Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mihaela Fadgyas Stanculete, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, Stefan-Lucian Popa, Octavia Oana Capatina
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder characterized by altered gut-brain interaction and dysfunction of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Prior studies have shown significant impairments in the health-related quality of life of patients with IBS. Resilience, as a psychosocial ability, plays a crucial role in promoting health and enhancing stress response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tsukasa Nozu, Saori Miyagishi, Masatomo Ishioh, Kaoru Takakusaki, Toshikatsu Okumura
Summary: Phlorizin was found to improve visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability in IBS models by inhibiting SGLT2, and these effects were mediated via the AMPK, NO, and opioid pathways.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Marasco, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Giulia Cacciari, Francesca Falangone, Anna Kagramanova, Dmitry Bordin, Vasile Drug, Egidia Miftode, Pietro Fusaroli, Salem Youssef Mohamed, Chiara Ricci, Massimo Bellini, Mohammed Masudur Rahman, Luigi Melcarne, Javier Santos, Beatriz Lobo, Serhat Bor, Suna Yapali, Deniz Akyol, Ferdane Pirincci Sapmaz, Yonca Yilmaz Urun, Tugce Eskazan, Altay Celebi, Huseyin Kacmaz, Berat Ebik, Hatice Cilem Binicier, Mehmet Sait Bugdayci, Munkhtsetseg Banzragch Yagci, Husnu Pullukcu, Berrin Yalinbas Kaya, Ali Tureyen, Ibrahim Hatemi, Elif Sitre Koc, Goktug Sirin, Ali Riza Caliskan, Goksel Bengi, Esra Ergun Alis, Snezana Lukic, Meri Trajkovska, Keren Hod, Dan Dumitrascu, Antonello Pietrangelo, Elena Corradini, Magnus Simren, Jessica Sjoelund, Navkiran Tornkvist, Uday C. Ghoshal, Olga Kolokolnikova, Antonio Colecchia, Jordi Serra, Giovanni Maconi, Roberto De Giorgio, Silvio Danese, Piero Portincasa, Antonio Di Sabatino, Marcello Maggio, Elena Philippou, Yeong Yeh Lee, Daniele Salvi, Alessandro Venturi, Claudio Borghi, Marco Zoli, Paolo Gionchetti, Pierluigi Viale, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that patients with COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms on hospital admission and lower rates of constipation and hard stools at 12 months post-infection compared to the control group. Additionally, the rate of irritable bowel syndrome was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in controls.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Wei Wei, Huifen Wang, Yanli Zhang, Yu Zhang, Bingyu Niu, Shuo Chen, Wenxue Zhang, Shukun Yao
Summary: The expression levels of TGR5 in colonic mucosa were significantly higher in IBS-D patients compared to controls, while VDR levels showed no significant difference. Patients with more severe or frequent abdominal pain had higher levels of TGR5. Primary BAs in feces were increased in IBS-D patients and correlated with the severity of diarrhea. The level of TGR5 was positively associated with primary BAs and negatively associated with secondary BAs in participants providing both mucosal and stool samples.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Guanqun Chao, Zhaojun Wang, Xinli Chen, Shuo Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 in the colonic tissue and serum of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats, as well as the distribution and expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the spinal cord and brain of the visceral hypersensitivity rats. The findings suggest that IL-1 beta may participate in the pathogenesis mechanism of IBS, while the increased expression of CRF in the spinal cord, hypothalamus, and third ventricle may play a significant role in the mechanisms of visceral hypersensitivity signal conduction pathway.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zijuan Bi, Shisheng Zhang, Yangyang Meng, Ya Feng, Yinshu Wang, Enkang Wang, Xiangxue Pan, Ruixin Zhu, Haiting Fan, Shuhua Pang, Lixin Zhu, Jianye Yuan
Summary: The knockout of the SERT gene may lead to changes in the serotonin system, causing VH and accelerated gastrointestinal motility in female rats, which can be used as an animal model of IBS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Chen, Hua Zhang, Chang-Yue Sun, Qing-Ying He, Rui-Rong Zhang, Bin-Fei Luo, Zi-Hao Zhou, Xiao-Fan Chen
Summary: An animal model that mimics the pathological state of diarrhea symptoms, visceral hypersensitivity, reduced intestinal mucosal barrier permeability, immune regulatory dysfunction, and dysbiosis in IBS-D patients was constructed through restraint stress and chemical stimulation. However, herbs with antibacterial effects such as rhubarb and senna are not suitable for chemical stimulation, as they may alter the intestinal flora imbalance, and restraint stress may be a key factor in modeling.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sholpan Omarova, Karem Awad, Verena Moos, Christoph Puening, Greta Goelz, Jorg-Dieter Schulzke, Roland Buecker
Summary: This study observed patients with persistent PI-IBS symptoms after C. jejuni infection and found that the epithelial resistance of the colon epithelium was unaltered, but the permeability of HRP increased and some inflammation-related markers were elevated. Therefore, targeting these mechanisms caused by the infection may help reduce sequelae such as PI-IBS.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Liu, Rui Peng, Qian Tan, Bocun Li, Jianyi Chen, Guangya Liu, Yawen Wang, Chao Li, Jia Li, Hua Wang
Summary: In this study, label-free LC-MS-based proteomics analysis was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of IBS-D and the effects of acupuncture on colonic mucosa protein abundance in rats. The results showed that IBS-D is closely related to energy metabolism and muscular excitation/contraction. Both traditional acupuncture and syndrome differentiation acupuncture can reverse the impairments of normal energy metabolism. Additionally, the syndrome differentiation acupuncture can regulate proteins related to inflammation, wound repair and cell protection against oxidative stress, which may contribute to its analgesic effect.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Charlene Choo, Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi, Tien S. Dong, Adrienne Lenhart, Venu Lagishetty, Jonathan P. Jacobs, Jennifer S. Labus, Nancee Jaffe, Emeran A. Mayer, Lin Chang
Summary: Mucosal microbiota differs significantly from fecal microbiota in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). There are significant differences in mucosal microbiota between IBS bowel habit subtypes, and increased abundance of Prevotella copri may contribute to symptoms in patients with IBS.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael Camilleri, Guy Boeckxstaens
Summary: This article evaluates the evidence that targeted pathophysiological mechanisms and customized treatments can be an alternative approach to treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The authors conducted a literature review on the mechanisms and treatments of IBS, identifying various noninvasive clinical tests that can assess the underlying mechanisms responsible for symptom generation. These mechanisms include rectal evacuation disorders, abnormal transit, visceral hypersensitivity or hypervigilance, bile acid diarrhea, sugar intolerances, barrier dysfunction, the microbiome, immune activation, and chemicals released by these mechanisms. The authors also recognized the basic molecular mechanisms contributing to these pathophysiologies, offering opportunities for interventions with medications targeted at specific food components, receptors, and potentially the microbiome. Although the evidence supporting interventions for each mechanism varies, the current state-of-the-art allows for a shift from symptom-based treatment to individualized treatment guided by pathophysiology and clinically identified biomarkers.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ko Miura, Tadayuki Oshima, Chiyomi Ito, Tomoki Horikawa, Mayumi Yamada, Toshihiko Tomita, Hirokazu Fukui, Hiroto Miwa
Summary: In this study, the expression of bile acid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells of IBS patients was examined. The results showed a significant increase in mast cell counts and elevated VDR protein levels in the duodenum of IBS patients, while no differences were observed in FXR and TGR5 protein levels.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabella Gigante, Valeria Tutino, Francesco Russo, Valentina De Nunzio, Sergio Coletta, Raffaele Armentano, Alberto Crovace, Maria Gabriella Caruso, Antonella Orlando, Maria Notarnicola
Summary: The study found that a high-fat diet can improve gastrointestinal symptoms and functions in an animal model of IBS by restoring intestinal tissue damage, upregulating CB1 and CB2 receptors, and affecting glucose metabolism and intestinal membrane permeability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emeran A. Mayer, Hyo Jin Ryu, Ravi R. Bhatt
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions, affecting 5-10% of the global population. The current diagnosis criteria focus on recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, but patients also experience non-painful abdominal discomfort, psychiatric conditions, and other pain-related symptoms. Recent research has revealed a comprehensive disease model of brain-gut-microbiome interactions, explaining the various symptoms of IBS. This model incorporates the gut connectome, enteric nervous system, brain alterations, and correlations with genetic, gastrointestinal, immune, and gut microbiome-related factors.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Hadar Bootz-Maoz, Ayelet Pearl, Ehud Melzer, Stephen Malnick, Efrat Sharon, Yifat Bennet, Rotem Tsentsarevsky, Shlomi Abuchatzera, Sivan Amidror, Elana Aretz, Shalhevet Azriel, Chen Gam Ze Letova, Maria Naama, Irit Shoval, Orly Yaron, Sarit Karako-Lampert, Shai Bel, Nissan Yissachar
Summary: Changes in microbiome composition are associated with human diseases, and finding causative connections between specific microbial taxa and their impact on the host tissues is crucial for clinical translation. This study infuses gut organ cultures with microbiota samples from therapy-naive patients with IBS under a low-FODMAP diet and identifies a diet-sensitive pathobiont that disrupts gut barrier functions. The findings support the potential feasibility of microbiome-based therapies in IBS.