Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a global threat to many healthcare settings. Excessive use of antimicrobials, lack of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this health issue. Prudent use of antimicrobials and simple infection control measures can significantly reduce infection rates.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Qiwen Dong, Huaiying Lin, Marie-Maude Allen, Julian R. Garneau, Jonathan K. Sia, Rita C. Smith, Fidel Haro, Tracy McMillen, Rosemary L. Pope, Carolyn Metcalfe, Victoria Burgo, Che Woodson, Nicholas Dylla, Claire Kohout, Anitha Sundararajan, Evan S. Snitkin, Vincent B. Young, Louis-Charles Fortier, Mini Kamboj, Eric G. Pamer
Summary: Clostridioides difficile strains of different virulence levels contribute to varying severity of colitis. This study found that a natural deletion in the cdtR gene attenuates virulence in epidemic ST1 C. difficile isolates without affecting colonization. Distinguishing strains based on the presence of cdtR may improve the specificity of diagnostic tests for C. difficile colitis.
Article
Microbiology
Katarina Curova, Martin Novotny, Lubos Ambro, Anna Kamlarova, Viera Lovayova, Vladimir Hrabovsky, Leonard Siegfried, Pavol Jarcuska, Peter Jarcuska, Annamaria Toporova
Summary: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota caused by antibiotics is crucial in the formation of Clostridioides difficile (CD). Toxin-producing strains play a role in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), a common hospital-acquired infection. Through molecular methods, 84 C. difficile isolates from stool samples of suspected CDI patients in a Slovakian hospital were characterized. The majority of CD isolates carried genes encoding toxins A and B and a significant proportion were positive for the binary toxin. Specific ribotypes were identified, indicating local CDI outbreaks. Previous antibiotic use was found to be a significant risk factor for CDI development in patients over 65.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jieun Kim, Bongyoung Kim, Hyunjoo Pai
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the trend and diversity of binary toxin-positive Clostridioides difficile over 10 years in Korea. Among the 3278 isolates in 2009-2018, 58 possessed binary toxin genes, with the proportion of CDT-positive isolates increasing over the 10-year period. Thirteen sequence types were identified, with ST1 strains showing resistance to several antibiotics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tebelay Dilnessa, Alem Getaneh, Workagegnehu Hailu, Feleke Moges, Baye Gelaw
Summary: A high prevalence of C. difficile was observed among hospitalized patients, emphasizing the need for attention and prevention. The resistance of C. difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin was lower compared to other antibiotics.
Article
Immunology
Jen-Chieh Lee, Yuan -Pin Hung, Bo -Yang Tsai, Pei -Jane Tsai, Wen -Chien Ko
Summary: Severe CDIs in the ICU were not rare in this study. The ileus group tended to have more severe presentation, with severe and fulminant CDIs accounting for 65.2% and an ICU mortality rate of 39.1%. Clinicians should be aware of abdominal symptoms and signs other than diarrhea, such as ileus, for timely diagnosis and management of CDI.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Papanin Putsathit, Stacey Hong, Narelle George, Christine Hemphill, Peter G. Huntington, Tony M. Korman, Despina Kotsanas, Monica Lahra, Rodney McDougall, Andrew McGlinchey, Casey Moore, Graeme R. Nimmo, Louise Prendergast, Jennifer Robson, Lynette Waring, Michael C. Wehrhahn, Gerhard F. Weldhagen, Richard M. Wilson, Thomas Riley, Daniel R. Knight
Summary: The study found that the majority of C. difficile isolated in Australia showed susceptibility to the recommended antimicrobials for treating CDI, with low resistance to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, and rare multidrug resistance. However, resistance to clindamycin was common, with one fluoroquinolone-resistant ribotype 027 strain detected.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ishani Wickramage, Patrizia Spigaglia, Xingmin Sun
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a major concern as one of the top five antibiotic resistance threats in the USA, with a global increase in multidrug resistance and emergence of more virulent strains. Understanding the evolving antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CD is crucial for guiding antibiotic stewardship policies and developing new therapeutic targets. Epidemiological surveillance and strain-specific characteristics are key in combating the spread of resistance genes among different CD strains.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Malgorzata Aptekorz, Krzysztof Sacha, Zygmunt Gofron, Monika Kabala, Celine Harmanus, Ed Kuijper, Gayane Martirosian
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of C. difficile isolates from patients in Silesia, Poland. The results showed a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRT 027/176 C. difficile strains in the region, emphasizing the importance of enhancing regional infection control and antibiotic stewardship.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Nadia Diniz, Loren Nery Fontoura Moura, Diogo Soares Goncalves Cruz, Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior, Henrique Cesar Pereira Figueiredo, Joao Luis Reis Cunha, Eduardo Garcia Vilela, Edward J. Kuijper, Mark H. Wilcox, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a global healthcare problem, and new strains continue to emerge. This study characterized three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains of C. difficile and conducted a two-year survey in animals and humans. The results suggest that these new clade 2 strains have virulence potential and continue to emerge in Brazil.
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peng An Khun, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This review provides an overview of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in southeast Asia, including its prevalence, detection methods, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the potential significance of a One Health approach. CDI is a common cause of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis worldwide, with higher rates observed in high-income countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness about CDI, along with antimicrobial abuse and inadequate education on appropriate usage, contribute to its evolution. Underreporting of CDI rates and misuse of antimicrobial agents pose a significant threat in regions like Indochina, while C. difficile RT 017 strain is endemic in southeast Asia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ren-feng Zhang, Yu-xia Man, Yuan-yuan Bai, Chun-hong Shao, Chun-mei Liu, Cong-hui Wang, Yong-xing Lei, Yong Wang, Yan Jin
Summary: This study identified and characterized five C. difficile 027 isolates in China, showing high resistance to fluoroquinolones. These isolates were confirmed through MLST, PCR ribotyping, and whole genome sequencing. The findings suggest that C. difficile 027 infections may be neglected in China, warranting further epidemiological studies nationwide.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Masayuki Hiraki, Rei Suzuki, Nobuo Tanaka, Hiroki Fukunaga, Yoshinori Kinoshita, Hayato Kimura, Shusaku Tsutsui, Masaru Murata, Shunji Morita
Summary: This case report presents a rare case of community-acquired fulminant pseudomembranous colitis caused by ribotype 027 C. difficile after H. pylori eradication therapy in a 68-year-old woman. In Japan, this strain is reported to be uncommon, making this case notable.
SURGICAL CASE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Phuong Thi Pham, Ha Thi Thu Nguyen, Quyen Thi Huyen Vu, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in children with diarrhea in Vietnam. The results showed a high prevalence of C. difficile, but a comparatively low proportion of toxigenic strains.
Article
Microbiology
Pawel Karpinski, Dorota Wultanska, Michal Piotrowski, Marie Brajerova, Agnieszka Mikucka, Hanna Pituch, Marcela Krutova
Summary: The motility and genotype of flagellin fliC and fliD genes were investigated in 82 C. difficile isolates, with RT023 showing the highest motility similar to hypervirulent RT027 and its genetic relative RT176.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manu P. Bilsen, Merel M. C. Lambregts, Joffrey van Prehn, Ed J. Kuijper
Summary: Recent studies have shown some effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for decolonization of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), but questions remain regarding its true efficacy, optimal route of administration, role of antibiotics pre and post-FMT, and efficacy in different patient populations. Further research is needed to explore the observed decrease in MDRO infections post-FMT.
CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Michal Piotrowski, Dorota Wultanska, Hanna Pituch
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effect of standard and candidate prebiotics on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Bacteroides sp. The results showed that prebiotics and synbiotics may help decrease the burden of C. difficile infections.
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Michal Piotrowski, Dorota Wultanska, Hanna Pituch
Summary: This study investigated the effects of 3'-sialyllactose (SL) and 6'-SL on adhesion and biofilm formation of C. difficile. The results showed that both substances can inhibit the adhesion of C. difficile to human colon cells and reduce biofilm formation.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cornelis Adrianus De Pijper, Jenny Lea Schnyder, Cornelis Stijnis, Abraham Goorhuis, Martin Peter Grobusch
Summary: Severe thrombocytopenia is a rare but life-threatening complication of ZVI, with immune-induced thrombocytopenia as the main pathophysiological mechanism. Further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy for this complication due to a lack of cases.
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Virginie F. Viprey, Georgina L. Davis, Anthony D. Benson, Duncan Ewin, William Spittal, Jon J. Vernon, Maja Rupnik, Alice Banz, Florence Allantaz, Philippe Cleuziat, Mark H. Wilcox, Kerrie A. Davies
Summary: This study compared data on CDI patients in hospitals and communities across 12 European countries. The study found a higher CDI positivity rate in hospitals and a larger number of undiagnosed adults in the community, highlighting the need for improved diagnosis of diarrhea patients in the community.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Daan W. Notermans, Annelot F. Schoffelen, Fabian Landman, Cornelia C. H. Wielders, Sandra Witteveen, Varisha A. Ganesh, Marga Van Santen-Verheuvel, Sabine C. de Greeff, Ed J. Kuijper, Antoni P. A. Hendrickx
Summary: Urine-associated Escherichia coli ST38 producing OXA-244 harboring putative uropathogenicity factors emerged in the Netherlands.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marta Kierzkowska, Anna Majewska, Konrad Karlowicz, Hanna Pituch
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cfiA-positive isolates in B. fragilis infections and investigate the carbapenemase activity in B. fragilis strains through the Carba NP test. The study found that 5.2% of B. fragilis isolates were phenotypically resistant to meropenem and 6.1% of B. fragilis isolates carried the cfiA gene. The meropenem minimum inhibitory concentrations were significantly higher in cfiA-positive strains.
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ishani Wickramage, Zhong Peng, Soumyadeep Chakraborty, Celine Harmanus, Ed J. Kuijper, Sally Alrabaa, Wiep Klaas Smits, Xingmin Sun
Summary: Clostridioides difficile has a complex relationship with antibiotics, as they can both increase the risk of infection and be the primary treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI). This study identified two clinical isolates of C. difficile with elevated resistance to vancomycin and rifaximin, as well as mutations related to resistance. The findings highlight the importance of surveillance in understanding antibiotic resistance and developing effective treatment strategies.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Dorota Wultanska, Pawel Karpinski, Michal Piotrowski, Hanna Pituch
Summary: Sub-MIC concentrations of metronidazole affect the biofilm formation of clinical and reference strains of Clostridioides difficile, particularly inducing biofilm formation in hypervirulent RT027 strains.
Article
Microbiology
P. M. C. Klein Klouwenberg, W. van der Kuil, A. J. van Griethuysen, M. Hendriks, E. J. Kuijper, D. W. Notermans, A. F. Schoffelen, ISIS AR Study Grp
Summary: Using data from the Dutch national surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance, this study found discrepancies in minimum inhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides measured by the automated testing systems VITEK2 and Phoenix. The Phoenix system showed higher MICs and an annual increase in resistance for certain species. These findings have implications for the clinical treatment of sepsis patients.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karuna E. W. Vendrik, Amoe Baktash, Jelle J. Goeman, Celine Harmanus, Daan W. Notermans, Sabine C. de Greeff, Ed J. Kuijper
Summary: This study found a higher proportion of severe CDI cases during the second wave of COVID-19, which was partially caused by delayed diagnostics possibly due to decreased patient visits or restricted hospital referral.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)
