Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Wei, Ji-Yang Wang
Summary: Transcytosis of polymeric IgA and IgM mediated by pIgR is essential for mucosal immunity. The J chain plays a crucial role in the formation and recognition of polymeric IgA and IgM by pIgR, while MZB1 may act as a regulator to facilitate IgA and IgM transcytosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jingjing Zhang, Han Zhang, Litao Sun
Summary: Early immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are mainly mediated by IgM and IgA antibodies, which are crucial for neutralizing the virus at mucosal sites. While most authorized neutralizing antibodies are IgG antibodies, the potential of IgM, IgA, and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes against SARS-CoV-2 infection is discussed. The challenges and future directions in vaccine design and antibody-based therapeutics are also highlighted.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristina Borochova, Katarzyna Niespodziana, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Gerhard Hofer, Walter Keller, Rudolf Valenta
Summary: Research shows that human antibody responses to RSV F protein mainly target non-conformational epitopes, some of which represent cryptic epitopes. Therefore, the natural RSV-specific antibody response is only partially protective, highlighting the need to develop vaccines to direct human antibody responses towards neutralizing RSV epitopes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hongda Jiang, Shenshen Wang
Summary: The adaptive immune system improves its protection against future pathogens by constantly modifying its lymphocyte repertoire. Recent experiments have shown that B cells physically extract antigens using active forces, and this extraction level determines clonal fitness. These observations challenge the prevailing view that the equilibrium constant of receptor-antigen binding determines selective advantage. A theoretical framework was proposed to explore the impact of tug-of-war antigen extraction on the quality and diversity of an evolved B cell repertoire. The results suggest that active forces play a multifaceted role in immune adaptation, rationalizing key observations on repertoire dynamics.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Korakrit Poonsuk, Carita Kordik, Matthew Hille, Ting-Yu Cheng, William B. B. Crosby, Amelia R. R. Woolums, Michael L. L. Clawson, Carol Chitko-McKown, Bruce Brodersen, John Dustin Loy
Summary: Indirect ELISAs were developed to detect specific antibodies against M. haemolytica in cattle, showing high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. These tests can be used for disease surveillance and prevention in feedlot cattle.
Article
Microbiology
Yalcin Pisil, Zafer Yazici, Hisatoshi Shida, Tomoyuki Miura
Summary: Recent research has shown that IgM and IgA monoclonal antibodies have higher neutralization efficiency against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein compared to IgG monoclonal antibodies, suggesting a new strategy for developing antibody therapies for COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Meiyu Wu, Ming Zhao, Haijing Wu, Qianjin Lu
Summary: The diversity of the immune repertoire allows the immune system to differentiate a wide range of antigens encountered throughout life, but can also contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. High-throughput sequencing technology aids in monitoring immune responses and identifying disease-specific immune repertoires, providing potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Mengyu Chen, Rundong Qin, Mei Jiang, Zhaowei Yang, Weiping Wen, Jing Li
Summary: Serological antibody tests play a supplemental role in diagnosing COVID-19, with tests conducted 2 weeks after symptom onset showing better diagnostic accuracy. Detection of S protein as the antigen and chemiluminescence immunoassay could offer more accurate results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Carlota Dobano, Selena Alonso, Marta Vidal, Alfons Jimenez, Rocio Rubio, Rebeca Santano, Diana Barrios, Gemma Pons Tomas, Maria Mele Casas, Maria Hernandez Garcia, Monica Girona-Alarcon, Laura Puyol, Barbara Baro, Pere Millat-Martinez, Sara Ajanovic, Nuria Balanza, Sara Arias, Natalia Rodrigo Melero, Carlo Carolis, Aleix Garcia-Miquel, Elisenda Bonet-Carne, Joana Claverol, Marta Cubells, Claudia Fortuny, Victoria Fumado, Anna Codina, Quique Bassat, Carmen Munoz-Almagro, Mariona Fernandez de Sevilla, Eduard Gratacos, Luis Izquierdo, Juan Jose Garcia-Garcia, Ruth Aguilar, Iolanda Jordan, Gemma Moncunill
Summary: COVID-19 has a lesser impact on children compared to adults, but they can still get infected and transmit the virus. A study evaluated the use of high-throughput Luminex assays to measure SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in saliva and compared them to serum/plasma samples in infected children and adults. The results showed a correlation between saliva and serum/plasma antibody levels, and infected children had higher antibody levels, suggesting stronger clinical immunity. Therefore, measuring saliva antibodies could be a useful tool to determine COVID-19 prevalence and transmission in pediatric populations.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher S. Wilson, Emilee M. Hoopes, Alexander C. Falk, Daniel J. Moore
Summary: The immune system of healthy individuals is capable of regulating autoimmunity. However, in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), natural IgM is unable to perform its normal immunoregulatory function. Treating diabetic mice with IgM from healthy donors or an IgM-enriched preparation called Pentaglobin can reverse the disease and boost protective immunity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mohd Raeed Jamiruddin, Md Ahsanul Haq, Kazuhito Tomizawa, Eiry Kobatake, Masayasu Mie, Sohel Ahmed, Shahad Saif Khandker, Tamanna Ali, Nowshin Jahan, Mumtarin Jannat Oishee, Mohib Ullah Khondoker, Bijon Kumar Sil, Mainul Haque, Nihad Adnan
Summary: This study observed antibody dynamics in individuals exposed to SARS-COV-2, finding that COVID-19 patients experienced more severe symptoms during their second episode, accompanied by a significant increase in IgG antibodies. IgM and IgA antibodies in the blood may wane quickly, while IgG antibodies persist. The findings suggest potential implications for the development of sero-diagnostics and predictions for ongoing vaccination efforts.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Iara Maira de Oliveira Viana, Sabrina Roussel, Joan Defrene, Eliana Martins Lima, Frederic Barabe, Nicolas Bertrand
Summary: Significant progress has been made in the field of nanomedicine, allowing for more efficient drug delivery and recognition of therapeutic effects through a collaboration of engineering and medicine. Successes in gene silencing methods beyond oncology have paved the way for new therapies. The global pandemic has highlighted the potential of mRNA vaccines, emphasizing the need for rational design of therapies and vaccines in the future.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Matthew Lukies, Adil Zia, Helen Kavnoudias, Julian J. Bosco, Callum Narita, Robin Lee, Timothy Joseph, Warren Clements
Summary: This study demonstrated quantitatively that long-term immune function remains after splenic artery embolization for blunt abdominal trauma based on the levels of IgM memory B cells.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Bradley W. Richmond, Samira Mansouri, Ana Serezani, Sergey Novitskiy, Jessica B. Blackburn, Rui-Hong Du, Hubaida Fuseini, Sergey Gutor, Wei Han, Jacob Schaff, Georgii Vasiukov, Matthew K. Xin, Dawn C. Newcomb, Lei Jin, Timothy S. Blackwell, Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
Summary: This study found that disruption of the SIgA-containing immunobarrier in small airways of COPD patients is associated with lymphocyte accumulation and TLS formation. In SIgA-deficient mice, bacterial invasion led to lymphocytic infiltration and advanced COPD-like pathology, which was alleviated by depleting CD4(+) or CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Research also demonstrated the crucial role of moDCs in driving the persistent and pathological T lymphocyte response in the context of SIgA deficiency.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Orsolya Oravecz, Roberto Romero, Eszter Toth, Judit Kapitany, Mate Posta, Dahiana M. Gallo, Simona W. Rossi, Adi L. Tarca, Offer Erez, Zoltan Papp, Janos Matko, Nandor Gabor Than, Andrea Balogh
Summary: Galectin-13 and galectin-14 play important immunoregulatory roles during pregnancy by inducing apoptosis of immune cells and promoting cytokine production. These findings provide further understanding of the mechanisms underlying placental immune regulation during a healthy pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)