Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Trevor Poitras, Douglas W. Zochodne
Summary: Common mechanisms of peripheral axon regeneration are recruited following diverse forms of damage to peripheral nerve axons. Supporting peripheral axon regrowth could be achieved through direct axon support or manipulation of the inflammatory milieu. Understanding the molecular barriers to regrowth and exploiting the downstream signaling pathways that impact neuron growth are promising approaches for promoting adult peripheral axon regeneration. This review emphasizes intrinsic aspects of adult peripheral axon regeneration and highlights several molecular barriers to regrowth.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
P. Komirishetty, K. Zubkow, A. Areti, H. Ong, D. W. Zochodne
Summary: The study found that local delivery of Rb1 siRNA can promote nerve regeneration at the outset, enhancing reinnervation of epidermal axons. Combining intrinsic Rb1 knockdown with exogenous insulin can significantly improve growth patterns of adult sensory neurons in vitro and enhance regeneration outcomes in vivo. Overall, the findings highlight the responsiveness of regrowing peripheral neurons to both intrinsic and exogenous approaches that improve their recovery, as well as a novel local approach to manipulate gene expression and outcome in regrowing axons.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arthur W. English, Ken Berglund, Dario Carrasco, Katharina Goebel, Robert E. Gross, Robin Isaacson, Olivia C. Mistretta, Carly Wynans
Summary: Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is challenging due to slow and incomplete axon regeneration. Bioluminescent optogenetics, utilizing fusion proteins of luciferase and light-sensing ion channels, shows promise in enhancing axon regeneration by increasing neuronal excitability. Experimental studies in transgenic mice and viral vector-transduced mice demonstrate enhanced motor axon regeneration and successful muscle reinnervation after treatment with bioluminescent optogenetics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Ecanow, Ken Berglund, Dario Carrasco, Robin Isaacson, Arthur W. English
Summary: The use of BL-OG as a treatment for peripheral nerve injuries shows significant potential in enhancing axon regeneration and promoting functional recovery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lei Zhang, Dingyu Hao, Pengyi Ma, Boyuan Ma, Jia Qin, Guangyuan Tian, Zihao Liu, Xianhu Zhou
Summary: This study revealed significant alterations in m6A methylation pattern in peripheral nervous injury (PNI), with changes in genes related to immune system process, cell activation, and nervous system development. The m6A-modified genes were also found to be involved in regulating cell cycle, B cell receptor signaling pathway, axon guidance pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. Additionally, upregulation of autophagy-related gene (Atg7) m6A methylation and protein expression levels were observed, suggesting a potential role of m6A modification in promoting functional recovery after PNI.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yaxian Wang, Fuchao Zhang, Yunsong Zhang, Qi Shan, Wei Liu, Fengyuan Zhang, Feiyu Zhang, Sheng Yi
Summary: Research findings indicate that Btc plays essential roles in regulating Schwann cell migration and axon elongation, suggesting the potential application of Btc as a regenerative strategy for treating peripheral nerve injury.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yunsong Zhang, Qian Zhao, Qianqian Chen, Lingchi Xu, Sheng Yi
Summary: Transcription factors play important roles in nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, including regulating axon elongation and Schwann cell phenotype modulation. Understanding these transcription factors can help promote functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Grazia Maugeri, Velia D'Agata, Bruno Trovato, Federico Roggio, Alessandro Castorina, Michele Vecchio, Michelino Di Rosa, Giuseppe Musumeci
Summary: Peripheral nerve injury can lead to sensory and motor deficits, lifelong disability, and significant socioeconomic costs globally. Exercise promotes physical and psychological well-being and has potential benefits for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Article
Neurosciences
Chunyi Jiang, Yan Lu, Ran Zhu, Ying Zong, Yuchen Huang, Dong Wang, Zhanyun Da, Bin Yu, Longxiang Shen, Qianqian Cao
Summary: Key metabolic enzymes regulate glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism for cellular energy needs and also play a role in nonmetabolic signaling pathways. The role of glycometabolism in peripheral nerve axon regeneration is not well understood. This study found that the up-regulation of Pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit (Pdhb), a key enzyme, at the early stage of peripheral nerve injury promotes axon regeneration. Pdhb relies on lactate for energy supply and affects gene expression through histone acetylation, thereby enhancing axon regeneration.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Supriya S. Wariyar, Alden D. Brown, Tina Tian, Tana S. Pottorf, Patricia J. Ward
Summary: This study investigates the impact of using fibrin glue in nerve repair on exercise-induced nerve regeneration. Results show that nerves repaired with fibrin glue exhibit more vasculature in the tissue bridge and have more robust axon regeneration after exercise compared to nerves without fibrin glue repair. When angiogenesis in the tissue bridge is prevented, exercise is unable to enhance regeneration, indicating the importance of a vascularized bridge. The combination of fibrin glue repair and exercise significantly improves vascular growth, axon elongation, neuromuscular junction reinnervation, and functional recovery.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hong-Jun Cao, Li Huang, Meng-Ru Zheng, Tao Zhang, Ling-Chi Xu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the expression of circular RNAs in rat DRGs following injuries to the central and peripheral axon branches and identifies a total of 33 differentially expressed circular RNAs after central branch injury and 55 differentially expressed circular RNAs after peripheral branch injury. The functional enrichment analysis of host genes of differentially expressed circular RNAs reveals the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway after both central and peripheral axon injuries.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lingtai Yu, Mengfan Liu, Fuxiang Li, Qianghua Wang, Meizhi Wang, Kwok-Fai So, Yibo Qu, Libing Zhou
Summary: Celsr2 knockout improves the survival and axon regeneration of injured motoneurons by alleviating inhibitory synaptic stripping.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Qing Min, David B. Parkinson, Xin-Peng Dun
Summary: Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to promote repair of various tissues, including nerve gaps, skin wounds, digit tips, and tooth regeneration. They are highly motile, secrete signaling molecules, attract macrophages, support neuronal survival, promote axonal regrowth, and interact with other cell types in the regeneration process. The migration of Schwann cells is essential for successful tissue repair, especially in cases of peripheral nerve transection injuries where the cells form cords to guide axon regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Schwann cell migration may lead to new therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve repair.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Polina Klimovich, Kseniya Rubina, Veronika Sysoeva, Ekaterina Semina
Summary: Recent advances in studying molecular and cellular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration have shown the nervous system's ability to repair itself. However, serious injuries pose a challenge, calling for new treatment strategies. Understanding the basic mechanisms of nerve regeneration and the role of exosomes can lead to the development of new clinical strategies for full regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Long Chen, Xiongbo Song, Zhicheng Yao, Conglai Zhou, Junjun Yang, Qiming Yang, Junrong Chen, Jiarui Wu, Zeyu Sun, Liling Gu, Yi Ma, Shin-Jae Lee, Chi Zhang, Hai-Quan Mao, Li Sun
Summary: An engineered composite membrane, Gel nanofiber-dAM, consisting of gelatin nanofiber membrane and decellularized amniotic membrane, showed improved mechanical properties and biocompatibility, promoting axon regeneration and reducing fibrotic response in peripheral nerve injury repair. It exhibits great potential for clinical translation in surgical treatment of PNI as a fully natural materials-derived off-the-shelf matrix.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Rongyan Sun, Yubo Zhou, Jiao Liang, Lihong Yang, Zhengjun Fan, Huali Wang
Summary: This study found that knockdown of MDM2 can attenuate vascular endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, which may be achieved through inhibiting the activation of Notch1 and NLRP3 inflammasome.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
E. M. Fernandez-Rubio, R. J. Radlanski
Summary: This study investigates the development of the primary and secondary temporomandibular joints in humans, focusing on their coexistence and subsequent separation. The findings reveal that both joints develop simultaneously and remain connected for over 6 weeks before separating at around the 18th to 24th week. Understanding the precise timing and functional movements involved in the development of these joints is crucial for comprehending the overall development of the temporomandibular joint.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Nawwaf Sebastian Damen, Sorin Hostiuc, Adelina Maria Jianu, Bogdan Adrian Manta, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Mihai Adrian Dobra
Summary: This study documented the anatomical variations of the left renal vein (LRV) through a retrospective analysis of 375 computed tomography angiograms. Five different anatomical types of LRV were identified, and a new anatomical classification system for the retroaortic LRV (RLRV) was proposed.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Harald Knof, Markus Berndt, Thomas Shiozawa
Summary: This study investigated the impact of online learning conditions on the oral exam performance of medical students. The results showed that students who used collaborative learning strategies were able to assess their abilities more realistically. However, the learning strategies did not have an impact on exam results.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Felix Margenfeld, Adib Zendehdel, Giorgio Tamborrini, Magdalena Mueller-Gerbl
Summary: This study is the first scoping review to screen ultrasound studies on human cadaver joints and revealed a heterogeneous field. It is recommended to use a uniform method for conducting and presenting ultrasound examinations in future studies.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Rafael Heiss, Svenja A. Hoeger, Michael Uder, Thilo Hotfiel, Jannis Hanspach, Frederik B. Laun, Armin M. Nagel, Frank W. Roemer
Summary: This study utilized 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess morphological and functional changes in skeletal muscle during exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The results showed significant alterations in T2 signal intensity and T2 values immediately after exercise and 60 hours later. These findings suggest the potential use of ultra-high field MRI in sports medicine to monitor microstructural muscle damage and guide appropriate therapeutic strategies.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Lukasz Olewnik, Nicol Zielinska, Kacper Ruzik, Michal Podgorski, Przemyslaw Kicinski, Rui Diogo, Friedrich Paulsen
Summary: This study provides the first comprehensive classification of the fibularis brevis tendon based on its insertion in human fetuses and evaluates the prevalence of fibularis digiti quinti.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Denise Bonente, Virginia Barone, Vitaliano Francesco Muzii, Sara Ottolenghi, Miriam Durante, Sandra Bracco, Claudio Nicoletti, Eugenio Bertelli
Summary: This study characterizes the morphology and topography of the spina musculi recti lateralis (SMRL) and compares it to known bony landmarks. The results show that the SMRL is a process of the sphenoidal orbital plate and serves as a reliable landmark for the insertion of the tendinous ring and lateral rectus. This is an important variation for orbital surgeons to be aware of.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Fatih Cicek, Selim Cinaroglu, Faruk Gazi Ceranoglu, Erkut Kucuk, Kursad Ramazan Zor
Summary: This study revealed the nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle for BoNT treatment of blepharospasm using Sihler's staining technique. It identified precise crossing points of these nerves, which can be targeted for BoNT administration, leading to more efficient outcomes and reduced expenses.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)