期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE, VOL 35
卷 35, 期 -, 页码 249-265出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150339
关键词
action potential; ion channel; neuromodulation; structural plasticity
资金
- NIDCD NIH HHS [K99 DC011080, DC004450] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS028901, R01 NS028901] Funding Source: Medline
The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60 years of research; however, the most recent advances have shown that a very rich biology underlies this simple observation. The AIS has a remarkably complex molecular composition, with a wide variety of ion channels and attendant mechanisms for channel localization, and may feature membrane domains each with distinct roles in excitation. Its function may be regulated in the short term through the action of neurotransmitters, in the long term through activity- and Ca2+ -dependent processes. Thus, the AIS is not merely the beginning of the axon, but rather a key site in the control of neuronal excitability.
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