Article
Veterinary Sciences
Binjie Chen, Xianchen Meng, Jie Ni, Mengping He, Yanfei Chen, Pengpeng Xia, Heng Wang, Siguo Liu, Guoqiang Zhu, Xia Meng
Summary: Research shows that two RyhB paralogs of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis can upregulate Type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors, affecting the bacteria's invasion into intestinal epithelial cells, and thereby impacting its virulence.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yu Li, Xiaojuan Yang, Jumei Zhang, Shiyuan Yang, Shuhong Zhang, Moutong Chen, Liang Xue, Yu Ding, Haiyan Zeng, Qihui Gu, Youxiong Zhang, Xianhu Wei, Juan Wang, Qingping Wu
Summary: This study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of 124 S. Enteritidis strains collected from retail foods in 39 cities across China, revealing a high rate of multidrug resistance and frequent resistance to nalidixic acid and ampicillin. Through PCR amplification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, it was found that these strains carried various resistance genes and integrons. Conjugation experiments and molecular characterization showed that resistance genes could be transferred to recipient strains via mobile plasmids.
Article
Microbiology
Ying-ying Liu, Dan-dan He, Meng-ke Zhang, Yu-shan Pan, Hua Wu, Li Yuan, Jian-hua Liu, Gong-zheng Hu
Summary: The study characterized the formation mechanism and characteristics of two cointegrate plasmids in Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis strain S13 using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools, revealing fusion of multiple plasmids and novel replicative mechanisms. The formation and evolution of these cointegrate plasmids could potentially expand the resistance and host spectrum of fusion plasmids.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yucen Xie, Jie Xu, Ren Yang, Jaza Alshammari, Mei-Jun Zhu, Shyam Sablani, Juming Tang
Summary: This study established a logarithmic relationship between the thermal death time (D-value) of S. Enteritidis PT 30 and the moisture content of the bacterial cells. The amount of moisture in Salmonella spp. was found to be a determining factor of its ability to resist thermal inactivation in dry environments. The findings may guide future designs of industrial thermal processes for the control of Salmonella strains in low-moisture foods.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Seema Irfan, Mohammad Zeeshan, Salima Rattani, Joveria Farooqi, Sadia Shakoor, Rumina Hasan, Afia Zafar
Summary: From 2013 to 2018, although there was an increase in localized extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi strains in organ infections in Pakistan, there was no increase in the proportion of such isolates compared to non-extensively drug-resistant isolates.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Dongyang Gao, Hongyue Ji, Linkang Wang, Xinxin Li, Dayue Hu, Junna Zhao, Shuang Wang, Pan Tao, Xiangmin Li, Ping Qian
Summary: The selection pressure of phage promotes bacterial mutation, resulting in fitness costs. By utilizing knowledge of bacterial receptors used by phages, we designed a phage cocktail consisting of four phages that targeted different receptors on the Salmonella Enteritidis cell surface. We found that this four-phage cocktail could delay the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial mutants compared to single-phage therapy. Furthermore, the mutants resistant to the four-phage cocktail had reduced virulence and increased susceptibility to antibiotics.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ji-Yeon Hyeon, Shaoting Li, David A. Mann, Shaokang Zhang, Kyu-Jik Kim, Dong-Hun Lee, Xiangyu Deng, Chang-Seon Song
Summary: This study investigated 96 SE isolates from poultry sources in South Korea from 2010 to 2017, revealing the presence of various antimicrobial resistance genes and a common virulence gene profile among the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the existence of genetically related isolates in processing plants, slaughterhouses, and retail meats, indicating a potential common source for different SE strains.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xin Yu, Hongwei Zhu, Yongheng Bo, Youzhi Li, Yue Zhang, Yang Liu, Jianlong Zhang, Linlin Jiang, Guozhong Chen, Xingxiao Zhang
Summary: The study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in broiler chickens in Shandong Province, China. It found that S. Enteritidis was the predominant serovar with high antimicrobial resistance rates to several antibiotics. Multidrug resistance, particularly to fluoroquinolone, showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2018. This study provides updated information on antimicrobial resistance data and risk assessment for Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler chickens in Shandong Province, which can be valuable for future surveillance activities to ensure chicken supply safety.
Article
Agronomy
Xiaoqing Hu, Xiaoying Sun, Shuanghua Luo, Shuyan Wu, Zhaojuan Chu, Xiujuan Zhang, Zhaojun Liu, Jiaxin Wu, Xiaohong Wang, Chang Liu, Xiaoyuan Wang
Summary: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of blue light (BL) in inactivating Salmonella Enteritidis on eggshells, while maintaining eggshell freshness. BL-treated eggs showed lower weight loss, higher Haugh unit, and higher total amino acid content during storage period, indicating the advantage of BL treatment in maintaining egg quality.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Nathalie Meijerink, Robin H. G. A. van den Biggelaar, Daphne A. van Haarlem, J. Arjan Stegeman, Victor P. M. G. Rutten, Christine A. Jansen
Summary: Research has shown that Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) infection in broiler chickens leads to an increase in numbers and activation of innate cells, with subsequent specific T cell and antibody responses potentially contributing to the reduction of SE.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elena Circella, Gaia Casalino, Francesco D'Amico, Nicola Pugliese, Michela Maria Dimuccio, Antonio Camarda, Giancarlo Bozzo
Summary: In recent years, there has been a more cautious use of drugs on livestock farms, leading to the consideration of alternative products in order to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of garlic in inhibiting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and to determine its Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)(90) and MIC50 values. The results showed that garlic has the potential to inhibit the growth of S. Enteritidis in vitro, with efficacy varying depending on the microbial concentration used.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Fatemeh Zeynali Kelishomi, Farhad Nikkhahi, Taghi Zahraei Salehi, Fatemeh Fardsanei, Amir Peymani
Summary: This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance, antibiotic resistance genes, and biofilm formation capacity of 34 Salmonella enterica serovar Entritidis strains. The genetic diversity of the strains was analyzed using PFGE. The results showed that the strains had high resistance to cefuroxime, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin, and most of them were biofilm producers. Genetic analysis revealed high homogeneity among strains with the same XbaI PFGE profile, indicating the need for multiple typing methods for reliable results.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Katya Arnold, Seunghyun Lim, Tal Rakler, Albert Rovira, Cinthia Satuchne, Elinor Yechezkel, Anat Wiseman, Yaniv Pima, Eugenia Yakunin, Assaf Rokney, Ehud Elnekave
Summary: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a global threat to public health, and poultry is one of the main reservoirs. The current methods for NTS characterization are time-consuming and have limited discriminatory power. Whole-genome sequencing can identify genetic variation within serotypes, and a multiplex PCR assay has been designed for the rapid and cost-efficient detection of emerging S. Muenchen serotype and its variants.
Article
Microbiology
Rabindra K. Mandal, Tieshan Jiang, Young Min Kwon
Summary: This study identified genetic factors required for the growth or survival of S. Typhimurium under various host stressors using Tn-seq method, revealing key genes essential for overcoming host insults. The discovery of novel genes with potential for vaccine and antibacterial drug development provides valuable insights into combating Salmonella infection.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sion C. Bayliss, Rebecca K. Locke, Claire Jenkins, Marie Anne Chattaway, Timothy J. Dallman, Lauren A. Cowley, Ben S. Cooper
Summary: This study developed a hierarchical machine learning model to rapidly identify and trace the geographical source of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infections from whole genome sequencing data. The model achieved high accuracy in predicting the continent, sub-region, and country of origin, and provides results within 4 minutes per sample, facilitating rapid outbreak resolution and real-time genomic epidemiology.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sohyun Cho, Lari M. Hiott, Sandra L. House, Tiffanie A. Woodley, Elizabeth A. McMillan, Poonam Sharma, John B. Barrett, Eric S. Adams, Joshua M. Brandenburg, Kelley B. Hise, Jacob M. Bateman McDonald, Elizabeth A. Ottesen, Erin K. Lipp, Charlene R. Jackson, Jonathan G. Frye
Summary: Salmonella, traditionally considered a foodborne pathogen, has been found to potentially have an environmental source related to fresh produce and water. This study investigates the prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA. It reveals a high diversity of Salmonella strains in surface water, some of which are drug resistant and genetically similar to human isolates, supporting the role of environmental water as a significant reservoir and transmission route of this pathogen.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Julian Damashek, Jason R. Westrich, Jacob M. Bateman McDonald, Morgan E. Teachey, Charlene R. Jackson, Jonathan G. Frye, Erin K. Lipp, Krista A. Capps, Elizabeth A. Ottesen
Summary: Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat to human health. This study examined the presence of fecal marker genes and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in stream water samples from the Upper Oconee watershed in Georgia, USA. The results showed widespread fecal contamination from humans, ruminants, and poultry, with a high percentage of samples testing positive for at least one of the six targeted ARGs. Non-point sources of fecal contamination, particularly aging wastewater infrastructure, were identified as critical disseminators of ARGs in the environment.
Article
Microbiology
Elizabeth A. McMillan, Margaret D. Weinroth, Jonathan G. Frye
Summary: S. Infantis has become a common serotype of Salmonella in the U.S., with most isolates carrying the pESI plasmid. Chromosomal differences were found between plasmid carriage groups, but no unique genes were identified. Isolates with the plasmid had more insertion sequences on average. This suggests that the proliferation of S. Infantis carrying the pESI plasmid is due to a single clonal strain that may have advantages in poultry or their environment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinane Tabcheh, Julia Vergalli, Anne Davin-Regli, Noha Ghanem, Jean-Marie Pages, Charbel Al-Bayssari, Jean Michel Brunel
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is increasing morbidity and mortality for non-curable infectious diseases. Novel strategies, such as effective antibiotic combinations and antibiotics with non-antibiotic activity-enhancing compounds, have emerged to combat multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jennifer E. Kurasz, Madison C. Crawford, Steffen Porwollik, Oliver Gregory, Katerina R. Tadlock, Eve C. Balding, Emily E. Weinert, Michael McClelland, Anna C. Karls
Summary: The adaptation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to stress conditions involves the expression of genes regulated by RpoN and activated by RtcR. The activation of RtcR is dependent on a RecA-controlled SOS response pathway and the presence of a specific region within the prophage Gifsy-1. This study highlights the role of prophages in controlling the activity of regulatory proteins and altering bacterial physiological functions.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elizabeth A. McMillan, Mark E. Berrang, Quentin D. Read, Surendra Rasamsetti, Amber K. Richards, Nikki W. Shariat, Jonathan G. Frye
Summary: Salmonella enterica is a common pathogen found in poultry food sources and is a major cause of foodborne illness in humans. The serovar Infantis, particularly those carrying the pESI plasmid, has emerged as a prevalent serovar in poultry meat samples and has caused recent human infections. A change in sampling method by the USDA-FSIS in 2016 to include neutralizing BPW (nBPW) as the rinsing agent raised concerns about the potential influence on the prevalence of ser. Infantis. However, experiments showed that the growth of ser. Infantis in nBPW was slightly slower initially but did not differ significantly from BPW after 6 hours. Furthermore, simulating regulatory sampling methods using nBPW did not affect the survival and growth of ser. Infantis in BPW. Therefore, the change in methodology is unlikely to have affected the emergence of ser. Infantis as a prevalent serovar in poultry meat products.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, Kevin Hunt, Leonard Koolman, Francis Butler, Seamus Fanning
Summary: The powdered formula market is expanding rapidly, raising the need to maintain high hygiene standards for safety. Cronobacter species pose a risk to public health, especially vulnerable infants consuming contaminated formula. Assessing the risk is difficult due to factory heterogeneity, and there is a potential risk of bacterial growth during rehydration. New detection methods are emerging to track Cronobacter species, and this review explores their persistence, pathogenicity, detection, and regulatory framework for safe powdered infant formula.
Article
Microbiology
Pilar Marcos, Aoife Doyle, Paul Whyte, Thomas R. Rogers, Maire McElroy, Seamus Fanning, Jesus Frias, Declan Bolton
Summary: The aim of this study was to characterize C. difficile isolates in Ireland in terms of ribotype and antibiotic resistance. The most common ribotype along the food chain was 078, followed by variant RT078/4. Less common and novel ribotypes were also detected. Majority of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with a significant proportion displaying a multi-drug resistant phenotype.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anne A. M. J. Becker, Stacie Munden, Evonne McCabe, Daniel Hurley, Seamus Fanning, Aspinas Chapwanya, Patrick Butaye
Summary: In order to achieve a consistent diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of uterine diseases in dairy cattle, researchers have focused on identifying the bacteria present in the uterus, known as the uterine microbiota. A study analyzed the uterine microbiota from healthy, pregnant, and diseased cows and found that the bacterial composition was more similar in healthy and pregnant cows compared to diseased animals. Endometritis, a major cause of infertility in dairy cows, results in significant economic losses. The study explored the endometrial microbiota and found significant differences in species diversity between healthy and diseased cows.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tristan Russell, Guerrino Macori, Lauren Russell, Grace Mulcahy, Donal Sammin, Seamus Fanning, Gerald Barry
Summary: The meat processing industry has been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique conditions in meat processing plants (MPPs) have the potential to increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Research has found that SARS-CoV-2 can persist on beef, pork, and salmon for at least 22 days at -20? and at least 12 days at +4?. However, no SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the food samples purchased from Irish supermarkets during the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of implementing multiple measures to reduce the risk of airborne infections in MPPs.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sohyun Cho, Lari M. Hiott, Quentin D. Read, Julian Damashek, Jason Westrich, Martinique Edwards, Roland F. Seim, Donna A. Glinski, Jacob M. Bateman McDonald, Elizabeth A. Ottesen, Erin K. Lipp, William Matthew Henderson, Charlene R. Jackson, Jonathan G. Frye
Summary: The aquatic environment is recognized as a source of antibiotic resistance (AR). A comprehensive survey was conducted to evaluate AR in a mixed-use watershed and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The survey found antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic residues in surface water. The analysis also showed that WWTPs did not completely remove AR contaminants from the water.
Article
Microbiology
Siobhan C. McCarthy, Guerrino Macori, Catherine M. Burgess, Geraldine Duffy, Seamus Fanning
Summary: This study presents the hybrid genome assemblies of four Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from the recto-anal junction of slaughter-age Irish sheep. In silico serotyping and genome analysis revealed that each strain carried a specific subtype of Shiga toxin, a complete locus of enterocyte effacement, and a rare O-island 122.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sohyun Cho, Charlene R. Jackson, Jonathan G. Frye
Summary: Surface water is a favorable environment for the accumulation and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, particularly E. coli and K. pneumoniae, in aquatic environments worldwide poses a growing threat to public health. This review aims to explore the contamination of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in freshwater environments and understand their sources and transmission routes, as well as the factors driving their presence.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, Leonard Koolman, Guerrino Macori, Seamus Fanning, Francis Butler
Summary: This study characterized Cronobacter sakazakii strains through whole-genome sequencing and identified important features, such as virulence genes and multiple antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the study compared the strains globally, contributing to a better understanding of Cronobacter outbreaks and the development of prevention and control strategies.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
William B. Crosby, Brandi B. Karisch, Lari M. Hiott, Lee J. Pinnell, Alexandra Pittman, Jonathan G. Frye, Charlene R. Jackson, John Dustin Loy, William B. Epperson, John Blanton, Sarah F. Capik, Paul S. Morley, Amelia R. Woolums
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tulathromycin metaphylaxis on antimicrobial resistance in MH isolated from stocker calves, and found that metaphylaxis increased the risk of isolation of multidrug resistant MH. However, the antimicrobial resistance genes identified in the isolated MH were primarily associated with integrative conjugative elements (ICE).
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)