期刊
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
卷 81, 期 2, 页码 604-611出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ac8022444
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资金
- Andalusian Research Group [RNM-179, HUM-2006-06210]
- Junta de Andalucia
Excavations at the 14th century Moorish rampart (Granada, Spain) unearthed a brick oven alongside black ash and bone stratigraphic layers. In situ evidence suggests the oven served to fabricate a wall coating including powdered burnt bones. Original ad hoc analyses improved on conventional methods were used to confirm this hypothesis. These methods enable (i) nondestructive micro-X-ray diffiraction (mu-XRD) for fast mineralogical data acquisition (similar to 10 s) and moderately high spatial (similar to 500 mu m) resolution and (ii) identification and imaging of crystalline components in sample cross-sections via mineral maps, yielding outstanding visualization of grain distribution and morphology in composite samples based on scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersion X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) elemental maps. Benefits are shown for applying diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) vs transmittance-FT-IR (T-FT-IR) to analyze organic and inorganic components in single samples. Complementary techniques to fully characterize artifacts were gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), optical microscopy (OM), conventional powder XRD, and (14)C dating. Bone-hydroxyapatite was detected in the coating. Mineralogical transformations in the bricks indicate oven temperatures well above 1000 degrees C, supporting the hypothesis.
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