Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bilal Ahmed Abbasi, Aishwarya Dharan, Astha Mishra, Devansh Saraf, Irsad Ahamad, Prashanth Suravajhala, Jayaraman Valadi
Summary: In this study, the genomes of six strains of Clostridium difficile were annotated and characterized using in silico approaches. The functional properties of proteins involved in the pathophysiology of the disease were identified, providing valuable information for understanding the biological nature of the strains and developing pharmaceutical targets.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Malin Inghammar, Henrik Svanstrom, Marianne Voldstedlund, Mads Melbye, Anders Hviid, Kare Molbak, Bjorn Pasternak
Summary: In a nationwide study among adults in Denmark, it was found that the use of PPIs is associated with a moderately increased risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. The elevated risk remained up to 1 year after the end of PPI treatment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a global threat to many healthcare settings. Excessive use of antimicrobials, lack of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this health issue. Prudent use of antimicrobials and simple infection control measures can significantly reduce infection rates.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Meng Wang, Zifeng Deng, Yanmei Li, Yi Ma, Jufang Wang
Summary: A novel lytic protein Cw1-CWB2 with high binding specificity and strong lytic activity has been designed in this study for combating C. difficile.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashleigh S. Paparella, Briana L. Aboulache, Rajesh K. Harijan, Kathryn S. Potts, Peter C. Tyler, Vern L. Schramm
Summary: Clostridium difficile produces toxins TcdA and TcdB causing diarrhea by affecting host cell functions using UDP-glucose, leading to disease onset. Researchers identified potential therapeutic approach using transition state analogue iminosugars.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Piccioni, Federico Rosa, Federica Manca, Giulia Pignataro, Christian Zanza, Gabriele Savioli, Marcello Covino, Veronica Ojetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Marcello Candelli
Summary: The composition of the human microbiome plays a crucial role in health, and alterations in the microbiota can lead to Clostridium difficile infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Justin Weppner, Joelle Gabet, Mark Linsenmeyer, Mohamed Yassin, Gary Galang
Summary: The study found the presence of C difficile spores in an acute rehabilitation environment and showed that proper disinfection methods can effectively reduce the risk of infection. It is important to sporicidally disinfect surfaces such as beds and wheelchairs to decrease the rates of C difficile infection.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jianwei Chen, Yasheng Li, Siqi Wang, Hongfang Zhang, Yujie Du, Qiang Wu, Hong Wang
Summary: This paper presents a refined focus on 16 FDA-approved drugs that could be further developed as potential anti-C. difficile drugs. Only ursodeoxycholic acid has entered Phase IV clinical trials so far. Drug repurposing promotes the study of mechanistic and therapeutic strategies, providing new options for the development of next-generation anti-C. difficile agents.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Alexis Hess, Saskya Byerly, Emily Lenart, Cory Evans, Andrew Kerwin, Dina Filiberto
Summary: This study aimed to identify predictors of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) in general surgery patients. Patients who underwent general surgery operations were analyzed, and it was found that older age, emergent operation, increased time to operation, infections at surgical sites, deep organ space infections, steroid use, metastatic cancer, smoking, and decreased body mass index (BMI) were independent predictors of CDI.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anqi Jin, Tony Chien, Qiwen Huang, Pragati Kenkare, Mai Vu, Sandra Wilson, Edward S. Huang
Summary: The study found that cholecystectomy is associated with a slightly increased risk of incident CDI, but this effect is not influenced by the use of proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, or hospitalization.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Nadia Diniz, Loren Nery Fontoura Moura, Diogo Soares Goncalves Cruz, Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior, Henrique Cesar Pereira Figueiredo, Joao Luis Reis Cunha, Eduardo Garcia Vilela, Edward J. Kuijper, Mark H. Wilcox, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a global healthcare problem, and new strains continue to emerge. This study characterized three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains of C. difficile and conducted a two-year survey in animals and humans. The results suggest that these new clade 2 strains have virulence potential and continue to emerge in Brazil.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mao Hagihara, Tadashi Ariyoshi, Yasutoshi Kuroki, Shuhei Eguchi, Seiya Higashi, Takeshi Mori, Tsunemasa Nonogaki, Kenta Iwasaki, Makoto Yamashita, Nobuhiro Asai, Yusuke Koizumi, Kentaro Oka, Motomichi Takahashi, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroshige Mikamo
Summary: CBM 588 enhances the antibacterial activity against C. difficile, reduces colon epithelial damage, and improves immunity through upregulating pathogen specific immunoglobulin A and enhancing gut epithelial barrier function to protect colon tissue from CDI.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuwen Qian, Dingran Chang, Jimmy Gu, Bruno J. Salena, Yingfu Li
Summary: Clostridium difficile is a common bacteria that causes an infectious disease, and there is a need for rapid diagnostic tests. Researchers have developed a RNA-cleaving fluorogenic DNAzyme probe, RFD-CD2, which can detect different pathogenic strains of C. difficile with high specificity. RFD-CD2 can detect C. difficile at a concentration as low as 100 CFU/mL, making it an attractive molecular probe for rapid diagnosis of CDI.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Siqi Wang, Leyang Xiang, Fang li, Wenlin Deng, Pinjing Lv, Ye Chen
Summary: This study found that levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, are reduced, and normal colon structure is damaged in patients with CDI compared with those in healthy individuals. Bile acid (BA) metabolic disorder in patients with CDI is characterized by increased primary BA levels and decreased secondary BAs. Butyrate treatment may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for patients with CDI.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
K. Rainha, Debora Lins, R. F. Ferreira, C. L. Costa, B. Penna, B. T. Endres, K. W. Garey, R. M. C. P. Domingues, E. O. Ferreira
Summary: Clostridioides difficile has been identified as one of the primary causes of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in humans and other mammals after the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. A case of C. difficile infection (CDI) in a 13-year-old male dog is described in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Article
Immunology
Charles Darkoh, Kadiatou Keita, Chioma Odo, Micah Oyaro, Eric L. Brown, Cesar A. Arias, Blake M. Hanson, Herbert L. DuPont
Summary: A study found that vancomycin nonsusceptible strains of Clostridioides difficile are circulating in patient populations, posing a serious challenge to treatment as vancomycin is a first-line antibiotic for CDI. Routine susceptibility testing may be necessary.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kevin W. Garey, Jacob McPherson, An Q. Dinh, Chenlin Hu, Jinhee Jo, Weiqun Wang, Chris K. Lancaster, Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Caroline Loveall, Khurshida Begum, M. Jahangir Alam, Michael H. Silverman, Blake Hanson
Summary: This study validates the effectiveness of ibezapolstat in treating adult patients with Clostridioides difficileinfection. The results show sustained clinical cure and beneficial effects on the microbiome and bile acids.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Taryn A. Eubank, Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Julian G. Hurdle, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile infection poses a major threat to global health. While oral vancomycin is commonly used to treat CDI, there is a lack of susceptibility testing in clinical labs, making it challenging to detect and monitor resistance. This systematic review explores the gene determinants and mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in C. difficile and highlights the need for further research to understand their clinical impact.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Robert Orenstein, Erik R. Dubberke, Sahil Khanna, Christine H. Lee, David Yoho, Stuart Johnson, Gail Hecht, Herbert L. DuPont, Dale N. Gerding, Ken F. Blount, Sarah Mische, Adam Harvey
Summary: In this Phase 2 trial, RBX2660 was found to be safe and effective in reducing the recurrence of rCDI compared to a historical control group. Microbiome changes in participants treated with RBX2660 were consistent with protective changes against C. difficile recurrence.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Chenlin Hu, Nicholas D. Beyda, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: The human microbiome project has revolutionized our understanding of the interaction between commensal microbes and human health. In this study, a simple and fast HPLC method was validated for quantitative fecal vancomycin analysis and the reproducibility of results were tested, establishing sample condition standards for quantitative HPLC studies on vancomycin pharmacokinetics with the human microbiome.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jacob McPherson, Chenlin Hu, Khurshida Begum, Weiqun Wang, Chris Lancaster, Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Caroline Loveall, Michael H. Silverman, M. Jahangir Alam, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: This study used a functional and metagenomic approach to predict the potential anti-CDI recurrence effect of ibezapolstat. The results from the clinical study showed that ibezapolstat demonstrated beneficial changes in microbiome and bile acid concentrations, suggesting a lower risk of CDI recurrence compared to vancomycin.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Charles Darkoh, Herbert L. DuPont, Cesar A. Arias, Micah Oyaro, Eric L. Brown, Blake M. Hanson
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jinhee Jo, Truc T. Tran, Nicholas D. Beyda, Debora Simmons, Joshua A. Hendrickson, Masaad Saeed Almutairi, Faris S. Alnezary, Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Edward J. Septimus, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: This study aimed to assess the use of echinocandin at hospital discharge and develop a transition of care model for patients with invasive candidiasis (IC). The study found a significant use of echinocandin at discharge, with almost half of the discharged patients receiving outpatient echinocandin therapy. Osteomyelitis, other deep-seated infection, and non-home discharge location were independent predictors for outpatient echinocandin use. The developed discharge model may assist in facilitating smoother and earlier hospital discharges.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Chenlin Hu, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: Clostridioide difficile is the leading cause of diarrhea disease worldwide and is considered an urgent threat pathogen by CDC. Mammalian models are commonly used to study C. difficile infection, but alternative nonmammalian models, such as great wax worm, nematode, fruit fly, and zebrafish, have been explored due to cost, throughput capacity, and ethical concerns. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the use of nonmammalian models in studying CDI, including its infection mechanism, pathogenicity, colonization, host immunity, and therapy. The translational outcomes and strengths and weaknesses of each nonmammalian model are discussed.
Review
Microbiology
Herbert L. L. DuPont, Zhi-Dong Jiang, Ashley S. S. Alexander, Andrew W. W. DuPont, Eric L. L. Brown
Summary: IgA-coated bacteria in the gut provide important homeostatic functions and their impairment is associated with dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been successful in engrafting healthy microbiota and metabolites, with IgA-coated bacteria being transferred to recipients. The evaluation of the IgA-biome should be included in FMT studies, using metagenomic methods to better identify and compare microbiota data.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ahmed Zaki, Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Nicholas D. Beyda, Todd Lasco, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of micafungin based on population-predicted pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic factors and susceptibility. MIC and AUC/MIC breakpoints derived from CART analysis predicted patient mortality and treatment failure for certain Candida species. These results support further PK/PD studies to optimize echinocandin dosing and improve patient outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Eric L. Brown, Heather T. Essigmann, Kristi L. Hoffman, Ashley S. Alexander, Michael Newmark, Zhi-Dong Jiang, Jessika Suescun, Mya C. Schiess, Craig L. Hanis, Herbert L. DuPont
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with distinct gut microbiome patterns. This study characterized the IgA-Biome of individuals with different clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease and identified unique bacterial profiles associated with these subtypes.
JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Travis J. Carlson, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: Human gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and recovery of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotics, although necessary for CDI treatment, can further disrupt the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and complicating recovery. Various microbiota-based treatment approaches, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and newly approved live biotherapeutic products, have been developed to address disease- and treatment-associated dysbiosis and improve cure rates. This review aims to discuss the changes in the gut microbiome associated with CDI and the effectiveness of different microbiota-based treatments.
Article
Immunology
Kevin W. Garey, Erik R. Dubberke, Amy Guo, Adam Harvey, Min Yang, Viviana Garcia-Horton, Mirko Fillbrunn, Hongjue Wang, Glenn S. Tillotson, Lindy L. Bancke, Paul Feuerstadt
Summary: In this study, the disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with rCDI treated with fecal microbiota was evaluated. The results demonstrated that patients treated with RBL had more improvements in the mental domain compared to those receiving placebo.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)