelly
Summary: This study examines the spread of the Ebola virus within social networks in Sukudu village. Although no evidence explaining the decline of the epidemic was found, the study excludes potential reasons and identifies three social interactions in Ebola transmission.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Smit D. Chitre, Cecilia M. Crews, Mesfin Teklu Tessema, Indre Plestyte-Butiene, Megan Coffee, Eugene T. Richardson
Summary: The adverse effects of climate change on human health, such as environmental fragmentation leading to viral spillover from wildlife, expanding mosquito and tick habitats causing vector-borne virus infections, and the spread of water-borne and respiratory viruses due to frequent flooding and prolonged droughts, are unfolding in real time. Climate change is also causing the destruction of health systems, large-scale migrations, and posing unique threats to children's health.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eugene T. Richardson, Timothy McGinnis, Raphael Frankfurter
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elsie G. Karmbor-Ballah, Mosoka P. Fallah, Jason B. Silverstein, Hannah N. Gilbert, Ishaan K. Desai, Joia S. Mukherjee, Paul E. Farmer, Eugene T. Richardson
SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN
(2019)
Article
Area Studies
Raphael Frankfurter, Mara Kardas-Nelson, Adia Benton, Mohamed Bailor Barrie, Yusupha Dibba, Paul Farmer, Eugene T. Richardson
REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY
(2018)