Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nydia Vasquez, Miguel Cervantes, Hugo Bernal-Barragan, Luis Edgar Rodriguez-Tovar, Adriana Morales
Summary: Short-term exposure to heat stress has negative effects on pig performance, blood components, and intestinal epithelium integrity, but signs of recovery start to show after 7 days of exposure.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Adriana Morales, Veronica Sanchez, Bayron Perez, Reyna L. Camacho, Nestor Arce, Ernesto Avelar, Jollie-Carolline Gonzalez-Vega, John K. Htoo, Miguel Cervantes
Summary: Heat stress can affect the intestinal morphology and function in pigs, but supplementing with methionine, an intracellular antioxidant, may help alleviate these effects. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with dl-Met above requirement on the performance, small intestine morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, amino acid transporters expression, and serum concentration of free AA in heat-stressed pigs. The results showed that supplementing with methionine improved growth performance, small intestine morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, and serum concentration of amino acids in heat-stressed pigs.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Arth David Sol Valmoria Ortega, Csaba Szabo
Summary: Heat stress poses a significant threat to pigs by negatively affecting their intestinal integrity and function, including morphology, histology, and barrier function. Supplementation of dietary antioxidants can mitigate these adverse effects and maintain the normal function of the intestine.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Adriana Morales, Fernanda Gonzalez, Hugo Bernal, Reyna L. Camacho, Nestor Arce, Nydia Vasquez, Jolie C. Gonzalez-Vega, John K. Htoo, Maria T. Viana, Miguel Cervantes
Summary: This study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with 0.16% l-Arg can improve the function of small intestine epithelium in pigs exposed to heat stress conditions, by increasing villi height, abundance of AA transporters, and the concentration of most indispensable AAs in the animals' bodies.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Teng Teng, Xin Song, Guodong Sun, Hongwei Ding, Haoyang Sun, Guangdong Bai, Baoming Shi
Summary: This study investigated the response of intestinal amino acid transport and the amino acid pool in muscle to chronic cold exposure in pig models. It was found that chronic cold exposure inhibited amino acid absorption and depleted branched amino acids in muscle. However, glucose supplementation improved amino acid transport and the amino acid pool in muscle.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zaira Pardo, Ivan Mateos, Cristina Saro, Romulo Campos, Hector Arguello, Manuel Lachica, Maria Jose Ranilla, Ignacio Fernandez-Figares
Summary: Pigs are highly susceptible to heat stress and betaine and zinc have been used as nutritional mitigation strategies. This study found that betaine and zinc modified hindgut fermentation in heat-stressed pigs, increasing acetate and butyrate production. The abundance of certain bacterial groups was also affected. Further research is needed to confirm these results under in vivo conditions.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. N. Engelsmann, L. D. Jensen, M. E. van der Heide, M. S. Hedemann, T. S. Nielsen, J. Norgaard
Summary: This study evaluated the digestibility of protein and amino acids from different protein sources and the intestinal morphology in pigs during the first four weeks after weaning. The results showed that the time after weaning was more important for protein digestibility than the source of protein. The lower number of mature epithelial cells and smaller absorptive area in the small intestine during the early postweaning period may explain the poor protein digestibility.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Francis Amann Eugenio, Jaap van Milgen, Joel Duperray, Renaud Sergheraert, Nathalie Le Floc'h
Summary: This study compared the effects of different forms of dietary amino acids (AA) on the intestinal physiology of pigs and found that supplying AA in the form of free AA and small peptides resulted in higher apparent jejunal digestibility compared to supplying them as proteins. The faster absorption of small peptides may be the reason for this difference, and the different forms of AA also had an impact on intestinal morphology and gene expression of AA transporters.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Chen Yang, Pei Luo, Shi-jian Chen, Zhi-chao Deng, Xin-liang Fu, Dan-ning Xu, Yun-bo Tian, Yun-mao Huang, Wen-jun Liu
Summary: Resveratrol was found to have a protective effect in duck jejunum exposed to acute heat stress, as it increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and reduced histopathological damage. Moreover, resveratrol activated the SIRT1 signaling pathway to alleviate oxidative damage and inflammation injury induced by heat stress.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jason T. Lee, Sam J. Rochell, Ruben Kriseldi, Woo Kim, Randy D. Mitchell
Summary: The combination of increased genetic potential and changes in management strategies affects the nutritional needs of poultry. Increasing specific amino acid concentrations can benefit gastrointestinal development, immune response, behavior, and sustainability. This paper discusses the functional roles of amino acids in meeting poultry production, health, and sustainability goals.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Z. Pardo, I Seiquer
Summary: Zinc supplementation was found to reduce cell membrane damage, alleviate oxidative stress, promote antioxidant enzyme activity, and protect intestinal barrier function under heat stress conditions, which may be a beneficial nutritional strategy against intestinal damage caused by high temperatures.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jana Schreier, Ivan Rychlik, Daniela Karasova, Magdalena Crhanova, Gerhard Breves, Silke Rautenschlein, Arne Jung
Summary: This study revealed the impact of heat stress on the cecal microbiota and EC pathogenicity, suggesting that heat stress may predispose broilers to EC-associated disease and increase its severity.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jian Jin, Mengxiao Xue, Yuchen Tang, Liangliang Zhang, Ping Hu, Yun Hu, Demin Cai, Xugang Luo, Ming-an Sun
Summary: Heat stress can cause intestinal inflammation, impaired barrier integrity, and decreased immunity in poultry. Zinc has been shown to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress, but the effects of different sources and levels of zinc supplementation on the heat stress capacity of Chinese landraces remained unclear. This study investigated the effects of zinc sulfate (ZnS) and zinc proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Zn-Prot M) on the intestinal immune function of Xueshan chickens, an important local breed in China. The results showed that both ZnS and Zn-Prot M can effectively reduce IL-6 secretion in the serum, with 60 mg/kg being the optimal dose. Zn-Prot M was superior to ZnS in improving intestinal immunity, and 60 mg/kg was the optimal addition dose.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaoyang Liu, Jiatong Sun, Yue Li, Xuening Yu, Fawen Yin, Deyang Li, Pengfei Jiang, Yoshimasa Nakamura, Dayong Zhou
Summary: The study investigated the intestinal promotion of zinc absorption by scallop mantle hydrolysates (SMHs) and found that the molecular distribution of SMH was mainly 1-5 kDa. The chelation of zinc with SMH did not significantly alter the secondary structure of SMH. Moreover, SMH successfully carried and transported zinc, and several representative transported peptides were identified.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zaira Pardo, Luis Lara, Rosa Nieto, Ignacio Fern, Isabel Seiquer
Summary: The study investigated the effects of supplemental zinc and betaine on the meat quality and redox status of heat-stressed pigs. Results showed that the zinc diet improved water retention capacity, antioxidant properties, and glutathione peroxidase activity of the muscles, while the betaine diet had no significant effects. These findings suggest that zinc supplementation can be used to improve the antioxidant properties of meat in heat-stressed Iberian pigs.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wei Zhang, Kellie A. Kroscher, Robert L. Murray, Rachel Gagliardi, Carly Guiltinan, Robert P. Rhoads, Chad H. Stahl
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Victoria Sanz-Fernandez, Laura Torres-Rovira, Jose L. Pesantez-Pacheco, Marta Vazquez-Gomez, Consolacion Garcia-Contreras, Susana Astiz, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Morgan E. Biggs, Kellie A. Kroscher, Lidan D. Zhao, Zhenhe Zhang, Emma H. Wall, David M. Bravo, Robert P. Rhoads
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Reproductive Biology
E. J. Mayorga, J. W. Ross, A. F. Keating, R. P. Rhoads, L. H. Baumgard
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. A. Horst, L. M. van den Brink, E. J. Mayorga, M. Al-Qaisi, S. Rodriguez-Jimenez, B. M. Goetz, M. A. Abeyta, S. K. Kvidera, L. S. Caixeta, R. P. Rhoads, L. H. Baumgard
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dane W. Fausnacht, Ryan P. McMillan, Nabil E. Boutagy, Ryan A. Lupi, Mordecai M. Harvey, Brenda M. Davy, Kevin P. Davy, Robert P. Rhoads, Matthew W. Hulver
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Victoria Sanz-Fernandez, Jean-Baptiste Daniel, Dave J. Seymour, Sara K. Kvidera, Zeno Bester, John Doelman, Javier Martin-Tereso
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dane W. Fausnacht, Kellie A. Kroscher, Ryan P. McMillan, Luciane S. Martello, Lance H. Baumgard, Joshua T. Selsby, Matthew W. Hulver, Robert P. Rhoads
Summary: Heat stress disrupts substrate regulation and energy expenditure in growing pigs, leading to decreased muscle metabolic flexibility and increased leucine oxidation. However, weight gain and feed intake did not differ significantly between the HS and TN groups.
Article
Biology
Tori E. Rudolph, Edith J. Mayorga, Melissa Roths, Robert P. Rhoads, Lance H. Baumgard, Joshua T. Selsby
Summary: Heat stress poses a major threat to human health and agricultural production, with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction playing key roles in muscle injury. Mitoquinol is hypothesized to alleviate these effects. Unexpectedly, in male pigs exposed to heat stress, markers of oxidative stress were similar between treatments, while increased degradation of autophagosomes was observed. Previous findings in female pigs did not align with these results, suggesting potential sex-related differences in susceptibility to heat-induced injury.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Edith J. Mayorga, Erin A. Horst, Brady M. Goetz, Sonia Rodriguez-Jimenez, Megan A. Abeyta, Mohmmad Al-Qaisi, Samantha Lei, Robert P. Rhoads, Joshua T. Selsby, Lance H. Baumgard
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of rapamycin on biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation in growing pigs under acute heat stress conditions. Despite altered phenotypic, metabolic, and leukocyte responses in pigs exposed to heat stress, rapamycin administration had limited impact on the measured outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kellie A. Kroscher, Dane W. Fausnacht, Ryan P. McMillan, Samer W. El-Kadi, Emma H. Wall, David M. Bravo, Robert P. Rhoads
Summary: This study investigated the effects of supplementing a combination of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsaicin on pigs experiencing heat stress. The results indicated that supplementation restored core temperature, weight gain, and feed efficiency in heat-stressed pigs, while also improving metabolic flexibility. This suggests that the supplement has potential therapeutic metabolic effects during heat stress.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. W. Stewart, A. G. Arneson, M. K. H. Byrd, V. M. Negron-Perez, H. M. Newberne, R. R. White, S. W. El-Kadi, A. D. Ealy, R. P. Rhoads, M. L. Rhoads
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of hyperinsulinemia concurrent with hypoglycemia on the physiological changes in lactating dairy cows under heat stress. The results showed that heat stress and hyperinsulinemia with hypoglycemia both had an impact on feed intake and milk production in cows. Furthermore, baseline blood glucose concentrations were highly correlated with the change in glucose levels during heat stress, and cows that did not develop hypoglycemia during heat stress tended to have a greater reduction in milk yield. This study fills a knowledge gap in understanding the physiological response to heat stress and changes in glycemic state.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dallas R. Soffa, Jacob W. Stewart, Erica D. Pack, Alicia G. Arneson, Raffaella De Vita, James W. Knight, Dane W. Fausnacht, Robert P. Rhoads, Sherrie G. Clark, David G. Schmale, Michelle L. Rhoads
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of short-term consumption of zearalenone on growth, carcass weight, liver weight, and reproductive tissues in pubertal gilts. The results showed that short-term consumption of zearalenone produced microscopic alterations in reproductive organs, which are likely to have negative effects on their subsequent function and these differences persist even after zearalenone consumption ceases.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Roths, M. A. Abeyta, B. Wilson, T. E. Rudolph, M. B. Hudson, R. P. Rhoads, L. H. Baumgard, J. T. Selsby
Summary: Heat stress does not increase skeletal muscle proteolysis, contrary to previous beliefs, which calls into question the assumption that increased skeletal muscle proteolysis drives increased amino acid mobilization.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
V. C. Souza, L. E. Moraes, L. H. Baumgard, J. E. P. Santos, N. D. Mueller, R. P. Rhoads, E. Kebreab
Summary: The goal of this study was to model the changes in dairy cow productivity, water intake, and absolute CH4 emissions, yield, and intensity with the progression of a cyclical heat stress period in lactating dairy cows. The study provides quantitative predictions of the changes in animal performance and CH4 emissions with the progression of heat stress in lactating dairy cows.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)