Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nader S. Abutaleb, Mohamed N. Seleem
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infections are a significant public health threat globally, and auranofin shows potential as a new effective anti-CDI agent.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Andrew M. Skinner, Carolyn D. Alonso, Emilio Bouza, Oliver A. Cornely, Tim G. J. de Meij, Richard J. Drew, Kevin W. Garey, Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson, Stacy A. Kahn, Haru Kato, Ciaran P. Kelly, Colleen R. Kelly, Larry K. Kociolek, Ed J. Kuijper, Thomas Louie, Thomas Riley, Thomas J. Sandora, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Mark H. Wilcox, Erik R. Dubberke
Summary: With the approval and development of narrow-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), the primary endpoint for treatment success of CDI antibiotic treatment trials has shifted from treatment response at end of therapy to sustained response 30 days after completed therapy. The current definition of a successful response to treatment (three or fewer unformed bowel movements [UBMs] per day for 1-2 days) has not been validated, does not reflect CDI management, and could impair assessments for successful treatment at 30 days. We propose new definitions to optimise trial design to assess sustained response. Primarily, we suggest that the initial response at the end of treatment be defined as (1) three or fewer UBMs per day, (2) a reduction in UBMs of more than 50% per day, (3) a decrease in stool volume of more than 75% for those with ostomy, or (4) attainment of bowel movements of Bristol Stool Form Scale types 1-4, on average, by day 2 after completion of primary CDI therapy (ie, assessed on day 11 and day 12 of a 10-day treatment course) and following an investigator determination that CDI treatment can be ceased.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Afrah Al Sharaby, Tahani M. Abugoukh, Wefag Ahmed, Samah Ahmed, Abeer O. Elshaikh
Summary: This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of probiotics in preventing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). The study found promising effects of probiotics in preventing CDAD, with safe and well-tolerated outcomes. Further randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and different patient groups are needed to better understand the advantages of probiotics and recommend the optimal dosage and duration of treatment.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jeremy Grossman, Jun Fan, Felicia Allard, Jane Moon, Luis A. Marcos
Summary: This article reports a fatal case of S. stercoralis hyperinfection in an immigrant from rural Ecuador and emphasizes the importance of screening for this parasite in the appropriate clinical scenarios. Various diagnostic methods are introduced to make the diagnosis of S. stercoralis more accessible to practitioners.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Helene Marchandin, Cyril Anjou, Gaetan Poulen, Jane Freeman, Mark Wilcox, Helene Jean-Pierre, Frederic Barbut
Summary: This study reported a case of fidaxomicin-resistant C. difficile infection in a patient treated with fidaxomicin, characterized the genetic determinant for resistance and its effects on pathophysiological traits, and reviewed relevant literature. The observation supports the need for prospective surveillance of C. difficile susceptibility to treatment antibiotics.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Lei Deng, Huiyi Tay, Guangneng Peng, Jonathan W. J. Lee, Kevin S. W. Tan
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and subtype characteristics of Blastocystis in patients with suspicion of C. difficile infection in Singapore. The study found a Blastocystis positivity rate of 10.1%, with the predominant subtype being ST7. Co-infection of Blastocystis and C. difficile was observed in five patients, with subtypes ST7, ST1, and ST3 identified.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Srishti Saha, Kristin Mara, Darrell S. Pardi, Sahil Khanna
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the durability of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The results showed that the majority of patients had a durable response to FMT at 1 year post-treatment despite exposure to CDI risk factors, with antibiotic use being a predictor of decreased durability of FMT.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mao Hagihara, Tadashi Ariyoshi, Yasutoshi Kuroki, Shuhei Eguchi, Seiya Higashi, Takeshi Mori, Tsunemasa Nonogaki, Kenta Iwasaki, Makoto Yamashita, Nobuhiro Asai, Yusuke Koizumi, Kentaro Oka, Motomichi Takahashi, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroshige Mikamo
Summary: CBM 588 enhances the antibacterial activity against C. difficile, reduces colon epithelial damage, and improves immunity through upregulating pathogen specific immunoglobulin A and enhancing gut epithelial barrier function to protect colon tissue from CDI.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nimish Patel, Colleen Lowry, Daralyn Morgenson, Vaishali Shah, Nicholas Stornelli, Thomas P. Lodise
Summary: This retrospective cohort study compared real-world effectiveness outcomes of early-targeted fidaxomicin versus oral vancomycin for CDI treatment in hospitalized patients, and found that fidaxomicin potentially leads to better outcomes compared to vancomycin in this patient population.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ronald G. Hall, Travis J. Cole, Chip Shaw, Carlos A. Alvarez
Summary: Fidaxomicin was found to be associated with a significantly lower risk of CDI recurrence compared to vancomycin in a matched cohort study.
Article
Plant Sciences
Young-Jin Son, Young-Rok Kim, Sang-Hun Oh, Sungji Jung, Marco A. Ciufolini, Hee-Jong Hwang, Jin-Hwan Kwak, Hyunjoo Pai
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection is a global health threat and micrococcin P2 (MP2) has shown promising results as an effective antimicrobial agent against the hypervirulent C. difficile strain through in vitro and in vivo studies.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Layan Abu Rahmoun, Maya Azrad, Avi Peretz
Summary: The study revealed an association between antibiotic resistance and biofilm production capacity, emphasizing the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing for effective treatment. Additionally, differences in biofilm production capacity among different Sequence-types (ST) strains may aid in guiding treatment decisions for recurrent infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jacqueline R. Phan, Dung M. Do, Minh Chau Truong, Connie Ngo, Julian H. Phan, Shiv K. Sharma, Angel Schilke, Chrisabelle C. Mefferd, Jacob V. Villarama, Dengxun Lai, Amber Consul, Brian P. Hedlund, Steven M. Firestine, Ernesto Abel-Santos
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Hypervirulent strains have led to increased CDI rates, and standard treatments are becoming less effective. The bile salt analog CaPA was found to be a better antigerminant than CamSA against different C. difficile strains, and it showed efficacy in preventing CDI in mice and hamsters.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Chetna Dureja, Abiola O. Olaitan, Julian G. Hurdle
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile has significantly impacted patient care, but there are still many knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanisms of resistance.
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Alina Bazazhina, Naama Schwartz, Pninit Shaked, Walid Saliba, Gabriel Weber
Summary: There is no benefit of using vancomycin compared to metronidazole in terms of recurrence rate requiring hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, and mortality up to 4 and 8 weeks in non-severe first episode of CDI.
Letter
Oncology
Margarita Baka, Athanasios Michos, A. Alexopoulou, P. Bouka, E. Bouka, E. Dana, G. Dimitriou, Doganis, I. Grivea, M. Ioannidou, M. Kourti, E. Magkou, A. Makis, A. Malama, E. Mantadakis, G. Markozannes, A. Mitsios, M. Moschovi, V. Papadakis, P. Panagopoulou, E. Papakonstantinou, S. Papadopoulos, S. Polychronopoulou, M. Themistocleous, V. Tzotzola, Evangelia Ntzani, Eleni Th Petridou
PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Charilaos Dellis, Evangelia Petridou, Kirkira Banou, Levantia Zachariadou, Vassiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Summary: The study evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in healthcare workers of a pediatric hospital and found inconsistent results among different commercially available antibody detection assays, highlighting the importance of accurately assessing the number of past infections and the duration of antibodies.
Article
Virology
Filippos Filippatos, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Charilaos Dellis, Vasiliki Efthymiou, Alexandra Margeli, Ioannis Papassotiriou, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Summary: Limited data on SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in children during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated in this prospective study. The seropositivity rates in children were correlated with the number of newly diagnosed cases in the community, with higher rates observed in hospitalized and non-Greek children. School-age children had lower seropositivity rates, emphasizing the need for SARS-CoV-2 immunization.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sofia Mavrikou, George Marios Papaioannou, Vasileios Tsekouras, Kyriaki Hatziagapiou, Elizabeth Barbara Tatsi, Filippos Filippatos, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Athanasios Michos, Spyridon Kintzios
Summary: As a result of global vaccination progress against COVID-19, there is a need for fast, accurate, and affordable assays to monitor population-level immunity against the coronavirus. This study presents the development of a novel bioelectric biosensor for ultra-rapid detection of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike antigen. The biosensor shows potential for mass and reliable antibody detection in the early stages following vaccination.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Filippos Filippatos, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Charilaos Dellis, Dimitra-Maria Koukou, Christos Papagiannopoulos, Alexandra Margeli, Tania Siahanidou, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Summary: A study in Greece found that the seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 increased in children, especially in adolescents, during the Omicron variant period.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kanwarpreet Tandon, Alan C. Moss
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dimitra-Maria Koukou, Athanasios Michos, Panagiota Chatzichristou, Georgios Trimis, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Charilaos Dellis, Levantia Zachariadou, Theodota Liakopoulou, George P. Chrousos, Vasiliki Syriopoulou
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and genotype distribution of rotavirus (RV) infection in Greek children and assess the impact of vaccination coverage. The study found that with moderate vaccination coverage, there were changes in the epidemiology of RV infection in hospitalized children, but most circulating genotypes remained homotypic or partially heterotypic to the vaccines.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giannoula Gialeli, Anastasia Kapetanaki, Ourania Panagopoulou, Panagiota Vourna, Athanasios Michos, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, George Liosis, Tania Siahanidou
Summary: This randomized study investigated the impact of supplementing very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with mother's own milk (MOM) supplemented with preterm donor milk (PDM) or term donor milk (TDM) on protein intake and growth. The study found that infants in Group A, who received MOM supplemented with PDM, had higher protein intake and better growth outcomes compared to those in Group B, who received MOM supplemented with TDM, during the donor milk period. These results suggest that when donor milk is needed, PDM can positively influence protein intake and growth in VLBW infants (NCT05675397).
Article
Virology
Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Dimitra-Maria Koukou, Charilaos Dellis, Maria-Myrto Dourdouna, Vasiliki Efthymiou, Athanasios Michos, Vasiliki Syriopoulou
Summary: This study describes the epidemiology of unusual rotavirus genotypes and the molecular characteristics of P[14] strains. It was found that 1.4% of children with acute gastroenteritis in Greece were infected with rare G or P genotypes, with P[9] and P[14] being the most common. The emergence of P[14] during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests a possible zoonotic origin and interspecies transmission, which may result in new rotavirus genotypes with unknown severity.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Filippos Filippatos, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Athanasios Michos
Summary: Although COVID-19 is usually mild in children, some develop severe symptoms or a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). The immunological pathways that lead to MIS-C or asymptomatic cases in children are still unknown and require further investigation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Filippos Filippatos, Elizabeth -Barbara Tatsi, Christos Papagiannopoulos, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Summary: The study compared the ELISA and FIC methods for detecting neutralizing antibodies after COVID-19 immunization. The results showed good qualitative agreement between FIC and ELISA in detecting positive neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that FIC could be an alternative rapid testing method.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Evangelia Steletou, Dimitra Metallinou, Alexandra Margeli, Theodoros Giannouchos, Athanasios Michos, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Ioannis Papassotiriou, Tania Siahanidou
Summary: Although YKL-40 is a promising diagnostic biomarker of sepsis in adults, its value in neonatal sepsis is not known. This pilot case-control study aimed to assess the levels and diagnostic value of serum YKL-40 in term neonates with sepsis, and compared it with other inflammatory biomarkers. The results showed that YKL-40 levels were significantly elevated during the acute phase of sepsis and could be used as an indicator of sepsis in term neonates.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria-Myrto Dourdouna, Elizabeth -Barbara Tatsi, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Summary: Cellular immunity may play a crucial role in providing long-term protection against severe COVID-19 disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. This study investigated cellular immune responses using the QuantiFERON assay, along with assessment of humoral immunity, in individuals who were either unvaccinated convalescents or vaccinated individuals. The results showed that a significant proportion of vaccinated individuals had detectable T cell responses, while unvaccinated individuals did not. Further studies are needed to determine whether this is due to waning immunity or the assay's sensitivity.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Filippos Filippatos, Charilaos Dellis, Maria-Myrto Dourdouna, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Summary: In this study, the kinetics of immune responses after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were examined, and their association with epidemiological parameters and breakthrough infection (BI) was investigated. The levels of total and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins were measured in healthcare workers (HCWs) at different time points after the second and third dose of vaccination. The results showed no significant differences in antibody levels between HCWs with and without BI after the third dose, suggesting that antibody levels may not directly correlate with the risk of BI. The findings highlight the need for further research to better understand the immune response and protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jonathan P. Segal, Alan C. Moss
Summary: The initial phases of the global SARS-CoV2 pandemic had significant implications for the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), requiring adjustments to be made in the later stage to adapt to this situation.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)