Preparation of nanoporous array anodic titanium wire supported solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with a copolymerized polymerizable ionic liquid monomer pair

In this work, a nanoporous array anodic titanium was selected as a fiber substrate because of its high surface-to-volume ratio, easy preparation, mechanical stability, and rich titanol groups on its surface that can anchor other active groups. Then, a polymerizable ionic liquid monomer pair, (1-vinyl-3-hexadecylimidzolium)-(p-styrenesulfonate) ([C(16)VIm]+SS-), was synthesized and used for the chemical modification of the mercaptopropyl-functionalized nanoporous anodic titania support using a surface radical chain-transfer addition. A homogeneous and porous coating with a thickness of about 7 mu m was achieved. The main advantage of this copolymerization method over the conventional single-ion polymerization is its high stability under harsh conditions, like high temperatures, as well as acidic, alkaline and high ionic strength solutions. Combined with gas chromatography-a flame ionization detection (GC-FID), the poly[C(16)VIm]+SS- was used as a sorbent material for the direct immersion SPME of four types of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrophobic phenols, nonvolatile phthalate esters and parabens, in an aqueous solution. The analytical performance of the proposed method was investigated under the optimum extraction conditions (content of NaCl, 20% (w/v); extraction temperature, 70 degrees C; and extraction time, 55 min). Calibration ranges were 0.1-400 mu g L-1 for four hydrophobic phenols, anthracene (Ant) and fluoranthene (Flt), 0.15-600 mu g L-1 for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and 0.5-2000 mu g L-1 for ethylparaben (EPN) and propylparaben (PPN). The as-established method showed good linearity with good correlation coefficients (R = 0.993-0.999) and low detection limits in the range of 0.003 to 0.156 ng mL(-1) (S/N = 3). In addition, the poly[C(16)VIm]+SS- -SPME fiber showed good precision (3.2-13.5%) and repeatability between fiber and fiber (9.1-19.6%). Finally, soil extract sample were analyzed and satisfactory results were obtained.