Article
Veterinary Sciences
Umberto Molini, Giovanni Franzo, Hannah Nel, Siegfried Khaiseb, Charles Ntahonshikira, Bernard Chiwome, Ian Baines, Oscar Madzingira, Federica Monaco, Giovanni Savini, Nicola D'Alterio
Summary: The study revealed the exposure of WNV in Namibian donkeys, indicating its circulation throughout the country with regional differences, and the effectiveness of donkeys as sentinels for infection surveillance.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Gino Arcilla, Antoine Nguyen, Antonio Liu
Summary: We encountered a patient with HIV who showed rapid deterioration in mental status and was positive for both acute West Nile encephalitis and amphiphysin antibodies. After reviewing the literature, we found Dr. Moutsopoulos's paper from your journal highly interesting (Karagianni et al., 2019 [1]). Although autoimmune encephalitis following West Nile encephalitis is not uncommon, there are several intriguing aspects in our patient's case. Firstly, the coexistence of amphiphysin antibodies with West Nile encephalitis has not been reported before. Secondly, the monophasic clinical course suggests that autoimmune encephalitis triggered by or coexisting with West Nile encephalitis may be significantly underrecognized. Lastly, our patient was HIV positive but not severely immunocompromised, which may have contributed to the autoimmune status.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Serena Marchi, Emanuele Montomoli, Simonetta Viviani, Simone Giannecchini, Maria A. Stincarelli, Gianvito Lanave, Michele Camero, Caterina Alessio, Rosa Coluccio, Claudia Maria Trombetta
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence of antibodies against West Nile virus in Siena Province to estimate the recent circulation of the virus. Although no human cases of West Nile infection were reported in the area between 2016 and 2019, the active asymptomatic circulation confirms the potential concern of this emergent virus for human health.
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth Geerling, E. Taylor Stone, Tara L. Steffen, Mariah Hassert, James D. Brien, Amelia K. Pinto
Summary: Rising obesity rates worldwide have become a significant health concern, with obese individuals at higher risk for severe viral diseases. Research shows that obesity can lead to immune dysfunction, impacting the severity of viral infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Md Tahsin Khan, Rahatul Islam, Tarhima Jahan Jerin, Araf Mahmud, Sahara Khatun, Ahasanul Kobir, Md Nahidul Islam, Arzuba Akter, Shakhinur Islam Mondal
Summary: In this study, an immunoinformatics approach was used to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against the West Nile Virus (WNV). The selected epitopes have shown strong immune response against WNV, suggesting they could be strong vaccine candidates to prevent WNV infections in humans. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to validate the potential of the vaccine candidate.
Article
Immunology
Haiyan Sun, Dhiraj Acharya, Amber M. Paul, Huafang Lai, Junyun He, Fengwei Bai, Qiang Chen
Summary: Researchers have developed a plant-based vaccine candidate that provides protective immunity against lethal West Nile virus and minimizes the risk of infection by Zika and dengue viruses.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Kangkang Chang, Zhenyu Zhang, Guizhen Liang
Summary: In this study, the threshold dynamics of a spatially heterogeneous nonlocal diffusion West Nile virus model were investigated. The well-posedness of the solution was established using semigroup theory and continuous Fre ' chet-differentiable. The basic reproduction number was derived using the next-generation matrix method. The authors demonstrated the threshold dynamics by constructing a Lyapunov function and applying the comparison principle. Numerical simulations were used to validate the theorem results. It can be suggested that measures should be taken to reduce the spread of mosquitoes and birds in order to control disease development rapidly.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Liqiong Pu, Zhigui Lin
Summary: This paper discusses a model of West Nile virus on a growing domain, considering habitat expansion of mosquitoes due to climate warming. The basic reproduction number related to the growing rate and diffusion rate is introduced, and conditions for virus elimination or spread are deduced. Results show that domain growth increases infection risk and hinders control efforts for WNv.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Szu-Chia Hsieh, Wen-Yang Tsai, Jih-Jin Tsai, Mars Stone, Graham Simmons, Michael P. Busch, Marion Lanteri, Susan L. Stramer, Angel Balmaseda, Eva Harris, Wei-Kung Wang
Summary: The study highlights the need for better serological tests to distinguish past ZIKV, DENV, and other flavivirus infections, and improve vaccine strategies in endemic regions where interactions between these viruses are critical.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Folashade Agusto, Daniel Bond, Adira Cohen, Wandi Ding, Rachel Leander, Allis Royer
Summary: We constructed an epidemic model for West Nile virus, considering the interaction between bird hosts, mosquito vectors, and the use of insecticides. We derived the basic reproduction number and formulated optimal control problems to balance the cost and benefit of vector and disease control. Numerical simulations were performed to study the impact of control strategies on the system.
Article
Microbiology
Erica Azevedo Costa, Marta Giovanetti, Lilian Silva Catenacci, Vagner Fonseca, Flavia Figueira Aburjaile, Flavia L. L. Chalhoub, Joilson Xavier, Felipe Campos de Melo Iani, Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira, Danielle Freitas Henriques, Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros, Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho Guedes, Beatriz Senra Alvares da Silva Santos, Aila Solimar Goncalves Silva, Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhao, Nieli Rodrigues da Costa Faria, Renata Farinelli de Siqueira, Tulio de Oliveira, Karina Ribeiro Leite Jardim Cavalcante, Noely Fabiana Oliveira de Moura, Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano, Carlos F. Campelo de Albuquerque, Lauro Cesar Soares Feitosa, Jose Joffre Martins Bayeux, Raffaella Bertoni Cavalcanti Teixeira, Osmaikon Lisboa Lobato, Silvokleio da Costa Silva, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Rivaldo Venancio da Cunha, Jose Lourenco, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
Summary: The study found new genetic evidence of WNV circulation in southern and northeastern states of Brazil, with a climate-informed theoretical perspective highlighting the potential transmission pathways. The scarcity of existing data on WNV in Brazil and the need for active surveillance to prepare for future epidemics with human spill-over potential were also emphasized.
Article
Immunology
Wuttipong Phumrattanaprapin, Mark Pearson, Darren Pickering, Bemnet Tedla, Michael Smout, Sujittra Chaiyadet, Paul J. Brindley, Alex Loukas, Thewarach Laha
Summary: The study showed that monoclonal antibodies against Ov-TSP-2 can protect against opisthorchiasis in hamsters, indicating the potential of antibody-directed therapies for liver fluke infections. This supports the use of TSPs as components of a subunit vaccine for opisthorchiasis and similar infections.
Article
Fisheries
Xun Liu, Tian-Tian Tian, Xu-Jie Zhang, Yan-Ling Song, Yuan-Yuan Yao, Jian-Min Ye, Yong-An Zhang
Summary: In this study, a specific monoclonal antibody against Nile tilapia Ig lambda was prepared, which could recognize Ig lambda in serum and Ig lambda(+) B cells in tissues. The composition of IgM(+) and Ig lambda(+) B cell subsets was analyzed using this antibody and a mouse anti-tilapia IgM heavy chain antibody. The antibody level after immunization of Nile tilapia can be detected using this antibody, which lays a foundation for the evaluation of immunization effect of tilapia vaccine.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Robert E. Snyder, Gail Sondermeyer Cooksey, Vicki Kramer, Seema Jain, Duc J. Vugia
Summary: WNV-associated hospitalizations in California were substantial and costly, with higher incidence in males, elderly persons, and patients with underlying conditions. WNV remains a costly and severe public health threat in California.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Keisuke Maezono, Shintaro Kobayashi, Koshiro Tabata, Kentaro Yoshii, Hiroaki Kariwa
Summary: Deletion of the C-terminal region of E protein suppressed the formation of subviral particles (SPs) without affecting E protein production. The sensitivity of ELISA using full-length E protein was higher than that of truncated E proteins. ELISA using full-length E protein showed little cross-reactivity with anti-JEV antibodies and had similar sensitivity to the neutralization test.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)