Review
Pediatrics
Vahid Monfared, Adel Salehian, Zeinab Nikniaz, Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan, Zeinab Faghfoori
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the effects of zinc supplementation on anthropometric measurements in healthy children over 2 years old. Pooled results from eight studies showed that zinc supplementation significantly increased height, weight, and height for age. There was no significant association between dose and duration of intervention and anthropometric parameters.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qiqi Ren, Kaifeng Li, Han Sun, Chengdong Zheng, Yalin Zhou, Ying Lyu, Wanyun Ye, Hanxu Shi, Wei Zhang, Yajun Xu, Shilong Jiang
Summary: The study found that there was no significant difference in growth between formula-fed and breastfed infants in the early stages of life. However, infants consuming formula with higher protein content grew faster at 2-3 months old. Furthermore, formula-fed infants showed faster growth compared to breastfed infants as time progressed.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ting Zhu, Jinyang Chen, Qingli Chai, Shasha Zeng, Yucheng Liu
Summary: This study presents a novel and stable fluorescent sensor based on the wavelength shift of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) as signal readout. By introducing manganese ion (Mn2+), the fluorescence wavelength of CuNCs could be precisely tuned, and it is demonstrated that wavelength readout is more stable than intensity readout. A stable sensor for sensitive alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection is constructed based on this principle, and consistent results with clinical test data are obtained in real serum samples.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Noah B. Schorr, David J. Arnot, Andrea M. Bruck, Jonathon Duay, Maria Kelly, Rachel L. Habing, Logan S. Ricketts, Julian A. Vigil, Joshua W. Gallaway, Timothy N. Lambert
Summary: In this study, a rechargeable alkaline zinc/copper oxide battery was successfully demonstrated, with the incorporation of Bi2O3 additive to enhance the battery performance. The role of Bi2O3 in stabilizing the copper oxide-based conversion cathode and promoting the reduction of copper species was highlighted as crucial for the improved electrochemical reversibility and cycling stability.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yan Wang, Ying Yan, Xinfa Liu, Changbei Ma
Summary: This study developed a simple and fast method to detect alkaline phosphatase quantitatively, with a LOD of 0.0098 U/L. The turn-off strategy allows for the detection of alkaline phosphatase presence, making it a potential tool for quantitative detection in clinical diagnosis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
David J. Arnot, Noah B. Schorr, Igor V. Kolesnichenko, Timothy N. Lambert
Summary: This work demonstrates the utilization of Cu as the cathode active material in alkaline Zn batteries through the formation of nanoscale carbon-coated Cu/Bi particles. The carbon coating provides consistent cycling performance and prevents the formation of detrimental Cu2O structures. Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the properties of the resulting particles. This study provides further insight into methods for realizing a Cu-based cathode for rechargeable alkaline Zn batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei Chen, Wenjing Qi, Chengpei Du, Yi Wang, Chun Liu, Xiaomei Huang, Xiaojuan Chang
Summary: A high-selectivity Cu2+ fluorescent probe was synthesized via a one-step Mannich reaction, which can effectively detect Cu2+ concentration and rapidly detect PPi and ALP.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rong-Mei Kong, Peihua Li, Xinyue Ge, Yan Zhao, Weiheng Kong, Mei-Hao Xiang, Lian Xia, Fengli Qu
Summary: A new ratiometric fluorescent probe based on Ce3+-CuNCs with AIE feature and CDs was developed for efficient determination of ALP. The probe exhibited a good linear relationship and low detection limit, enabling accurate quantification of ALP concentrations.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Cheng-Yu Li, Xin-Yu Li, Liang Shen, Hong-Fang Ji
Summary: Transition metal ions play a regulatory role in the gut microbiota, with this paper providing a comprehensive discussion on the effects of four types of transition metal ions (iron, copper, zinc, and manganese) on gut microbiota based on 20 animal model and human studies. Both deficiency and supplementation of these transition metal ions on the gut microbiota were considered, along with potential mechanisms governing their regulatory effects.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Patti Perks, Emily Huynh, Karolina Kaluza, Joseph I. Boullata
Summary: Parenteral nutrition supports patients with inadequate intestinal absorption of nutrients. Supplementing with trace elements is necessary in PN therapy and FDA has implemented strict oversight. Individualized adjustment of trace elements in PN is crucial.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maureen Middleton, Manuel Olivares, Alejandra Espinoza, Miguel Arredondo, Fernando Pizarro, Carolina Valenzuela
Summary: This study found that pigs raised on intensive farms are prone to developing iron-deficiency anemia if not given supplemental iron at birth. Excessive oral iron supplementation in pigs was shown to reduce zinc content in pork.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Heydar Zarghi, Abolghasem Golian, Ahmad Hassanabadi, Farhad Khaligh
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on broilers and estimated the optimum zinc levels. The results showed that zinc and phytase supplementation improved growth performance, immune response, digestibility, and intestinal features. This study is important for understanding how to optimize zinc levels in broiler feed.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lucas A. Rodrigues, Michael O. Wellington, J. Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, John K. Htoo, Andrew G. Van Kessel, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: Supplementing functional amino acids (FAA) improves gut health and antioxidant defense in pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). This study shows that ileal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity is increased following FAA supplementation, and it is correlated with systemic markers of antioxidant defense. Therefore, developing feeding strategies to enhance IAP activity is important for gut and overall health.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Izzuddin M. Aris, Wei Perng, Dana Dabelea, Jody M. Ganiban, Chang Liu, Kristine Marceau, Olivia C. Robertson, Christine W. Hockett, Nicole L. Mihalopoulos, Xiangrong Kong, Megan M. Herting, T. Michael O'Shea, Elizabeth T. Jensen, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken
Summary: This study showed that faster gains in weight, height, or BMI in early life were associated with earlier pubertal onset, indicating that children who experience rapid early growth should be closely monitored for early puberty and provided with appropriate support services.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lei Hu, Peng Zhong, Xu Zhang, Ye Xiang, M. -Sadeeq Balogun, Yexiang Tong, Hao Yang
Summary: This study developed a simple fabrication method to synthesize copper-doped ZnSe nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon, forming a Cu-ZnSe@NC composite. The composite exhibited excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in weak alkaline conditions, with a low overpotential of 84 mV, comparable to commercial Pt/C. Experimental and theoretical results showed that copper doping increased the number and intrinsic activity of active sites, and modulated the electronic structure of the catalyst, promoting H2O adsorption and optimizing the energy barrier for H adsorption in alkaline electrolyte.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jose Villar, Constanza P. Soto Conti, Robert B. Gunier, Shabina Ariff, Rachel Craik, Paolo I. Cavoretto, Stephen Rauch, Serena Gandino, Ricardo Nieto, Adele Winsey, Camilla Menis, Gabriel B. Rodriguez, Valeria Savasi, Niyazi Tug, Sonia Deantoni, Marta Fabre, Begona Martinez de Tejada, Maria Jose Rodriguez-Sibaja, Stefania Livio, Raffaele Napolitano, Nerea Maiz, Helena Sobrero, Ashley Peterson, Philippe Deruelle, Carolina Giudice, Jagjit S. Teji, Roberto A. Casale, Laurent J. Salomon, Federico Prefumo, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Michael G. Gravett, Marynea Vale, Valeria Hernandez, Loic Sentilhes, Sarah R. Easter, Carola Capelli, Emily Marler, Daniela M. Caceres, Guadalupe Albornoz Crespo, Ernawati Ernawati, Michal Lipschuetz, Ken Takahashi, Carmen Vecchiarelli, Teresa Hubka, Satoru Ikenoue, Gabriela Tavchioska, Babagana Bako, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Brenda Eskenazi, Jim G. Thornton, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Stephen H. Kennedy, Aris T. Papageorghiou
Summary: This study on COVID-19 in pregnant women shows that the infection during pregnancy is associated with increased risks for both mothers and neonates, particularly among symptomatic and unvaccinated women. Vaccination can reduce the risk of severe symptoms and complications in pregnant women.
Article
Immunology
Imtiaz Hussain, Ahmad Khan, Dale A. Rhoda, Imran Ahmed, Muhammad Umer, Uzair Ansari, Muhammad Akram Shah, Soofia Yunus, Jennifer Brustrom, Robert Oelrichs, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: The survey reports the national and provincial/regional coverage and determinants of immunization coverage for children in Pakistan. Results show that the coverage of fully vaccinated children nationally is 76.5%. The main reasons for non-vaccination include lack of faith in immunization, rumors about vaccines, and distance to the facility. Immediate and long-term actions are needed to combat vaccine-preventable diseases, such as integrated immunization campaigns, outreach activities, and behavioral interventions to improve awareness and reduce misconceptions.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Peter N. von Dadelszen, Jeffrey Bone, Akshdeep Sandhu, J. Mark N. Ansermino, Rahat Qureshi, Charfudin Sacoor, Esperanca Sevene, Jing Li, Marianne B. Vidler, Mrutyunjaya A. Bellad, Zulfiqar T. Bhutta, Dustin S. Dunsmuir, Shivaprasad A. Goudar, Ashalata Mallapur, Khatia A. Munguambe, Guy A. Dumont, Laura Magee
Summary: To inform digital health design by evaluating diagnostic test properties of antenatal blood pressure (BP) outputs and levels to identify women at risk of adverse outcomes.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Xiaoqin Wang, Omar Dewidar, Anita Rizvi, Jimmy Huang, Payaam Desai, Rebecca Doyle, Elizabeth Ghogomu, Tamara Rader, Stuart G. Nicholls, Alba Antequera, Alison Krentel, Beverley Shea, Billie-Jo Hardy, Catherine Chamberlain, Charles S. Wiysonge, Cindy Feng, Clara Juando-Prats, Daeria O. Lawson, Ekwaro A. Obuku, Elizabeth Kristjansson, Erik von Elm, Harry Wang, Holly Ellingwood, Hugh Sharma Waddington, Jacqueline Ramke, Janet Elizabeth Jull, Janet Hatcher-Roberts, Janice Tufte, Julian Little, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Laura Weeks, Loveline Lum Niba, Luis Gabriel Cuervo, Luke Wolfenden, Mwenya Kasonde, Marc T. Avey, Melissa K. Sharp, Michael Johnson Mahande, Miriam Nkangu, Olivia Magwood, Peter Craig, Peter Tugwell, Sarah Funnell, Stephen G. Noorduyn, Tamara Kredo, Tanya Horsley, Taryn Young, Tomas Pantoja, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Andrea Martel, Vivian A. Welch
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the support from existing guidance on reporting health equity in research and identify additional items. A total of 34 resources were included, which supported candidate items and contributed to new items. The existing resources aligned with the candidate items and additional items were identified for the development of a guideline. Rating: 7 out of 10.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
G. Justus Hofmeyr, Robert E. Black, Ewelina Rogozinska, Austin Heuer, Neff Walker, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, Nita Bhandari, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Annariina Koivu, Somesh Kumar, Joy E. Lawn, Stephen Munjanja, Pieta Nasanen-Gilmore, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Marleen Temmerman
Summary: The World Health Organization recommends a package of care for all pregnant women within eight scheduled antenatal care contacts. Additional effective measures are needed to reduce and manage the outcomes for small vulnerable newborns. Evidence-based antenatal and intrapartum interventions are summarized to prevent vulnerable births or improve outcomes. Implementing eight proven preventive interventions and two intrapartum interventions could prevent millions of neonatal deaths per year.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Gary L. Darmstadt, Betty Kirkwood, Shuchita Gupta, Gary L. Darmstadt, Betty Kirkwood, Shuchita Gupta, Ebunoluwa Adejuyigbe, Rajiv Bahl, Maneesh Batra, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Tasmin Bota, Nathalie Charpak, Harish Chellani, Mickey Chopra, Teesta Dey, Queen Dube, Nicholas Embleton, Viviana Fernandez, Elizabeth Franklin, Meena Gandhi, Sumita Ghosh, Lars Gronseth, Tedbabe Degefie Hailegebriel, Aya Hasegawa, Bo Jacobsson, Lily Kak, Jan Lucas Ket, Tore Laerdal, Joy E. Lawn, Silke Mader, Hema Magge, Sarmila Mazumder, Keiko Osaki, Janna Patterson, Luwei Pearson, Roberta Petrucci, Mihretab Salasibew, Abiy Seifu, Nalini Singhal, Peter Waiswa, Dilys Walker, Karen Walker, Steve Wall, Bjorn Westrup
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bernardette Cichon, Jai K. Das, Rehana A. Salam, Zahra A. Padhani, Heather C. Stobaugh, Muzna Mughal, Patrizia Pajak, Alexandra Rutishauser-Perera, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Robert E. Black
Summary: Currently, there are no WHO guidelines for the management of moderately wasted children worldwide. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the best type, quantity, and duration of dietary treatment for moderate wasting. The study found that fortified blended foods (FBFs) with improved micronutrient and/or milk content (enhanced FBFs) and lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) had similar recovery rates, while children treated with non-enhanced FBFs had lower recovery rates than those treated with LNS. There was no significant difference in recovery when ready-to-use therapeutic and ready-to-use supplementary food were compared.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nadia Amin Somani, Keiko Marshall, Hammad Durrani, Kun Tang, Roman Mogilevskii, Zulfiqar Bhutta
Summary: This study conducts a systematic review of existing frameworks to understand the roles of the for-profit private sector in non-communicable disease control and management. The findings suggest that the private sector can contribute to effectively manage and control NCDs globally through various functions, such as healthcare provision, innovation, knowledge education, investment and financing, public-private partnerships, and governance and policy.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jo-Anna B. Baxter, Yaqub Wasan, Amjad Hussain, Sajid B. Soofi, Imran Ahmed, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the burden of malnutrition and assess the underlying determinants at different levels among late adolescent and young women in rural Pakistan. The study found that poverty played a significant role in undernutrition.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Aamer Imdad, Fanny F. Chen, Melissa Francois, Momal Sana, Emily Tanner-Smith, Abigail Smith, Olivia Tsistinas, Jai K. Das, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Summary: The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of routinely administering antibiotics to infants under 6 months of age with growth failure/faltering. However, the literature search yielded no eligible studies to address this question. Future studies with sufficient sample sizes are needed to evaluate the potential risks and benefits of antibiotics in malnourished infants under 6 months of age.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jai K. Das, Rehana A. Salam, Arjumand Rizvi, Sajid B. Soofi, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: Despite the decline in under-five mortality, communicable and infectious diseases remain the main causes of child mortality that can be prevented and treated. A study was conducted in rural Pakistan to evaluate the potential impact of a participatory community engagement and innovative community incentivization strategy for improving child health interventions. The evaluation involved a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of community mobilization and incentivization, community mobilization only, and a control group.
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zahid Ali Memon, Abeer Mian, Sophie Reale, Rachael Spencer, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Hora Soltani
Summary: Unmet need for family planning is high in Pakistan due to lack of access to modern contraception and sociocultural hindrances. This study aims to explore barriers and enablers to modern contraception uptake in order to reduce maternal and child mortality and improve reproductive health outcomes.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sarah Funnell, Janet Jull, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Vivian Welch, Omar Dewidar, Xiaoqin Wang, Miranda Lesperance, Elizabeth Ghogomu, Anita Rizvi, Elie A. Akl, Marc T. Avey, Alba Antequera, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Catherine Chamberlain, Peter Craig, Luis Gabriel Cuervo, Alassane Dicko, Holly Ellingwood, Cindy Feng, Damian Francis, Regina Greer-Smith, Billie-Jo Hardy, Matire Harwood, Janet Hatcher-Roberts, Tanya Horsley, Clara Juando-Prats, Mwenya Kasonde, Michelle Kennedy, Tamara Kredo, Alison Krentel, Elizabeth Kristjansson, Laurenz Langer, Julian Little, Elizabeth Loder, Olivia Magwood, Michael Johnson Mahande, G. J. Melendez-Torres, Ainsley Moore, Loveline Lum Niba, Stuart G. Nicholls, Miriam Nguilefem Nkangu, Daeria O. Lawson, Ekwaro Obuku, Patrick Okwen, Tomas Pantoja, Jennifer Petkovic, Mark Petticrew, Kevin Pottie, Tamara Rader, Jacqueline Ramke, Alison Riddle, Larissa Shamseer, Melissa Sharp, Bev Shea, Peter Tanuseputro, Peter Tugwell, Janice Tufte, Erik Von Elm, Hugh Sharma Waddington, Harry Wang, Laura Weeks, George Wells, Howard White, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Luke Wolfenden, Taryn Young
Summary: The goal of this project is to develop a reporting guideline extension for health equity in observational studies. The project will involve assessing published studies, seeking international feedback, establishing consensus, evaluating relevance to Indigenous peoples, and widely disseminating the guidelines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Farah Asif, Faisal Sultan, Iqra Masood, Shahtaj Baig, Perihan Elif Ekmecki, Vina Vaswani, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Francis Crawley
Summary: This paper presents a systematic scoping review on research ethics committees, institutional review boards, and ethics review framework in Pakistan. The study identifies four key insights, including the lack of regulation and accreditation of these committees, the absence of formal training for committee members, pressures that hinder independent decision-making, and various issues affecting the functionality and performance of these committees.
JOURNAL OF THE PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Leila Harrison, Zahra Padhani, Rehana Salam, Christina Oh, Komal Rahim, Maria Maqsood, Anna Ali, Kimberly Charbonneau, Emily C. Keats, Zohra S. Lassi, Aamer Imdad, Aatekah Owais, Jai Das, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: This review comprehensively synthesizes new emerging evidence on topics related to complementary feeding. The lack of relevant information makes it difficult to draw conclusions on the ideal feeding schedule and food type. Studies on the effects of animal milk versus infant formula for non-breastfed infants are limited but indicate a greater risk of anemia with cow's milk. Successful interventions for improving micronutrient status and anthropometry during complementary feeding include fortified blended foods, supplementary foods, and nutrient supplements. Complementary feeding education can improve nutrition outcomes for infants in both food secure and insecure populations.