Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Charlotte E. Bopp, Jakov Bolotin, Sarah G. Pati, Thomas B. Hofstetter
Summary: Monitoring stable oxygen isotope ratios provides insights into fundamental processes in bio(geo)chemistry and environmental sciences. However, interference from argon can lead to overestimation of oxygen isotope signatures, requiring instrumental modifications and post-measurement corrections.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Miren Aguirre, Nicholas Ballard, Edurne Gonzalez, Shaghayegh Hamzehlou, Haritz Sardon, Marcelo Calderon, Maria Paulis, Radmila Tomovska, Damien Dupin, Ren H. Bean, Timothy E. Long, Jose R. Leiza, Jose M. Asua
Summary: The water-based emulsion polymerization process has led to the continuous growth in commercial use of polymer colloids due to its high efficiency and versatility in production. This perspective highlights the challenges in synthesis and application of polymer colloids, including the transition towards sustainable feedstocks and reduced environmental impact in their primary applications, as well as the design and application of novel polymer colloids in emerging areas. Unconventional processing techniques utilizing the unique colloidal nature are also presented.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yang Ye, Hongxun Hao, Chuang Xie
Summary: This article presents the progress in the field of photomechanical crystalline materials, including the discovery of new molecular systems and photomechanical mechanisms, as well as the tuning and enhancement of known systems. It also discusses the broad application prospects of photomechanical crystals and provides insights into future developments.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Heera Jayan, Hongbin Pu, Da-Wen Sun
Summary: Single-cell analysis reveals the functional and structural variations of each cell, eliminating the need for traditional microbial cultivation techniques. Raman spectroscopy as a label-free, noninvasive method is ideal for spatially resolved chemical measurements at the single-cell level, offering important insights for microbial studies.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Rebika Rai, Krishna Gopal Dhal
Summary: This article introduces many algorithms inspired by various events observable in nature, covering evolutionary phenomena, social behavior, physical processes, chemical reactions, human behavior, intelligence, plant behavior, numerical techniques, and mathematics programming. Equilibrium Optimizer (EO), a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm based on physics, is thoroughly reviewed along with its variations. Strengths and weaknesses of the algorithm are discussed, and core optimization problems solved by EO in various applications are covered, including image classification and scheduling. The article concludes with recommendations for future EO research.
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Elliott P. Mueller, Alex L. Sessions, Peter E. Sauer, Gabriella M. Weiss, John M. Eiler
Summary: Stable hydrogen isotope compositions have been a useful tool for studying biogeochemical processes in nature, with a new technique using Orbitrap mass spectrometry demonstrated in this study for measuring the δ H-2 of biomolecules like acetate. This approach, utilizing electrospray ionization (ESI)-Orbitrap MS, allows for high precision and sensitivity in analyzing acetate and potentially other molecules amenable to ESI, expanding the scope of hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry research.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
B. Morath, S. Sauer, M. Zaradzki, A. H. Wagner
Summary: Orodispersible films (ODF) are innovative drug formulations that are suitable for patients with swallowing difficulties and can avoid the first-pass effect. ODFs are extensively studied for drug treatment of various diseases and can be produced in a personalized way.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ramananda Chakrabarti, Surajit Mondal, Andrew D. Jacobson, Mark Mills, Stephen J. Romaniello, Hauke Vollstaedt
Summary: Calcium isotope measurements are conducted using various mass spectrometers, such as Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) and Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICPMS), each with its own advantages and disadvantages for analyzing different types of samples. Recent advances in automation and new technologies have improved sample throughput and measurement precision, but further refinement of standards and comparison methods is needed.
Article
Geography, Physical
Markus Greule, Anna Wieland, Frank Keppler
Summary: Stable hydrogen isotope values of wood lignin methoxy groups have been increasingly used to reconstruct the stable hydrogen isotope composition of precipitation and mean annual temperatures. Improved analytical procedures have led to new equations and a numerical model to explain the observed isotope fractionation pattern. The revised relationships provide a basis for reliable application in paleoclimate reconstructions.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mica C. Smith, Julia M. Carlstad, P. Quinby Hunter, John Randazzo, Kristie A. Boering
Summary: The study found that N2O produced under specific conditions has a unique isotopic composition, which can be used to determine the different sources of N2O through isotope measurements. Isotopic composition research helps to further understand the formation and destruction mechanisms of N2O and can be used to identify the sources of changes in atmospheric N2O concentrations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Maimoona Karim, Aliya Fahmi, Shahid Qaisar, Zafar Ullah, Ather Qayyum
Summary: The main objective of this article is to establish a new integral equality related to the Riemann Liouville fractional (RLF) operator. Based on this integral equality, the author presents numerous new inequalities for differentiable convex and concave functions, which are similar to well-known Hermite-Hadamard and Simpson's integral inequalities. The findings of this paper provide a unification and generalization of comparable results in the literature on Hermite-Hadamard and Simpson's integral inequalities. Additionally, the paper explores applications in numerical analysis, finding some new inequalities involving mean values, q-digamma functions, and modified Bessel functions.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Hoa Nguyen, Raul Fangueiro, Fernando Ferreira, Quyen Nguyen
Summary: This article explores the potential applications of auxetic materials in defense. Auxetic materials have superior properties due to their negative Poisson's ratio, expanding when stretched and shrinking when compressed. These materials have improved properties such as shear resistance, indentation resistance, and energy absorption, making them appealing for various industries. The article discusses recent advancements in auxetic materials and structures, but notes that their use in defense is still limited. Its main goal is to serve as a foundation for future research in this field.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Bijie Peng, Mingyue He, Mei Yang, Yujia Shi
Summary: To accurately analyze the oxygen isotope of olivine using SIMS, suitable standard materials are needed to calibrate for matrix effects. This study investigated the homogeneity of oxygen isotopes in two natural olivine minerals and evaluated their potential as standard materials. The recommended values determined via CO2 laser fluorination were 16.37±0.22‰ for JAY03-3 and 18.29±0.28‰ for JAY02-4. The precision of SIMS oxygen isotope measurements was 0.57‰ for JAY03-3 and 0.70‰ for JAY02-4. These minerals have the potential to be used as standard materials for calibrating the oxygen isotope value of end-member forsterite during in situ SIMS analysis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
R. J. Scott Lacombe, Richard P. Bazinet
Summary: Differences in carbon assimilation pathways among plants lead to variations in carbon isotope ratios in foods and animal products, which have been underappreciated in nutrition. Recent studies have shown that carbon isotope ratio analysis can serve as an effective tool for evaluating nutritional biomarker status, not only for sugar and animal protein intake, but also for studying fatty acid metabolism.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wei Xia, Kang Zhang, Lingqia Su, Jing Wu
Summary: Starch debranching enzymes (SDBEs) play a crucial role in hydrolyzing alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides and are essential for various industrial processes. While the substrate specificities of pullulanases and isoamylases differ, both enzymes belong to glycoside hydrolase families and have similarities in their core catalytic domains. Efforts have been made to improve the catalytic efficiency, thermostability, and expression level of SDBEs through enzyme engineering and fermentation strategies. Researchers have also summarized the diverse biochemical properties and features of pullulanase and isoamylase from different sources, aiming to broaden the applications of SDBEs in various industries.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sina Dobaradaran, Torsten C. Schmidt, Xenia A. M. Mutke, Gabriel E. De-la-Torre, Ursula Telgheder, Klaus Kerpen, Marcel Plonowski
Summary: This study assessed for the first time the levels of aromatic amines leachates from cigarette butts in distilled water and river water samples, and found that these chemicals may pose medium risks to aquatic organisms. As there are other hazardous chemicals that may leach from cigarette butts into aquatic environments, restrictions on littering cigarette butts into the environment are necessary.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Robert G. H. Marks, Felix Drees, Sarah Rockel, Klaus Kerpen, Maik A. Jochmann, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: The photolytic degradation mechanism of ATMP in an aqueous solution was investigated using isotope ratio and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The main transformation products were identified as IDMP, AMPA, and o-PO_4. The degradation of ATMP was slightly affected by temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sandro Castronovo, Lissa Helmholz, David Wolff, Jan Struckmann Poulsen, Jeppe Lund Nielsen, Thomas A. Ternes, Torsten C. Schmidt, Arne Wick
Summary: The enzymatic processes involved in the degradation of the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACE) in municipal wastewater treatment have been poorly understood. In this study, two bacterial taxa, an unknown Chelatococcus species and Ensifer adhaerens, were enriched from activated sludge using ACE as the carbon source, and cell-free lysates were analyzed to demonstrate enzymatically catalyzed ACE degradation. The fractionation of the lysate succeeded in separating the enzymes responsible for the initial transformation of ACE and further transformation pathway, providing evidence that the cleavage of the sulfuric ester moiety of ACE is the initial step. The analysis of the unfractionated lysate revealed proteins possibly involved in ACE transformation, including a highly abundant amidase and an ABC transporter substrate-binding protein.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xenia A. M. Mutke, Kittitouch Tavichaiyuth, Felix Drees, Holger Lutze, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: Reverse osmosis (RO) is an advanced technology for producing potable water from various water sources. Adding antiscalants can increase the yield of product water from RO systems. This study investigates the oxidation reactions of antiscalants with ozone and radicals, providing insights into their degradation and the impact of different water matrices.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi, Erich Leitner, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: This study compares three gas chromatographic methods for analyzing ten iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines, and finds that all methods and most analytes have good detection limits and precision. Urine samples from smokers and non-smokers were successfully analyzed, and differences in concentration were observed.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi, Wiebke Kaziur-Cegla, Astrid Gjelstad, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: Aromatic amines, such as those found in tobacco smoke, can enter the human body and be excreted in urine. Hollow fiber-liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) were optimized as alternatives to traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for measuring these compounds. PALME showed significantly higher recovery rates compared to HF-LPME and was further validated for nine different aromatic amines. The results demonstrate that PALME is a greener, more efficient, and automated alternative to LLE.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthijs Vos, Daniel Hering, Mark O. Gessner, Florian Leese, Ralf B. Schaefer, Ralph Tollrian, Jens Boenigk, Peter Haase, Rainer Meckenstock, Daria Baikova, Helena Bayat, Arne Beermann, Daniela Beisser, Bank Beszteri, Sebastian Birk, Lisa Boden, Verena Brauer, Mario Brauns, Dominik Buchner, Andrea Burfeid-Castellanos, Gwendoline David, Aman Deep, Annemie Doliwa, Micah Dunthorn, Julian Enss, Camilo Escobar-Sierra, Christian K. Feld, Nicola Fohrer, Daniel Grabner, Una Hadziomerovic, Sonja C. Jaehnig, Maik Jochmann, Shaista Khaliq, Jens Kiesel, Annabel Kuppels, Kathrin P. Lampert, T. T. Yen Le, Armin W. Lorenz, Graciela Medina Madariaga, Benjamin Meyer, Jelena H. Pantel, Iris Madge Pimentel, Ntambwe Serge Mayombo, Hong Hanh Nguyen, Kristin Peters, Svenja M. Pfeifer, Sebastian Prati, Alexander J. Probst, Dominik Reiner, Peter Rolauffs, Alexandra Schlenker, Torsten C. Schmidt, Manan Shah, Guido Sieber, Tom Lennard Stach, Ann-Kathrin Tielke, Anna-Maria Vermiert, Martina Weiss, Markus Weitere, Bernd Sures
Summary: Our ability to predict the trajectory of ecosystem degradation and recovery is limited, especially when multiple stressors are involved. The Asymmetric Response Concept (ARC) introduces three key mechanisms that govern population, community, and ecosystem responses. Stress tolerance determines the response to increasing stressor intensity, while dispersal and biotic interactions mainly influence the response to stressor release. Understanding these mechanisms helps in predicting ecosystem restoration measures that can restore resilient communities.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Esther Smollich, Eberhard Doebbeler, Tina Mueller-Geipel, Lars Stratmann, Christoph Koch, Valentina I. Merkus, Kathrin Kostka, Denis V. Okhrimenko, Mette Solvang, Milen Nachev, Sonja Zimmermann, Torsten C. Schmidt, Bernd Sures
Summary: The acute and chronic ecotoxicological potential of stone wool eluates were studied through standardized laboratory tests. The results showed that milled stone wool materials had some chronic effects on aquatic invertebrates, while fibrous stone wool materials did not have acute or chronic ecotoxicological effects. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the ecotoxicological potential of milled materials and the environmental exposure of stone wool products.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Lucie K. Tintrop, Amir Salemi, Maik A. Jochmann, Werner R. Engewald, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: With the increasing environmental awareness in analytical chemistry, there is a growing demand for green sample preparation methods. Microextractions, such as SPME and LPME, offer a more sustainable alternative to large-scale extractions by miniaturizing the pre-concentration step. However, the integration of microextractions into standard and routine analysis methods is rare, despite their frequent use and role model function.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lucie K. Tintrop, Jana R. Lieske-Overgrand, Kaliyani Wickneswaran, Rukiyye Abis, Ruth Brunstermann, Maik A. Jochmann, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: This study introduces a method for simultaneous determination of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters using automated solvent-free solid-phase microextraction and isotope labeling in situ derivatization. Gas chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry with the chromatographic isotope effect and mass shift allows for selective differentiation of these two substance classes. The optimized derivatization conditions and standard addition calibration method provide accurate quantification of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters in different samples.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Indra Bartels, Martin Jaeger, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a global impact since 2019, and although vaccines have been developed and approved, effective cures are still being researched. However, the continued use of drugs will lead to the presence of active ingredients in the aquatic environment, and a general method for trace analysis of antiviral drugs is still missing.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Max Reuschenbach, Felix Drees, Torsten C. Schmidt, Gerrit Renner
Summary: In this study, a novel algorithm called qBinning is proposed to construct extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) based on statistical principles, eliminating the need for user parameter settings. A scoring system (DQS(bin)) is also introduced to provide user feedback on the specific qualities of the generated EICs. This work is significant for understanding the behavior of non-target screening (NTS) data and enhancing the overall transparency in NTS results.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Valentina I. Merkus, Michael S. Leupold, Sarah P. Rockel, Holger Lutze, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: The ozonation of micropollutants is greatly influenced by the composition of water, particularly the presence of natural organic matter and carbonate species. In this study, the degradation and product formation of purine derivatives, which are common antiviral micropollutants, were investigated in different artificial water matrices, with a focus on the impact of natural organic matter and alkalinity. It was found that the presence of bicarbonate in the water matrix inhibited the degradation of purine and adenine due to the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. However, the formation of carbonate radicals contributed to the degradation of compounds and affected the stability of transformation products, especially in high alkalinity conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sina Dobaradaran, Ursula Telgheder, Gabriel E. De-la-Torre, Sarah P. Rockel, Xenia A. M. Mutke, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: This study investigated the leaching of nicotine from different parts of cigarette butts and its ecological risks. The results showed that the leaching levels of nicotine varied among different types and parts of cigarette butts, with the highest levels found in the remaining tobacco and ash. The leachate of nicotine was found to pose high risks to fish, algae, and Daphnia magna. The estimated amount of nicotine released into water environments from littered cigarette butts worldwide could range from 380 to 7065 tons.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Robert G. H. Marks, Sarah P. Rockel, Klaus Kerpen, Holger Somnitz, Philipp R. Martin, Maik A. Jochmann, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: This study investigated the pH-dependent photolysis of phosphonates in aqueous solutions and analyzed the transformation products. The results showed that the photolysis rate of phosphonates was influenced by pH and light conditions. Furthermore, the carbon kinetic isotope effects varied for different types of phosphonates.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2024)
