Review
Cell Biology
C. Glenn Begley, Mark Ashton, Jonathan Baell, Michael Bettess, Michael P. Brown, Brett Carter, William N. Charman, Christopher Davis, Simon Fisher, Ian Frazer, Anand Gautam, Michael P. Jennings, Philip Kearney, Eloise Keeffe, Darren Kelly, Angel F. Lopez, Michael McGuckin, Michael W. Parker, Craig Rayner, Brett Roberts, James S. Rush, Mark Sullivan
Summary: Drug repurposing is promoted as a cost- and time-effective mechanism for providing new medicines, but insufficient consideration by academic researchers of the required processes may hinder its success. Critical factors for successful repurposed medicines include financial, intellectual property, and clinical considerations.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mohammad Dehghani, Mehdi Kahouei, Shahin Akhondzadeh, Bita Mesgarpour, Reza Ferdousi
Summary: The study identified specific functional and technical requirements from Iranian health researchers regarding academic social network sites, including features related to communication, team activities, managing scientific publications, enhancing research processes, and high security and user-friendliness.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biology
Jessica E. M. van der Wal, Rose Thorogood, Nicholas P. C. Horrocks
Summary: Collaboration and diversity are increasingly promoted in science, but the influence of collaborations on academic career progression and whether this differs by gender are still largely unknown. A study on participants of biennial International Society of Behavioral Ecology meetings showed that women were slower in career progression compared to men, and had fewer chances to become principal investigators. Women had fewer collaborators and published less frequently with each co-author, although they collaborated more often with the same group of collaborators. The study suggests that large and varied collaboration networks are positively correlated with career progression, especially for women.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Catherine Hoar, Jill McClary-Gutierrez, Marlene K. Wolfe, Aaron Bivins, Kyle Bibby, Andrea I. Silverman, Sandra L. McLellan
Summary: Wastewater surveillance has rapidly developed as a useful tool for tracking the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are technical challenges and scientific questions that academic researchers are equipped to address. Their involvement in wastewater surveillance can contribute to building robust surveillance programs and gaining new insights into population health.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jing Cui, Changbo Qiu, Zhigang Wang
Summary: This study investigates how journal attributes influence language choices of Chinese scholars through interviews, and develops a model that explains the factors influencing language preferences. The findings suggest that perceived value and contextual factors play important roles in the decision-making process. These insights have significant implications for Chinese scholars, policymakers, and journal operators, and shed light on the issue of discrimination in academic publishing.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Sigrid Rajalo, Maaja Vadi
Summary: This research found that in the collaboration process between low-capacity SMEs and academic researchers, the motivation symmetry between partners plays a crucial role.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emma C. Bowers, Jimena Stephenson, Melissa Furlong, Kenneth S. Ramos
Summary: Unpublished data and unused samples are common in research, but the scope and economic impact of their disuse is not well understood. A survey of 301 academic and government scientists revealed that 95% of respondents had unpublished data and 60% stored unused samples. The estimated cumulative value of unused resources at universities is approximately $6.2 billion, which is about 7% of the current annual R&D budget.
Article
Business, Finance
Feng He, Tong Fu, Brian Lucey
Summary: This study examines the globalized nature of finance journal editors and provides a mapping of editorial power and geographic diversity among top-ranked journals. The analysis surfaces the most powerful institutions and countries in finance research.
FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
S. A. M. Dolmans, B. Walrave, S. Read, N. van Stijn
Summary: Research on academic engagement and technology transfer reveals the significance of boundary spanning in successful technology commercialization, highlighting the role of perspective taking in enabling academics to understand knowledge boundaries and improve their abilities in this process. This study provides new insights into the relationship between individual academic researchers' characteristics and successful technology transfer outcomes.
JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Frank J. van Rijnsoever, Laurens K. Hessels
Summary: The research found that for most researchers, the expected publication in scientific journals is the most decisive factor driving their collaboration choices. Most researchers prefer to collaborate with partners other than industry. Different groups of researchers are influenced by different factors, requiring governments to take a variety of interventions to promote university-industry collaborations.
JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
(2021)
Editorial Material
Optics
Kurt Busch
Summary: Editor-in-Chief Kurt Busch introduces a new prize for the best paper published by an emerging researcher in the Journal in 2021.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Max Kasun, Katie Ryan, Jodi Paik, Kyle Lane-McKinley, Laura Bodin Dunn, Laura Weiss Roberts, Jane Paik Kim
Summary: This study investigates the ethical considerations of machine learning researchers in medicine when developing machine learning tools for clinical care. The researchers found that while the participants had positive attitudes towards continued machine learning innovation, they also expressed concerns regarding data sampling and labeling, as well as algorithm training and testing. They suggested the need for increased interdisciplinary training and more coordinated approaches to address ethics issues.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juliana Hipolito, Leila Teruko Shirai, Rosana Halinski, Aline Sartori Guidolin, Ranyse Barbosa Querino, Eliane Dias Quintela, Nivia da Silva Dias Pini, Carmen Silvia Soares Pires, Eliana Maria Gouveia Fontes
Summary: In the 21st century, gender inequality in science is still a topic that needs to be discussed. This study analyzed the situation in Brazilian Entomology and found that although female researchers have similar publication numbers and impact as male researchers, they are less represented in prestigious positions such as the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and editorial boards.
Article
Economics
Marco Bertoni, Giorgio Brunello, Daniele Checchi, Lorenzo Rocco
Summary: High-productivity researchers tend to underestimate their own position in the productivity distribution, while the opposite holds true for low-productivity researchers.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION
(2021)
Article
Telecommunications
Ibukun T. Afolabi, Atinuke Ayo, Oluwole A. Odetunmibi
Summary: By analyzing the co-authorship network of the Computer Science department, a collaboration recommendation application was developed to improve the performance of computer science academics in Nigeria.
WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Harsha P. Gunawardena, Yongling Ai, Jinshan Gao, Richard N. Zare, Hao Chen
Summary: Microdroplet reactions have attracted attention for their ability to accelerate reactions, such as ultrafast protein digestion occurring in less than 1 ms. This study integrated a microdroplet protein digestion technique with automated sample flow injection and online mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, resulting in a rapid and reliable method for characterizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The method allows for the assessment of the safety and quality of antibody drugs through structural characterization.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaowei Song, Qingce Zang, Chao Li, Tianhao Zhou, Richard N. N. Zare
Summary: We developed an immunoassay-based desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (immuno-DESI-MSI) technique for visualizing functional macromolecules. Boronic acid mass tags (BMTs) were synthesized to label antibodies as MSI probes, which can be released from the antibody by cleaving the boronic ester bond under acidic conditions. The BMTs can work in both optical and MS imaging modes and can be readily identified due to the introduction of the boron element.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Mofidfar, Xiaowei Song, John T. T. Kelly, Mitchell H. H. Rubenstein, Richard N. N. Zare
Summary: Using silicone wristband electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SWESI-MS), the internal surface of a wristband can be exposed to sweat metabolites and the external surface can be exposed to environmental factors. A small amount of a water:methanol solution can effectively extract metabolites and chemicals from various sources. This method allows for onsite sampling, simple testing, and automatic data searching, making it suitable for monitoring hazardous chemical contamination and sweat-secreted metabolites.
ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Meng, Elumalai Gnanamani, Richard N. Zare
Summary: In this study, hydroxyl radicals generated in situ were used for an organic transformation to synthesize anilines from aryl acids and ammonia/primary or secondary amines via decarboxylation. This one-step reaction occurred at room temperature without the need for metal catalysts or organic solvents. The scope of this transformation includes various types of amines and aromatic acids, enabling the synthesis of aniline and N-substituted anilines in a single step.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Summer Ramsay-Burrough, Daniel P. Marron, Keith C. Armstrong, Trevor J. Del Castillo, Richard N. Zare, Robert M. Waymouth
Summary: The strategy of improving catalyst performance is achieved by replacing ligands. Experimental results show that using 7,7'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-biquinoline (L3) as the ligand can enhance the catalyst's effectiveness. Furthermore, changes in ligand structure can also modulate the regioselectivity of the substrate.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Meng, Elumalai Gnanamani, Richard N. Zare
Summary: Using room-temperature water microdroplets and applying negative high voltage at the sprayer source, toluene can react with CO2 to form phenylacetic acid in one step without any catalyst. The chemical components of these microdroplets are identified by mass spectrometry, and product structures are confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Mechanistic studies reveal that benzyl radicals formed from hydroxyl radicals at the water microdroplet interface drive these carboxylation reactions. This water microdroplet chemistry is general, enabling the activation and subsequent carboxylation of aryl alpha-C-H groups.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tao Zhang, Sarah E. Noll, Jesus T. Peng, Amman Klair, Abigail Tripka, Nathan Stutzman, Casey Cheng, Richard N. Zare, Alexandra J. Dickinson
Summary: Understanding the principles of plant growth is essential for agriculture and multicellular development research. Using DESI-MSI, we mapped the chemical distribution in developing maize roots and discovered various small molecule patterns across the stem cell differentiation gradient. Through the analysis of TCA cycle metabolites in Arabidopsis and maize, we found that these metabolites are enriched in developmentally opposing regions and control root development in distinct ways. These findings shed light on plant development and offer practical methods for regulating plant growth.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Dai, Christian F. Chamberlayne, Marco S. Messina, Christopher J. Chang, Richard N. Zare, Lingchong You, Ashutosh Chilkoti
Summary: Biomolecular condensates play a crucial role in various cellular processes. This study reveals that the interface of condensates establishes an electric potential gradient, leading to spontaneous redox reactions in vitro and in living cells. These findings highlight the importance of the condensate interface in modulating biochemical activities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wanbo Li, Chiu-wing Chan, Zeyu Li, Sin -Yung Siu, Siyu Chen, Han Sun, Zeyu Liu, Yisu Wang, Chong Hu, Nicola Maria Pugno, Richard N. Zare, Hongkai Wu, Kangning Ren
Summary: Developing versatile and robust surfaces that mimic the skins of living beings to regulate matter is crucial for bioinspired applications. This study presents a novel strategy of preparing a stable and monolithic surface for efficient matter regulation. The key to achieving superwettability and durability lies in the geometric-material mechanics design. The surface demonstrates versatility in manufacturing feasibility, multiple-use modes, and long-term air trapping in deep water, as well as multilevel durability needed for real-world applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Meng, Richard N. Zare, Elumalai Gnanamani
Summary: Benzoic acid dissolved in water is electrosprayed to form microdroplets, which undergo decarboxylation to produce phenol. This ecofriendly method does not require any catalyst or added reagents, and the transformation mechanism was characterized using mass spectrometry and labeling techniques.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xuke Chen, Yu Xia, Zhenyuan Zhang, Lei Hua, Xiuquan Jia, Feng Wang, Richard N. Zare
Summary: Contact between water and oil can result in new chemical reactions, producing CO2, H·, H2, and short-chain hydrocarbons. This reaction is caused by contact electrification at the water-oil microdroplet interface, generating reactive oxygen species.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sason Shaik, David Danovich, Richard N. Zare
Summary: This paper describes the nature of hydrogen bond using valence bond theory. The analysis shows that polarization and charge transfer are the most important interactions in hydrogen bonds, and their sum is identical for different energy decomposition analysis methods. The total covalent-ionic resonance energy of the hydrogen bond is linearly correlated with the dissociation energy of the bond. The contributions of ionic structures to the hydrogen bond increase the positive charge on the hydrogen and contribute to catalytic reactions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Xia, Juan Li, Yuanzheng Zhang, Yongguang Yin, Bolei Chen, Yong Liang, Guibin Jiang, Richard N. Zare
Summary: Spontaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs when water vapor contacts hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups on a silicate surface, which is confirmed by time-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy. The involvement of water vapor in ROS generation is further supported by studying the reaction of D2O vapor and hydroxyl groups on a silicate surface. It is proposed that the change of the hydrogen-bonding network and electron transfer onto the silicate surface during water vapor-solid contact process contribute to ROS production.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Meng, Richard N. Zare, Elumalai Gnanamani
Summary: In this study, a catalyst-free and reagent-free method for converting benzoic acid to phenol in water solution using electrospray technique was reported. The conversion mechanism was characterized using mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and oxygen isotope labeling, revealing the direct decarboxylation of benzoic acid to phenol in microdroplets. This environmentally friendly approach provides a new route for the synthesis of phenol and related aromatic alcohols.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaowei Song, Chanbasha Basheer, Yu Xia, Juan Li, Ismail Abdulazeez, Abdulaziz Al-Saadi, Mohammad Mofidfar, Mohammed Altahir Suliman, Richard Zare
Summary: This study develops a new catalytic system that utilizes a graphite mesh covered with a CuBi2O4 coating and a mixture of N-2 and CO2 as the nebulizing gas to synthesize urea in water microdroplets. The reaction converts greenhouse gases into a value-added product in an ecofriendly process.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)