Article
Chemistry, Physical
Francisco Frausto-Parada, Ismael Vargas-Rodriguez, Itzel Mercado-Sanchez, Adan Bazan-Jimenez, Erik Diaz-Cervantes, Marco A. Sotelo-Figueroa, Marco A. Garcia-Revilla
Summary: A series of SARS-CoV-2-M-pro inhibitors were modeled using evolutive grammar algorithms, and an automated program was developed to find the best candidate. Through the transformation of chemical structures and exploration of chemical space, promising candidates with potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-M-pro were obtained.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jiyeong Kim, Ko Eun Kim, Ji Hong Kim, Seong Joon Ahn
Summary: Practice patterns of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening in South Korea have not been reported at a national level. This study aimed to investigate the timing and modalities of screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in South Korea. Data from the national Health Insurance Review and Assessment database were used for this population-based cohort study, and patients at risk were identified based on their hydroxychloroquine therapy initiation and duration.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanjun Zhao, Kelvin K. W. To, Hoiyan Lam, Xinxin Zhou, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Zheng Peng, Andrew C. Y. Lee, Jianpiao Cai, Wan-Mui Chan, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Chris Chung-Sing Chan, Man Lung Yeung, Anna Jinxia Zhang, Allen Wing Ho Chu, Shibo Jiang, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Summary: This study identifies a dual-functional cross-linking peptide 8P9R that can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry pathways in cells and suppress viral replication in animal models. The combination therapy of drugs like arbidol, chloroquine, and camostat shows promising results in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anjani, Sumit Kumar, Brijesh Rathi, Poonam
Summary: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a global pandemic and raised significant public health concerns. Researchers are actively searching for effective treatments against COVID-19. Initially, approved drugs were used as supportive care, and new therapeutic options were explored. Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), a Pfizer chemical, received recent approval for usage in combination with ritonavir. This review discusses the effectiveness of synthetic compounds and FDA-approved medications against SARS-CoV-2 and highlights the potential of developing better therapeutics through the study of synthetic analogs.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marly M. Melo, Monica R. F. Costa, Franklin S. Santana Filho, Jose Diego Brito-Sousa, Anne C. G. Almeida, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Gisely C. Melo, Jose Luiz Fernandes Vieira, Maria das Gracas Costa Alecrim
Summary: This study described the pharmacokinetic parameters of chloroquine in whole blood of adult patients with P. vivax malaria from the western Brazilian Amazon basin and compared the area under the curve (AUC) with the parasitological outcome at day 28. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in both groups, suggesting the lack of influence of early reappearance of parasites on chloroquine pharmacokinetics.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anick Berard, Odile Sheehy, Jin-Ping Zhao, Evelyne Vinet, Caroline Quach, Sasha Bernatsky
Summary: This study found that in a large pregnancy cohort exposed to chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, there was no clear increased risk of prematurity, low birth weight, or major congenital malformations, although the number of exposed cases remained low.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sofie A. M. Brookhuis, Karel Allegaert, Lidwien M. Hanff, Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge, Andre Dallmann, Paola Mian
Summary: This review provides an overview of acetaminophen pharmacokinetics changes during pregnancy, showing an increase in distribution volume and clearance of acetaminophen in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. Gaps in knowledge, such as fetal and placental pharmacokinetic parameters, have been identified for further exploration before evidence-based dosing adjustments can be suggested.
Article
Microbiology
Sean N. Avedissian, Gwendolyn M. Pais, Michelle Pham, Jiajun Liu, Jack Chang, Khrystyna Hlukhenka, Walter Prozialeck, Brooke Griffin, Anil Gulati, Medha D. Joshi, Ying Mu, Marc H. Scheetz
Summary: This study aims to understand the distribution of vancomycin in pregnant women, finding that vancomycin can cross the placental barrier and reach the fetus, and the accumulation in the kidneys varies depending on the trimester.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Cindy S. Chu, James A. Watson, Aung Pyae Phyo, Htun Htun Win, Widi Yotyingaphiram, Suradet Thinraow, Nay Lin Soe, Aye Aye Aung, Pornpimon Wilaisrisak, Kanokpich Kraft, Mallika Imwong, Warunee Hanpithakpong, Daniel Blessborn, Joel Tarning, Stephane Proux, Clare Ling, Francois H. Nosten, Nicholas J. White
Summary: Young children have lower exposure to primaquine and carboxyprimaquine as well as lower levels of methemoglobinemia compared to adults, suggesting they may need higher weight-adjusted primaquine doses than adults.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Pauline Bollen, Jolien Freriksen, Deborah Konopnicki, Katharina Weizsacker, Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio, Jose Molto, Graham Taylor, Irene Alba-Alejandre, Reinout van Crevel, Angela Colbers, David Burger
Summary: Data on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of dolutegravir in pregnant women living with HIV are limited, but the study supports the use of dolutegravir 50 mg once daily with food during pregnancy based on the findings that pharmacokinetic changes in late pregnancy are not clinically relevant.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Million A. Tegenge, Iftekhar Mahmood, Evi B. Struble, Zuben Sauna
Summary: Pharmacokinetics (PK) studies are crucial for determining safe and effective dosages of both small and large molecule drugs. While PK studies have been conducted for small molecules during pregnancy, there is limited research on macromolecules such as monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. This review provides an overview of macromolecule drugs and their PK differences compared to small molecules, as well as the physiological changes during pregnancy. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the impact of pregnancy on PK properties of macromolecules.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gaurav Joshi, Shikha Thakur, Mayank, Ramarao Poduri
Summary: This review presents the roles of chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of Covid-19, discussing their uses in different stages along with relevant pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters. It also critically analyzes the reported opinions on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19 treatment and suggests the need for more studies to optimize dosing regimens and pharmacokinetic assessments.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anaelle Monfort, Ema Ferreira, Gregoire Leclair, Gregory Anton Lodygensky
Summary: Cannabis use during pregnancy and breastfeeding can have negative effects on birth outcomes and lacks robust pharmacokinetics data. Studies on the effects of cannabis on brain development should be accompanied by pharmacokinetics studies to assess correlations. More research is needed to understand the safety of cannabis use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Richard Court, Kamunkhwala Gausi, Buyisile Mkhize, Lubbe Wiesner, Catriona Waitt, Helen McIlleron, Gary Maartens, Paolo Denti, Marian Loveday
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effects of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline and describe the exposure of bedaquiline in the breast milk of mothers treated for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. The results showed lower exposure of bedaquiline in pregnant women and higher concentrations in breast milk. Breastfed infants received doses of bedaquiline equivalent to maternal doses.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Andre Daher, Douglas Pereira Pinto, Lais Bastos da Fonseca, Heliana Martins Pereira, Diego Medeiros Dias da Silva, Leticia de Sa Fernandes Vallim da Silva, Alessandra Lanzillotta Esteves, Juliana J. Soares Medeiros, Jorge Souza Mendonca
Summary: This article presents the results of three bioequivalence studies that provide pharmacokinetic data on chloroquine and primaquine using up-to-date analytical methods. The results show that the tested formulations are bioequivalent, and the individual data provided may contribute to optimizing the treatment of vivax malaria.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Timothy M. E. Davis, Peter G. Colman, Charlotte Hespe, Sarah E. Heywood, Michael d'Emden
Summary: This study evaluated whether the clinical management of Australians with type 2 diabetes is in line with recent national and international guidelines. The results suggest that there is room for improvement in cardiovascular disease risk management in Australia.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Daniel White, Somayeh Abbas Zadeh, Sean O'Halloran, Sam Salman, David A. Joyce
Summary: Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) can be used as a persisting biomarker for alcohol consumption, and it can be measured in whole blood, washed erythrocytes, and dried blood spots. Specimen preparation alters PEth concentrations, making it difficult to interpret results and achieve harmonization. This study tested whether erythrocyte PEth can be accurately calculated by correcting whole blood measurements using hematocrit. The results showed that hematocrit-corrected whole blood PEth concentrations can be an alternative to washed erythrocytes, with similar sensitivity and specificity in identifying alcohol consumption.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emma J. Hamilton, Wendy A. Davis, Mendel Baba, Timothy M. E. Davis
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether there has been a decline in incident minor and major lower extremity amputations (LEAs) in type 2 diabetes patients in recent decades. The results showed non-significant reductions of approximately 40% in incident minor and major LEA among community-based individuals with type 2 diabetes during the 15 years between FDS Phases. The study identified predictors of minor/major LEAs, which can help inform clinical management.
DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jocelyn J. Drinkwater, Timothy M. E. Davis, Angus W. Turner, Wendy A. Davis
Summary: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and investigate whether distinct trajectories of the disease were associated. The results showed that a small percentage of patients developed at least moderate NPDR during the 6-year follow-up period. HbA(1c) was identified as the sole independent predictor of incident moderate NPDR or worse. Trajectory analysis identified two distinct groups - one with baseline/persistent DR and the other remaining DR free.
Review
Immunology
Isobel S. Walker, Stephen J. Rogerson
Summary: This article reviews the latest developments in the immunogenicity and pathogenesis of malaria, with a focus on the leading malaria killer, Plasmodium falciparum. Pathogenic factors include parasite-derived toxins and variant surface antigens that cause sequestration in the deep vasculature. The host response to these toxins and antigens plays a crucial role in determining disease severity.
Article
Immunology
Priyanka Barua, Michael F. Duffy, Laurens Manning, Moses Laman, Timothy M. E. Davis, Ivo Mueller, Ali Haghiri, Julie A. Simpson, James G. Beeson, Stephen J. Rogerson
Summary: In children from Papua New Guinea with severe or uncomplicated malaria, antibody recognition of homologous but not heterologous isolates was boosted in convalescence and showed variations with ABO blood group. Patterns of var gene transcription distinguished severe from uncomplicated malaria. ABO blood group may influence antibody acquisition to VSAs and susceptibility to severe malaria.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Matji, L. Maama, G. Roscigno, M. Lerotholi, M. Agonafir, R. Sekibira, I. Law, M. Tadolini, N. Kak
Summary: The Kingdom of Lesotho has a high burden of tuberculosis, with a prevalence rate of 581 per 100,000 population among those aged 15 years and above. The TB incidence rate is estimated to be 654 per 100,000, which is comparable to the rate reported by the World Health Organization. The survey also highlighted the need to identify and treat undiagnosed or under-reported TB cases to reduce transmission.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kirsten E. Peters, Scott D. Bringans, Ronan S. O'Neill, Tasha S. C. Lumbantobing, James K. C. Lui, Timothy M. E. Davis, Michael K. Hansen, Richard J. Lipscombe
Summary: PromarkerD is a blood test that predicts kidney function decline in people with type 2 diabetes who may be missed by standard tests. This study found that canagliflozin was effective in reducing PromarkerD scores in T2D patients, especially those at high risk.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Timothy M. E. Davis, Sharon Maxwell, Cathy Chan, Helen I. Keen, Wendy A. Davis
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Timothy M. E. Davis, Wendy Davis
Summary: This study examines the relationship between glycaemia and treatment complexity in type 2 diabetes patients and finds that diabetes duration has an impact on glycemic and treatment characteristics, which is of great importance for managing the disease.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Timothy M. E. Davis, Stephen A. P. Chubb, Kirsten E. Peters, Wendy A. Davis
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency in 1492 patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that although metformin treatment increased the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, there was no significant association between vitamin B12 status and neuropathy or anemia.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wendy A. Davis, Emma Hamilton, Timothy M. E. Davis
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes in the prevalence and incidence rates of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) in community-based Australians with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that the prevalence and incidence rates of DSPN varied between different phases, and further research is needed to understand the specific trends and contributing factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David G. Bruce, Wendy A. Davis, Timothy M. E. Davis
Summary: The study investigated temporal changes in mobility in community-based individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that almost one-quarter of the participants experienced clinically relevant mobility impairment that persisted or worsened over six years and was associated with late withdrawals and deaths. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test may have important clinical utility in assessing mobility and its consequences in adults with type 2 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruwani Rajapaksa, Wendy A. Davis, Timothy M. E. Davis
Summary: The aim of this study was to compare mortality rates in community-based Australians with type 1 diabetes (T1D), without diabetes, or with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The results showed that T1D substantially increases the risk of death, especially when diagnosed in late adolescence/young adulthood. The type of diabetes does not influence mortality rates after adjusting for key confounding variables.
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Okhee Yoo, Sam Salman, Britta S. von Ungern-Sternberg, Lee Yong Lim
Summary: This paper presents a new taste-masked flucloxacillin ternary microparticle (FTM) formulation for children, which overcomes the challenges of bitter taste, quick dissolution, and large doses. A robust and reproducible fabrication method is developed, with potential scalability.