Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tomasz Szmatola, Artur Gurgul, Igor Jasielczuk, Ewa Oclon, Katarzyna Ropka-Molik, Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Grazyna Polak, Iwona Tomczyk-Wrona, Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
Summary: This study examined the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in six different horse breeds, and found differences in the length, quantity, and frequency of ROH between breeds. The study also identified ROH islands, which may represent signals of recent selection events, and found several genes involved in important horse breed characteristics. The results can be used for further research in identifying markers unique to specific horse breed characteristics.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Maryam Nosrati, Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei, Arash Javanmard, Ali Esmailizadeh
Summary: The study revealed patterns, distributions, and levels of ROHs in the sheep genome, with most ROHs being small and the level of genomic inbreeding relatively low. The inbreeding coefficients based on ROH increased with distance from Southwest Asia, with maximum values detected in North European breeds. Multiple ROH hotspots were identified across 25 different autosomes, with most detected genes related to growth, body weight, meat production, wool production, and pigmentation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sindy Caivio-Nasner, Albeiro Lopez-Herrera, Luis G. Gonzalez-Herrera, Juan C. Rincon
Summary: In this study, genetic characteristics of Blanco Orejinegro (BON) cattle with 500 years of adaptation to the Colombian tropic were investigated, revealing recent inbreeding and identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with milk yield, external appearance, production, reproduction, health, and meat carcass.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. R. Carrara, P. S. Lopes, R. Veroneze, R. J. Pereira, L. E. F. Zadra, M. G. C. D. Peixoto
Summary: This study quantified runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity-rich regions (HRR) in a subpopulation of Guzer & aacute; cattle and examined ROH and HRR islands. The results showed that the inbreeding coefficients determined by ROH were higher than other cattle breeds' and higher than pedigree-based inbreeding in the Guzer & aacute; breed obtained in previous studies. Additionally, genes identified in ROH and HRR islands were associated with dairy and beef traits, reproductive traits, and disease resistance.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ahmed M. Sallam, Henry Reyer, Klaus Wimmers, Francesca Bertolini, Adel Aboul-Naga, Camila U. Braz, Alaa Emara Rabee
Summary: Understanding the genomic features of local goat breeds in Egypt is crucial for successful breeding programs and conservation. This study identified genomic regions with selection signatures and detected runs of homozygosity, genomic inbreeding coefficients, and fixation index in different goat breeds. The results revealed differences in genomic structure and adaptation among breeds, providing valuable information for preservation and breeding programs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shen-He Liu, Xiao-Ya Ma, Faiz-Ul Hassan, Teng-Yun Gao, Ting-Xian Deng
Summary: The study used ROH analysis to evaluate genomic inbreeding patterns and levels in Mediterranean buffaloes, identifying ROH hotspots, candidate genes related to production traits, and genetic improvement potential through selective breeding.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alberto Cesarani, Giustino Gaspa, Fabio Correddu, Corrado Dimauro, Nicolo P. P. Macciotta
Summary: The study analyzed the distribution and features of ROH in 823 Sarda breed ewes farmed at different altitudes, revealing significant effects of altitude and temperature on homozygosity patterns. Differences in ROH distribution and features among sheep farmed at different altitudes were highlighted, confirming the role of environmental adaptability in shaping the genome of this breed.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Henrique Alberto Mulim, Luiz F. Brito, Luis Fernando Batista Pinto, Jose Bento Sterman Ferraz, Lais Grigoletto, Marcio Ribeiro Silva, Victor Breno Pedrosa
Summary: This study investigated the population structure and identified the runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity-enriched regions (HER) in 16 cattle populations. The results showed population-specific distribution and patterns of ROH and HER, indicating different selection processes or genetic processes among different breeds. The study also revealed candidate genes related to melanogenesis, prolactin signaling, and calcium signaling pathways in the identified homozygosity islands. Additionally, the analysis with whole-genome sequence data uncovered novel regions not captured by SNP panel data.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Bethany Pilon, Kelly Hinterneder, El Hamidi A. Hay, Breno Fragomeni
Summary: Inbreeding depression refers to the decreased fitness of offspring of closely related individuals, which is a common issue in the livestock industry. The relationship between homozygosity and decreased performance is complex and varies by chromosome. Evaluating inbreeding per individual regions of the genome and focusing on specific ROH with negative effects may help to avoid inbreeding depression and increase prediction accuracy in genomic selection programs.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Wilber Hernandez-Montiel, Nubia Noemi Cob-Calan, Lilia E. Cahuich-Tzuc, Jose A. Rueda, Jorge Quiroz-Valiente, Victor Meza-Villalvazo, Roberto Zamora-Bustillos
Summary: This study analyzed the runs of homozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, and effective population size in Pelibuey sheep, and compared them between two groups of ewes. The results revealed that the length distribution of runs of homozygosity and the genes associated with prolificacy were located near LINGO2, FLRT2, ADGRB3, DGKG, DGKE, DGKB, and DGKI. These findings are important for understanding the economic activity of this species.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
E. F. Dzomba, M. Chimonyo, R. Pierneef, F. C. Muchadeyi
Summary: This study examined the frequency and distribution patterns of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in South African sheep breeds, finding that it corresponded to the breed history and selection pressures. Different breeds exhibited varying levels of autozygosity, with genes within ROH islands associated with important traits and predomestic selection factors.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shuaishuai Tian, Wendan Tang, Ziqi Zhong, Ziyi Wang, Xinfeng Xie, Hong Liu, Fuwen Chen, Jiaxin Liu, Yuxin Han, Yao Qin, Zhen Tan, Qian Xiao
Summary: In this study, the genetic variations and runs of homozygosity (ROH) of 235 Wenchang chickens were systematically investigated. The ROH of Wenchang chicken consists mainly of short segments, and the chickens exhibit relatively high genetic diversity. Additionally, several genes related to growth performance, stress resistance, meat traits, and fat deposition were identified. These findings are valuable for future breeding, conservation, and utilization of Wenchang and other chicken breeds.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anna Letko, Benoit Hedan, Anna Snell, Alexander C. Harris, Vidhya Jagannathan, Goran Andersson, Bodil S. Holst, Elaine A. Ostrander, Pascale Quignon, Catherine Andre, Tosso Leeb
Summary: Bernese mountain dogs are a large dog breed with a complex genomic architecture due to high levels of inbreeding and relatedness. They are multi-purpose companion and family dogs, but are predisposed to several genetic disorders. The analysis of whole-genome sequencing data revealed limited clustering between European and USA dogs and identified several fixed regions harboring genetic variants associated with morphological traits and diseases. The breed's strong predisposition to hematopoietic cancers may be attributed to the presence of immune cell-regulating genes in shared runs of homozygosity.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Carina Visser, Simon Frederick Lashmar, Jason Reding, Donagh P. Berry, Este van Marle-Koster
Summary: The erosion of genetic diversity hinders the sustainability of livestock production in the South African dairy industry. This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity and inbreeding of the Ayrshire, Holstein, and Jersey dairy cattle breeds in South Africa using single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, pedigree records, and identified runs of homozygosity segments.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Nora Laseca, Antonio Molina, Manuel Ramon, Mercedes Valera, Florencia Azcona, Ana Encina, Sebastian Demyda-Peyras
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of increased inbreeding levels on mare fertility, showing a negative correlation between whole-genome homozygosity and fertility estimated breeding values. The analysis also revealed chromosome-level variability and stronger correlations in a reduced dataset of the 10% most and least fertile individuals. Furthermore, the study identified genomic regions associated with fertility, including candidate genes related to oocyte and embryo development.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alberto Cesarani, Giustino Gaspa, Fabio Correddu, Corrado Dimauro, Nicolo P. P. Macciotta
Summary: The study analyzed the distribution and features of ROH in 823 Sarda breed ewes farmed at different altitudes, revealing significant effects of altitude and temperature on homozygosity patterns. Differences in ROH distribution and features among sheep farmed at different altitudes were highlighted, confirming the role of environmental adaptability in shaping the genome of this breed.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
N. Letaief, S. Bedhiaf-Romdhani, W. Ben Salem, A. A. S. Mohammed, G. Gaspa, A. Pauciullo
Summary: This study explores the genetic structure and variability of casein genes in Tunisian camel populations. The results show that Tunisian camels exhibit genetic diversity in casein genes, with significant differences between different ecotypes. There is a close relationship between Tunisian and Sudanese camel populations, and genetic differentiation among populations is associated with the history of camel domestication. This study is of great importance for understanding the biological characteristics of camels and the history of camel domestication.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
F. Correddu, G. Gaspa, A. Cesarani, N. P. P. Macciotta
Summary: Milk coagulation ability is crucial for the sheep dairy industry. This study investigates the causes of noncoagulation of sheep milk and explores the effect of milk physicochemical properties and genetic background on milk coagulation status. The results highlight the importance of protein and chloride content, as well as the somatic cell score, in determining the coagulation status of sheep milk.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Giulietta Minozzi, Maria Grazia De Iorio, Fiorentina Palazzo, Gustavo Gandini, Stefano Biffani, Gianluigi Paolillo, Elena Ciani, Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti, Alessandra Stella, John L. Williams
Summary: This study conducted a case-control association study using the Illumina Caprine SNP50 BeadChip to investigate the susceptibility of goats to Johne's disease. The results identified a genetic locus associated with the antibody response to MAP on chromosome 7.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alberto Cesarani, Salvatore Mastrangelo, Michele Congiu, Baldassare Portolano, Giustino Gaspa, Marco Tolone, Nicolo P. P. Macciotta
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of inbreeding in Sarda and Valle del Belice dairy sheep breeds and their impact on milk production traits. The results showed that higher inbreeding coefficients had a negative effect on milk yield.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Simona Sciuto, Licia Colli, Andrea Fabris, Paolo Pastorino, Nadia Stoppani, Giovanna Esposito, Marino Prearo, Giuseppe Esposito, Paolo Ajmone-Marsan, Pier Luigi Acutis, Silvia Colussi
Summary: This review describes the application of genetics and genomics in controlling infectious diseases in aquaculture. Breeding for disease resistance can mitigate the impact of infectious diseases on aquaculture. However, the interaction between host and pathogen during breeding may lead to pathogenic changes. Therefore, the parallel characterization of pathogens and their genes is crucial in understanding pathogen evolution and applying appropriate mitigation strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. Capra, B. Lazzari, M. Milanesi, G. P. Nogueira, J. F. Garcia, Y. T. Utsunomiya, P. Ajmone-Marsan, A. Stella
Summary: In this study, methylation differences between taurine Angus and indicine Nellore cattle breeds were identified using RRBS profiling. Most differentially methylated sites clustered around genes involved in cellular and anatomical structure morphogenesis. Furthermore, sequences flanking differentially methylated sites were enriched with SNPs compared to other CpG sites. These findings suggest that epigenetics contributes to the regulation and divergence of anatomical morphogenesis in cattle evolution and sub-species differentiation and adaptation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. E. Aldersey, N. Liu, R. Tearle, W. Y. Low, J. Breen, J. L. Williams, C. D. K. Bottema
Summary: Horns, as a type of headgear for Bovidae, have ethical and economic implications for ruminant production species. This study aimed to investigate the effect of POLLED variants on chromatin structure and enhancers. The results suggest that the Celtic variant does not affect the chromatin structure, while the Guarani and Friesian variants have predicted enhancers and histone modifications. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of the POLLED variants for disrupting horn development.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Do T. Hue, Kiro Petrovski, Tong Chen, John L. Williams, Cynthia D. K. Bottema
Summary: In this study, the concentration of five immune-related miRNAs in dam blood, colostrum, and calf blood was measured to investigate whether miRNAs are transferred from the dam to newborn calves. The levels of these miRNAs in calf blood did not show significant changes after colostrum ingestion, suggesting that they are not transferred from colostrum to the newborn calves.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicolo P. P. Macciotta, Corrado Dimauro, Lorenzo Degano, Daniele Vicario, Alberto Cesarani
Summary: Heat stress during pregnancy can lead to physiological and metabolic changes in the offspring of animals, as a result of epigenetic reprogramming of the genome. This study investigated the transgenerational effects of heat stress in Italian Simmental cows. The birth months of the dam and granddam, as well as the temperature-humidity index during pregnancy, were found to affect breeding values for dairy traits in the daughters and granddaughters. The findings suggest an epigenetic inheritance due to environmental stressors in Italian Simmental cattle.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Carta, A. Cesarani, F. Correddu, N. P. P. Macciotta
Summary: This study investigated the factors affecting lactose content in sheep milk and found that it is influenced by several factors, suggesting the possibility of incorporating lactose content into breeding programs.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Diana Giannuzzi, Lucio Flavio Macedo Mota, Sara Pegolo, Franco Tagliapietra, Stefano Schiavon, Luigi Gallo, Paolo Ajmone Marsan, Erminio Trevisi, Alessio Cecchinato
Summary: The study used milk FTIR spectra and ML algorithms to develop prediction equations for 29 blood metabolites in dairy cows. The ML algorithms achieved more accurate performance compared to the traditional method of partial least squares regression.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
F. Correddu, S. Carta, M. Congiu, A. Cesarani, C. Dimauro, N. P. P. Macciotta
Summary: Individual methane emissions are considered as a potential breeding goal to improve the sustainability of ruminant farming systems. However, the high costs and logistics of large-scale recording of individual methane emissions pose difficulties. This study aimed to estimate the methane yield and intensity of dairy sheep using equations developed for dairy cattle and to evaluate the factors affecting these measurements. The results provide valuable insights into the phenotypic and genetic background of methane emissions in Sarda dairy sheep.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alberto Cesarani, Francesca Corte Pause, Jorge Hidalgo, Andre Garcia, Lorenzo Degano, Daniele Vicario, Nicolo P. P. Macciota, Giuseppe Stradaioli
Summary: This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and investigate the genomic background of scrotal circumference and semen parameters in Italian Simmental bulls. The heritabilities ranged from 0.07 to 0.50, and a total of 13 SNP were significantly associated with the traits. Genes already associated with reproduction parameters were found near the significant SNP. The results provided preliminary insights into the genetic determinism of semen quality in Italian Simmental bulls.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)