期刊
ANNALS OF PHYSICS
卷 326, 期 4, 页码 839-866出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2010.11.002
关键词
Topological quantum order; Quantum error correcting code
资金
- DARPA [HR0011-09-C-0047]
- IBM Research
We study a 3D generalization of the toric code model introduced recently by Chamon. This is an exactly solvable spin model with six-qubit nearest-neighbor interactions on an FCC lattice whose ground space exhibits topological quantum order. The elementary excitations of this model which we call monopoles can be geometrically described as the corners of rectangular-shaped membranes. We prove that the creation of an isolated monopole separated from other monopoles by a distance R requires an operator acting on Omega(R(2)) qubits. Composite particles that consist of two monopoles (dipoles) and four monopoles (quadrupoles) can be described as end-points of strings. The peculiar feature of the model is that dipole-type strings are rigid, that is, such strings must be aligned with face-diagonals of the lattice. For periodic boundary conditions the ground space can encode 4g qubits where g is the greatest common divisor of the lattice dimensions. We describe a complete set of logical operators acting on the encoded qubits in terms of closed strings and closed membranes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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