Review
Oncology
Shinji Tsukamoto, Andreas F. Mavrogenis, Akira Kido, Costantino Errani
Summary: This review summarizes treatment approaches for non-malignant and malignant giant cell tumors of bone, including recommendations on preoperative denosumab administration, surgical resection, and local recurrence.
Article
Oncology
Shinji Tsukamoto, Alberto Righi, Andreas F. Mavrogenis, Manabu Akahane, Kanya Honoki, Yasuhito Tanaka, Davide Maria Donati, Costantino Errani
Summary: In cases of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), an intermediate malignant bone tumor, approximately 4% experience malignant transformation. Local recurrence is an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable malignant transformation, with late local recurrence of GCTB being associated with a higher risk of malignant transformation.
Article
Orthopedics
Anne Barnaba, Manon Colas, Frederique Larousserie, Antoine Babinet, Philippe Anract, David Biau
Summary: Recurrence is the main cause of surgical revision in giant cell tumor of bone, but other complications, such as mechanical issues or infection, are often underestimated.
ORTHOPAEDICS & TRAUMATOLOGY-SURGERY & RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Raul Perret, Zaki Malaka, Valerie Velasco, Francisco Llamas-Gutierrez, Mickael Ropars, Pierre-Antoine Linck, Isabelle Hostein, Rihab Azmani, Isabelle Valo, Louise Galmiche, Anne Moreau, Gonzague de Pinieux, Audrey Michot, Dorian Bochaton, Jean-Michel Coindre, Francois Le Loarer
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated 6 cases of giant cell tumors with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion and explored their relationship with other giant cell-rich tumors. The tumors had a high rate of local recurrence but no distant metastasis or disease-related death. The study further supports the inclusion of GCT with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion as an independent entity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiromichi Oshiro, Yasunori Tome, Yuichi Tsuha, Yusuke Aoki, Kohei Mizuta, Kotaro Nishida
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the surgical outcome and complications of packing with alpha-TCP followed by curettage and phenol-ethanol ablation in 16 patients with GCTB. The results showed that this treatment method can effectively suppress the risk of secondary osteoarthritis and has good oncological outcomes.
Review
Oncology
Shinji Miwa, Norio Yamamoto, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Akihiko Takeuchi, Kentaro Igarashi, Yuta Taniguchi, Sei Morinaga, Yohei Asano, Takayuki Nojima, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Summary: This case report presents a patient with pulmonary metastases of giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB), which resemble malignancies. After two surgeries for GCTB of the right proximal radius, multiple lung nodules were found three years later, indicating metastasis. Biopsy confirmed the presence of spindle cells and multinuclear giant cells without malignant changes. Denosumab treatment resulted in significant shrinkage of the lesions and improvement of symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Tadashi Iwai, Naoto Oebisu, Manabu Hoshi, Naoki Takada, Hiroaki Nakamura
Summary: Giant cell tumor of soft tissue (GCT-ST) is a rare tumor with a tendency to metastasize and recur. This report presents a case of a 78-year-old patient who received pazopanib treatment and achieved positive outcomes.
Review
Oncology
Anna Parmeggiani, Marco Miceli, Costantino Errani, Giancarlo Facchini
Summary: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is classified as an intermediate malignant tumor due to its locally aggressive behavior and high local recurrence rate. Imaging plays a crucial role in the assessment of GCTB for surgical planning, patients' prognosis prediction, and post-treatment evaluation. Mutation of gene H3F3A is fundamental to GCTB etiopathogenesis, with new biomarkers identified for early diagnosis and potential tumor recurrence prediction. Radiomics has shown promise in aiding GCTB pre-operative diagnosis and assessing response to denosumab treatment.
Article
Oncology
Thanate Poosiripinyo, Sermsak Sukpanichyingyong, Krits Salang, Wiriya Mahikul, Thanapon Chobpenthai
Summary: Age, pathological fracture, local recurrence, and mode of treatment are factors associated with an increased risk of pulmonary metastasis. Retrospective analysis of 50 patients with giant cell tumor of bone revealed that local recurrence and pathological fracture were independent risk factors for the development of metastasis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meng Xu, Haidong Zha, Jiamao Chen, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee, Qi Wang, Ruibing Wang, Ying Zheng
Summary: A novel photothermal reagent was developed for efficient tumor thermal ablation. Co-loaded with nitric oxide, this reagent anchored to cancer cells through supramolecular assembly, effectively inhibiting distant tumors and lung metastases after only one treatment, while enhancing immune responses.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Charalampos Pitsilos, Panagiotis Givissis, Pericles Papadopoulos, Byron Chalidis
Summary: This systematic review examined the treatment modalities for recurrent GCTB and their impact on second recurrence rate and function. The combination of intralesional curettage and cavity filling with polymethylmethacrylate cement was found to yield the best results. The study concluded that en-bloc resection (EBR) followed by reconstruction and intralesional curettage (IC) with polymethylmethacrylate cement (PMMAc) were the best treatment options for recurrent GCTB.
Review
Oncology
Yongzhao Zhao, Zhenyu Cai, Xiaodong Tang, Zhiye Du, Yi Yang, Wei Guo
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that preoperative denosumab may increase the risk of local recurrence in patients with GCTB treated with curettage. Caution should be taken when using denosumab in the management of GCTB.
Article
Oncology
Min Wook Joo, Yong-Suk Lee, Hong Sik Park, Yang-Guk Chung, Chiyoung Yoon
Summary: In this study, we reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 12 MGCT patients and found that the median latency to malignant transformation was 63 months, with five-year overall recurrence and metastasis-free survival rates of 61.9%, 66.7%, and 58.3%, respectively. Initial metastasis and benign local recurrence of GCTB were both negative prognostic factors.
Article
Oncology
Shinji Tsukamoto, Hisaki Aiba, Alberto Righi, Yuji Nitta, Matteo Traversari, Andreas F. Mavrogenis, Kanya Honoki, Yasuhito Tanaka, Davide Maria Donati, Costantino Errani
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is associated with a higher risk of local recurrence after curettage in patients with giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of fluid-fluid levels (FFLs) detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for secondary ABC. The results showed that secondary ABC does not increase the risk of local recurrence after curettage in patients with GCTB. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FFLs detected on preoperative MRI for diagnosing secondary ABC were 36.8%, 90.5%, 53.8%, and 82.6%, respectively.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marie-Therese Haider, Nicole Ridlmaier, Daniel J. Smit, Hanna Taipaleenmaeki
Summary: Breast cancer bone metastasis is a significant factor affecting survival and treatment outcome of breast cancer patients, requiring further research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ashish Gulia, Vineet Kurisunkal, Ajay Puri, Prakash Nayak, Bharat Rekhi
Summary: Clear cell chondrosarcoma is a rare subtype of chondrosarcoma, mainly affecting males with an average symptom duration of around 6 months. It commonly occurs in long bones.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Manit K. Gundavda, Manish G. Agarwal, Natasha Singh, Rajat Gupta, Rajeev Reddy, Ashik Bary
Summary: The study found that the SUVmax value from an 18F-FDG PET/CT is significantly correlated with the grade of chondrosarcoma. By setting an appropriate SUVmax cutoff value, different grades of chondroid neoplasms can be accurately differentiated. The use of SUVmax can guide clinicians by providing valuable histologic grade-dependent management in chondrosarcoma.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Dhiraj Premchandani, Mansimrat Paul Singh, Naveen Verma, Manish Agarwal, Deepraj Bhandarkar
Summary: This case reports a rare occurrence of schwannoma in the psoas muscle, highlighting the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive treatment.
JOURNAL OF MINIMAL ACCESS SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Laveniya Satgunaseelan, Dario Strbenac, Cali Willet, Tracy Chew, Rosemarie Sadsad, James Wykes, Tsu-Hui Hubert Low, Wendy A. Cooper, C. Soon Lee, Carsten E. Palme, Jean Y. H. Yang, Jonathan R. Clark, Ruta Gupta
Summary: The prevalence of whole genome duplication (WGD) is high in young patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and it is associated with adverse pathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. TP53 mutations also occur before WGD.
GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Amarinder Singh Thind, Bruce Ashford, Dario Strbenac, Jenny Mitchell, Jenny Lee, Simon A. A. Mueller, Elahe Minaei, Jay R. R. Perry, Sydney Ch'ng, N. Gopalakrishna Iyer, Jonathan R. R. Clark, Ruta Gupta, Marie Ranson
Summary: Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has a complex genomic landscape. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genomic components of metastatic CSCC and identifies potential non-coding biomarkers and novel driver genes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Angela L. Ferguson, Ashleigh R. Sharman, Ruth O. Allen, Thomas Ye, Jenny H. Lee, Tsu-Hui H. Low, Sydney Ch'ng, Carsten E. Palme, Bruce Ashford, Marie Ranson, Jonathan R. Clark, Ellis Patrick, Ruta Gupta, Umaimainthan Palendira
Summary: The tumor immune microenvironment plays a significant role in the clinical outcomes of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (HNcSCC). This study compared the immune milieu of high-risk HNcSCC that did not progress to metastasis with those that did, using multiparameter imaging mass cytometry. The findings suggest that effective immune responses from CD8 and CD4 T cells are crucial for controlling primary HNcSCC, and early events that shape the immune responses in primary tumors dictate disease progression and outcomes in HNcSCC.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Amit Janu, Anurima Patra, Mahesh Kumar, Ashish Gulia, Suyash Kulkarni, Nitin Sudhakar Shetty, Ajay Puri, Prakash Nayak, Manish Pruthi
Summary: Primary bone sarcomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all diagnosed cancers annually. Traditional radiography, while still important, is now complemented by multimodal imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET-CT/MRI. Radiologists play a vital role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of bone tumors. This article aims to review imaging recommendations for better outcomes.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND PAEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Michael Zhang, Daniel Phung, Ruta Gupta, James Wykes, Raymond Wu, Jenny Lee, Michael Elliott, Carsten E. Palme, Jonathan Clark, Tsu-Hui (Hubert) Low
Summary: This case series highlights the challenges in diagnosing perineural spread (PNS) of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC), which often leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing red flags such as progressive facial nerve palsy or persistent sensory symptoms is crucial for early detection. Gadolinium-enhanced MR Neurography should be promptly obtained in patients with suspicious symptoms, with referral to a Head and Neck Surgeon if necessary.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Ruta Gupta, Dario Strbenac, Laveniya Satgunaseelan, Veronica Ka-Yan Cheung, Harini Narayanappa, Bruce Ashford, Jenny Mitchell, Amarinder Thind, Carsten E. Palme, Sydney Ch'ng, Tsu-Hui (Hubert) Low, James Wykes, Cali E. Willet, Tracy Chew, Jean Yang, Marie Ranson, Jonathan R. Clark
Summary: Squamous cell carcinoma is a common malignancy in the head and neck region, and accurately distinguishing between oral and cutaneous cases is important for treatment decisions. In this study, the genomic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) were compared, revealing distinct characteristics and potential biomarkers for diagnosis.
Editorial Material
Pathology
Ruta Gupta, Christina I. Selinger, Bruce Ashford, Margaret S. T. Chua, Jonathan R. Clark, Diona L. Damian, Louise A. Jackett, Craig James, Stuart Johnson, Rahul Ladwa, Duncan Lambie, Catriona Mckenzie, Swee T. Tan, Richard A. Scolyer
Summary: Non-melanocytic skin cancers (NMSCs) have a higher incidence rate and cost compared to other cancers. Lack of standardized pathology reporting protocols can result in suboptimal patient management. The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia has developed an NMSC pathology reporting protocol, which was trialled and implemented in multiple centers. Further considerations should be given to expanding the protocol to include all relevant specimens.
Review
Dermatology
Catherine Zilberg, James Guy Lyons, Ruta Gupta, Diona Lee Damian
Summary: The immune system is crucial in the development and suppression of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary cause of BCC, especially in lighter skin types. UVR plays a role in creating an immunosuppressive environment and promoting cancer progression. BCC is more common in immunosuppressed patients and may undergo immune-mediated regression. Analysis of BCCs consistently shows the presence of immune infiltrates and associated proteins.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Dermatology
Catherine Zilberg, James Guy Lyons, Ruta Gupta, Angela Ferguson, Diona Lee Damian
Summary: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common malignancy in immune-suppressed organ transplant recipients (OTRs), and is highly immunogenic. The tumor immune microenvironment in cSCC from OTRs is altered, providing a favorable environment for tumor growth and survival. Understanding this microenvironment is important for prognosis and treatment decisions.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Daniel Phung, Navid Ahmadi, Ruta Gupta, Jonathan R. Clark, James Wykes, Sydney Ch'ng, Michael S. Elliott, Carsten E. Palme, Kerwin Shannon, Raymond Wu, Jenny H. Lee, Tsu-Hui (Hubert) Low
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the treatment experience and survival outcomes of patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and perineural spread. The results showed that surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy can improve the survival rate of patients, and surgical treatment with involved margins had similar outcomes to definitive radiotherapy.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Timothy Fielder, Francesca Watts, Christopher Howden, Ruta Gupta, Catriona McKenzie
Summary: There is a global decline in the number of medical students choosing pathology careers, leading to an increasing gap between demand and supply. Lack of exposure to pathology and misconceptions about the role of pathologists are identified as factors influencing the low popularity of pathology as a career. Active interventions, such as increasing student exposure to pathology and promoting research opportunities and work-life balance, are needed to address the impending workforce shortage.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pathology
K. R. Hulme, A. Mahar, R. G. Campbell, R. Clifton-Bligh, A. J. Gill, C. E. Palme, R. Gupta
Summary: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (PMT) is a rare tumour associated with tumor-induced osteomalacia. We report three cases of PMT involving the head and neck, highlighting the diverse clinical and histologic features. One of the lesions showed a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements, posing a diagnostic challenge.
HEAD & NECK PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Georgi Galev, Richard A. Prayson
ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Pathology
Jianmin Zhu, Xiuming Miao, Xin Li, Yang Zhang, Yuan Lou, Hanhan Chen, Xiaofei Liu
Summary: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and benign chronic breast disease that can be mistaken for early-onset breast cancer. This report describes three cases in which GLM coexisted with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), highlighting how GLM may obscure the presence of concurrent DCIS based on clinical imaging and manifestations.
ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Pathology
Richard B. Mertens, Elias P. Makhoul, Xiaomo Li, Farnaz Dadmanesh
Summary: This study compared the expression of TROP2 in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and found that a majority of carcinomas in each subtype showed intermediate to high levels of TROP2 expression with a wide range of expression. These observations support further investigation of the efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan in all molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma. The wide range of TROP2 expression suggests its potential utility as a biomarker for predicting responsiveness to sacituzumab govitecan. Immunohistochemical staining for TROP2 is critical for identifying patients who are completely negative for TROP2 and may be least likely or unlikely to respond to this agent.
ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Pathology
Yulong He, Lei Zhao, Xiaorong Tang, Qinling Jiang, Xianling Zhao, Yilin Cao
Summary: This study explores the correlation between the expression of immunohistochemical markers and clinicopathological characteristics of pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC), and its impact on clinical outcomes. The results suggest that positive expression of certain markers is associated with reduced survival in HGNEC patients, and tumor stage is an important predictive factor for prognosis.
ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
(2024)
