Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zihuan Shen, Mi Xiang, Chen Chen, Fan Ding, Yuling Wang, Chang Shang, Laiyun Xin, Yang Zhang, Xiangning Cui
Summary: This article reviews the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity mechanism in post-ischemic stroke damage, focusing on the pathological changes in glutamate release, reuptake, NMDAR, and cellular signaling pathways. It also discusses new treatment targets and potential neuroprotective drugs for ischemic stroke.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Patrick Cooke, Haley Janowitz, Sarah E. Dougherty
Summary: A major reason why central nervous system injuries have limited recovery of function is because adult mammalian neurons lack the ability to regenerate their axons. However, new evidence suggests that both central and peripheral neurons can revert to an embryonic-like growth state following injury, allowing for axon regeneration. This is contrary to the widely held belief that CNS axons cannot regenerate without experimental intervention. Interestingly, specific groups of neurons have been found to possess regenerative abilities in the CNS.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Barbara Calabrese, Steven Jones, Yoko Yamaguchi-Shiraishi, Michael Lingelbach, Uri Manor, Tatyana M. Svitkina, Henry N. Higgs, Andy Y. Shih, Shelley Halpain
Summary: Ischemia and excess NMDA receptor activation cause actin to reorganize, protecting neurons from death induced by cell edema.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
O. Arteaga Cabeza, Z. Zhang, E. Smith Khoury, R. A. Sheldon, A. Sharma, F. Zhang, B. S. Slusher, R. M. Kannan, S. Kannan, D. M. Ferriero
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic utility of a GCPII enzyme inhibitor in an experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia model, finding potential value in suppressing brain inflammation and reducing brain injury.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Elizabeth J. Thomason, Edna Suarez-Pozos, Fatemah S. Afshari, Paul A. Rosenberg, Jeffrey L. Dupree, Babette Fuss
Summary: GLT-1 is expressed in CNS cells other than astrocytes and plays a functional role in mechanisms downstream of glutamate uptake. This study demonstrates that GLT-1 expressed by maturing oligodendrocytes is involved in the modulation of morphological aspects associated with CNS myelination during development, particularly in the corpus callosum.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Karl Baldacchino, William J. Peveler, Leandro Lemgruber, Rebecca Sherrard Smith, Cornelia Scharler, Lorna Hayden, Lina Komarek, Susan L. Lindsay, Susan C. Barnett, Julia M. Edgar, Christopher Linington, Katja Thummler
Summary: Iron-containing haemoglobin breakdown product hemin is shown to have a cytotoxic effect on myelinated axons, resulting in targeted demyelination and axonal loss in multiple sclerosis. This effect is independent of microglial activity and does not require an inflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxon Knott, Laura B. Ngwenya, Erika A. Correll, Judy Bohnert, Noah J. Ziemba, Emily Allgire, Tracy Hopkins, Jennifer L. McGuire
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 69 million people annually worldwide, and those with pre-existing depression have worse recovery. Commonalities between TBI and depression include volume changes, myelin disruption, changes in proliferation, and changes in glutamatergic signaling. The study using the WKY rat model revealed exaggerated myelin loss and baseline deficits in proliferation after TBI, as well as differing glutamate receptor subunit changes between WKY and Wistar rats after LFPI. These findings could lead to potential therapeutic targets for individuals with pre-existing depression and poor recovery after TBI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Frederic Lanore, N. Alex Cayco-Gajic, Harsha Gurnani, Diccon Coyle, R. Angus Silver
Summary: Recordings from hundreds of cerebellar granule cell axons using two-photon calcium imaging showed that population activity is high-dimensional, with distinct behavioral states represented along orthogonal dimensions in neuronal activity space. These findings suggest that the cerebellar cortex supports high-dimensional representations and segregates behavioral state-dependent computations into orthogonal subspaces, similar to the neocortex.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Akari Nakamura, Seiichiro Sakai, Yoshitaka Taketomi, Jun Tsuyama, Yoshimi Miki, Yuichiro Hara, Nobutaka Arai, Yuki Sugiura, Hideya Kawaji, Makoto Murakami, Takashi Shichita
Summary: This study discovered that the secreted phospholipase PLA2G2E from peri-infarct neurons generates dihomo-g-linolenic acid (DGLA) to trigger brain-autonomous neural repair after ischemic brain injury. The study also identified 15-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) as the cerebral metabolite that induces PADI4 in surviving neurons in the peri-infarct area.
Review
Cell Biology
Xiu-Quan Wu, Ning Su, Zhou Fei, Fei Fei
Summary: This review summarizes the structural features, signaling pathways, and roles of Homer proteins in ischemic and traumatic insults to the central nervous system. Upregulating Homer1a or downregulating Homer1b/c may have neuroprotective effects in secondary brain injuries. Homer also plays an important role in the formation of photoreceptor synapses. These findings support the future development of therapeutic targets or gene therapies based on Homer proteins for ischemic and traumatic brain injuries and retinal disorders.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Feng Tian, Ying Zhang
Summary: Our research demonstrated that SERCA2a-mediated Ca2+ overload contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and Mfn2-mediated Ca2+ overload in the context of cardiac microvascular ischemic injury. Modifying the expression of SERCA2a and Mfn2 can alleviate mitochondrial morphological and functional damage.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Y. S. Cho, H. G. Ko, H. M. Han, S. K. Park, S. J. Moozhayil, S. Y. Choi, Y. C. Bae
Summary: The study examined the differences in types of VGLUT + axons that coexpress neuropeptides in rat and human dental pulp, suggesting potential variations in peripheral mechanisms of pulpal inflammatory pain between rats and humans.
INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Kaitlin C. Reeves, Nikhil Shah, Braulio Munoz, Brady K. Atwood
Summary: Opioids mediate their effects through opioid receptors, which regulate neurotransmission and neuronal function in the brain. The expression pattern and mechanism of opioid receptors vary across different brain regions, determining the effects of opioids on brain function.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Kexin Li, Meng Lu, Mengxu Cui, Xiaoming Wang, Yang Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the changes in NAAG, Glu, and mGluR expression, as well as the effects on synaptic plasticity in the brain after HI injury. The results showed an increase in NAAG and mGluR3 expression levels after HI, with a correlation between Glu content and mGluR1/mGluR5 expression. NAAG was found to maintain cortical synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter homeostasis. Hibernated NAAG levels after 12-24 h of HI injury were associated with mGluR3 receptor expression, thus indicating their role in preserving synaptic function.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Behzad Lotfi, Yasin Bagheri, Abdollah Abdollahpour, Elham Ahmadian, Samira Matin, Amirhossein Firouzfar, Sepideh Zununi Vahed, Fateme Khajepour
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Eprosartan, an AT-1 antagonist, on kidney I/R injury in rats. Results showed that Eprosartan significantly improved kidney function and increased antioxidant markers. Eprosartan exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating NF-kappa B and pro-inflammatory factors. It also prevented I/R-induced changes in apoptotic parameters. Additionally, Eprosartan + I/R rats showed higher levels of Sirtuin 1. In conclusion, Eprosartan has nephroprotective effects against I/R-induced kidney damage in rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as increasing Sirtuin 1 levels.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Robert Fern
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert Fern
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2017)
Article
Clinical Neurology
James J. P. Alix, Rosalind H. Kandler, Catherine Pang, Theocharis Stavroulakis, Santiago Catania
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Joshua Jackson, Gabby Bianco, Angelo O. Rosa, Katrina Cowan, Peter Bond, Oleg Anichtchik, Robert Fern
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean Doyle, Daniel Bloch Hansen, Jasmine Vella, Peter Bond, Glenn Harper, Christian Zammit, Mario Valentino, Robert Fern
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Evie Butler, Nicholas Mills, James Alix, Anthony R. Hart
Summary: This study explored the attitudes of PICU health care professionals towards the diagnosis and neurophysiological monitoring of seizures in critically ill children. The findings suggest that professionals find accurate diagnosis challenging and desire better educational opportunities and routine neurophysiological monitoring to improve confidence and outcomes.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chloe N. Schooling, Norbert Gyenge, Visakan Kadirkamanathan, James J. P. Alix
DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
James J. P. Alix, Maria Plesia, Gavin R. Lloyd, Alexander P. Dudgeon, Catherine A. Kendall, Christopher J. McDermott, Grainne S. Gorman, Robert W. Taylor, Pamela J. Shaw, John C. Day
Summary: This study investigated the potential of Raman spectroscopy in identifying mitochondrial disease, demonstrating high disease classification performance with both the fibre optic probe system and microscope. Key spectral changes associated with the disease focused on the alpha-helical configuration of proteins, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy of muscle has the potential for rapid identification of mitochondrial disease.
JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chloe N. Schooling, T. Jamie Healey, Harry E. McDonough, Sophie J. French, Christopher J. McDermott, Pamela J. Shaw, Visakan Kadirkamanathan, James J. P. Alix
Summary: Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a promising biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study investigated how to utilize the complex high dimensional, multi-frequency data output by EIM to fully characterize the progression of the disease. The results showed that tensor EIM captured and quantified disease progression and was more sensitive to changes than single frequency EIM measures and other biomarkers of bulbar disease.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
James J. P. Alix, Maria Plesia, Sarah A. Hool, Ian Coldicott, Catherine A. Kendall, Pamela J. Shaw Dbe, Richard J. Mead, John C. Day
Summary: Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effects of voluntary running in mdx mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and compare muscle spectra with human DMD samples. The results showed that exercised mice had significantly increased muscle necrosis and distinct Raman spectra compared to unexercised mice, correlating with the distance run.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. E. Paterson, N. Hagis, D. Boufidis, Q. Wang, S. R. Moore, A. C. da Silva, R. L. Mitchell, J. J. P. Alix, I. R. Minev
Summary: The development of inexpensive and disposable personalized health wearables can revolutionize clinical trial design and care. Researchers have developed a simple strategy inspired by henna tattoo art to directly write bioelectronic sensors on textiles. These sensors can be printed on stretchable textiles, such as gloves, to monitor hand function.
FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
James J. P. Alix, Maria Plesia, Chloe N. Schooling, Alexander P. Dudgeon, Catherine A. Kendall, Visakan Kadirkamanathan, Christopher J. McDermott, Grainne S. Gorman, Robert W. Taylor, Richard J. Mead, Pamela J. Shaw, John C. Day
Summary: Raman spectroscopy shows promise as a biomarker for neuromuscular diseases. Challenges include sensitivity to instrument configurations, translation across tissues, and development of analytics for disease identification. Nonnegative matrix factorisation (NMF) was used to analyse Raman spectra from different clinical and preclinical settings, accurately identifying disease states. NMF decomposition enhances the potential of Raman spectroscopy for studying fatal neuromuscular diseases.
JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
James J. P. Alix, Maria Plesia, Pamela J. Shaw, Richard J. Mead, John C. C. Day
Summary: Optical EMG, combining EMG and Raman spectroscopy, can provide both electrophysiological and molecular data during a single needle insertion, offering potential diagnostic information for neuromuscular diseases. The experimental results demonstrate that optical EMG can detect specific muscle activation and identify molecular composition differences in diseased muscle through Raman spectra.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
James J. P. Alix, Nick S. Verber, Chloe N. Schooling, Visakan Kadirkamanathan, Martin R. Turner, Andrea Malaspina, John C. C. Day, Pamela J. Shaw
Summary: This study describes a fiber optic fluid cell for conducting Raman spectroscopy studies on human biofluids, and analyzes the Raman spectra using bounded simplex-structured matrix factorization (BSSMF). The biomarkers associated with ALS are found to be correlated with baseline Raman modes, and significant spectral changes are observed over time, which are related to protein structure. Compared to established ALS biomarkers, using BSSMF Raman can reduce the required sample size.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
James J. P. Alix, Maria Plesia, Gavin R. Lloyd, Alexander P. Dudgeon, Catherine A. Kendall, Channa Hewamadduma, Marios Hadjivassiliou, Christopher J. McDermott, Grainne S. Gorman, Robert W. Taylor, Pamela J. Shaw, John C. C. Day
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using fibre optic Raman spectroscopy for rapid identification of muscle disorders. The results showed that Raman spectroscopy could accurately classify different types of myopathies, providing real-time diagnostic information.