Article
Immunology
Janell Wright, Laura Tison, Helen Chun, Cristine Gutierrez, Mariangeli Freitas Ning, Rosa Elena Morales, Beatriz Lopez, James Simpungwe, Kenneth Masamaro, Nazira Usmanova, Gram Mutandi, Sudhir Bunga, Simon Agolory
Summary: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented the ECHO project to connect healthcare workers and specialists, enhancing their capacity to respond to HIV and COVID-19 epidemics, and disseminating up-to-date clinical information.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Yiyeon Kim
Summary: This study examines the impact of PEPFAR's policies on the HIV/AIDS issue in two focus countries and two non-focus countries, finding that PEPFAR tends to adjust its strategies based on the recipient country's epidemiology and spends less in non-focus countries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Pragna Patel, Kimi Sato, Neeta Bhandari, Udhayashankar Kanagasabai, Erin Schelar, Caroline Cooney, Robyn Eakle, Sara Klucking, Nora Toiv, Janet Saul
Summary: The uptake of PrEP among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) has increased since 2016, but challenges remain. Tools to improve adherence and national policies to facilitate greater uptake among adolescents are needed. The demand for PrEP in DREAMS countries is significant and achieving it will contribute to HIV epidemic control.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jindong Qin, Xiaoyu Ma
Summary: This paper proposes an emergency decision-making method based on prospect theory and the extended MULTIMOORA method to evaluate emergency response plans in a group. Individuals can express their preferences using given linguistic terms. A convergent iterative algorithm is designed to resolve conflicts within the group. The stochastic multi-criteria acceptability analysis and Borda Count methods are used to combine the results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study.
APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nickolas T. Agathis, Iyiola Faturiyele, Patricia Agaba, Kiva A. Fisher, Stephanie Hackett, Elfriede Agyemang, Neha Mehta, Gurpreet Kindra, Diane F. Morof, Immaculate Mutisya, Lennah Nyabiage, Katherine A. Battey, Ezeomu Olotu, Talent Maphosa, Catherine Motswere-Chirwa, Akeem Ketlogetswe, Jessica Mafa-Setswalo, Sikhathele Mazibuko, Maria Ines Tomo de Deus, Herminio G. Nhaguiombe, Edward M. Machage, Bridget Mugisa, Dolapo Ogundehin, Carolyn Mbelwa, Estella Birabwa, Monica Etima, Yakubu Adamu, Ismail Lawal, Jonah Maswai, Dorothy Njeru, Janet Mwambona, Boniface Nguhuni, Rosemary Mrina, Susan Hrapcak, George K. Siberry, Catherine Godfrey, Hilary T. Wolf
Summary: Globally, children under the age of 5, particularly those living with HIV without receiving ART, have a disproportionately high mortality rate. This report compares mortality and clinical measures among different age groups of HIV-positive individuals receiving ART, with a focus on infants and children. The study found that the mortality rates among infants and children under the age of 5 were significantly higher compared to older individuals receiving ART. Additionally, the study highlights the challenges faced by HIV-positive children under the age of 5, such as treatment interruptions and lower rates of viral load testing and suppression. Prioritizing and optimizing HIV and general health services for this age group is crucial in improving their outcomes.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Xiaojie Zhao, Lu-an Dong, Xin Ye, Lei Zhang
Summary: Implementing suitable emergency plans is important for reducing damage and risk caused by emergencies. Evaluating the effectiveness of these plans can be complex, but using the rule-base inference methodology using evidential reasoning (RIMER) can provide a competitive evaluation tool that relies on less subjective information.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elizabeth H. Lee, Kavitha Ganesan, Samoel A. Khamadi, Stanley C. Meribe, Dorothy Njeru, Yakubu Adamu, Fred Magala, Trevor A. Crowell, Eniko Akom, Patricia Agaba, Priyanka Desai, Tiffany Hamm, Deydre Teyhen, Julie A. Ake, Christina S. Polyak, Douglas Shaffer, Fredrick Sawe, Patrick W. Hickey
Summary: WRAIR, funded by PEPFAR, provides HIV treatment in several African countries, collaborating with the Department of Defense to enhance global health outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Helen M. Chun, Emilio Dirlikov, Mackenzie Hurlston Cox, Michelle Williams Sherlock, Yaa Obeng-Aduasare, Kimi Sato, Andrew C. Voetsch, Abraham D. Ater, Erin Rottinghaus Romano, Hank Tomlinson, Surbhi Modi, Angeli Achrekar, John Nkengasong
Summary: The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide since 2004, effectively reducing morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals and preventing transmission. The program has achieved significant impact, with a substantial increase in the number of individuals receiving ART and improvements in viral load coverage and suppression rates.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Hailay Gesesew, Paul Ward
Summary: This study protocol aims to summarize the available evidence on the impact of armed conflict on HIV treatment outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review of all quantitative studies will be conducted and the methodological validity of the included studies will be assessed. The data analysis will be done through narrative synthesis and meta-analyses.
Article
Management
Joline Uichanco
Summary: The study focused on the problem faced by the Philippine Department of Social Welfare in prepositioning relief items before the landfall of an oncoming typhoon with an uncertain trajectory and wind speed. By collaborating with DSWD, a practically relevant stochastic prepositioning model was developed, which prioritizes regions with high demand and prepositions relief items in all affected regions proportional to their total demand. This research contributes to bridging the gap between theory and practice in relief inventory management and highlights the importance of collaboration with government and nongovernment agencies in developing effective relief distribution models.
M&SOM-MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew Katende, Lydia Nakiyingi, Irene Andia-Biraro, Thomas Katairo, Richard Muhumuza, Andrew S. Ssemata, Christopher Nsereko, Fred C. Semitala, David B. Meya
Summary: This study investigated the proportion of hospitalized patients in Uganda who initiated ART during hospitalization and identified potential barriers. The results showed that only half of newly diagnosed HIV patients in the high prevalence setting were initiated on ART during hospitalization. Inadequate patient preparation and advanced HIV disease were identified as barriers to rapid ART initiation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Soka J. Moses, Ian Wachekwa, Collin Van Ryn, Greg Grandits, Alice Pau, Moses Badio, Stephen B. Kennedy, Michael C. Sneller, Elizabeth S. Higgs, H. Clifford Lane, Mosoka Fallah, Stephen A. Migueles, Cavan Reilly
Summary: Two cohorts in Liberia showed higher HIV prevalence and incidence rates compared to national estimates in 2018, highlighting the need for further research to address knowledge gaps and improve care for HIV-positive individuals in the country.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Encarnacion Lopez-Gimeno, Gemma Falguera-Puig, M. Mercedes Vicente-Hernandez, Meritxell Angelet, Griselda Vazquez Garreta, Gloria Seguranyes
Summary: In this study conducted in five hospitals in Spain, it was found that 51.2% of pregnant women presented a birth plan (BP) while almost half of mothers failed to do so, mainly because midwives did not request it. Mothers who presented a BP were more likely to start breastfeeding in the birthing room and attempted to use non-pharmacological pain relief methods more often compared to those who did not present a BP.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Oluwafemi O. Balogun, Oluwatosin W. Akande, Davidson H. Hamer
Summary: Lassa fever is endemic in parts of West Africa and remains a global threat. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the disease's background, factors contributing to its emergence and spread, preventive measures, and potential solutions, serving as a valuable resource for various stakeholders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jesse Ross, Rubeshan Perumal, Allison Wolf, Mbali Zulu, Kevin Guzman, Boitumelo Seepamore, Karl Reis, Hlengiwe Nyilana, Senzo Hlathi, Radhamoney Narasimmulu, Ying Kuen K. Cheung, K. Rivet Amico, Gerald Friedland, Amrita Daftary, Jennifer R. Zelnick, Kogieleum Naidoo, Max R. O'Donnell
Summary: This study aims to compare the effects of different adherence support strategies on MDR-TB and HIV treatment outcomes. The trial will be conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, on adults with MDR-TB and HIV initiating bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens. The trial arms include enhanced standard of care, psychosocial support, mHealth using cellular-enabled electronic dose monitoring, and combined mHealth and psychosocial support.